bosom, stands elect, aloft, and apart-Bird, Reptile, Fish, far beneath in the scale; and till it is shown how an animal that never got suck stumbled on the capacity of giving what was never given it, the Breast will stand, against all dreams of development, companion-barrier to the Backbone. Again is heard the elective edict: "One shall be taken, and three shall be left."

42. Third, last, innermost leet: note has to be taken among the Mammalia themselves, from the Marsupials to Man, of the presence or absence of one testing character, and that the chief-the Perfect Brain. This is found in one creature, occupying, as it were, the inner ring and core of the concentric circles of vitality, and in

SUB-VERTEBRATES

SUB

MAMMALS.
CEREBRAL

MANCO

PLENO-CEREBRAL.

one alone. In the lowest variety of man it is presentpresent in the Negro or the Bushman as in the civilized European; and absent in all below man-absent in the

ape or the elephant as truly as in the kangaroo or the duckmole. To all men the pleno-cerebral type is common to man, as such, it is peculiar. And till we hear of some simian tribe which speculates on its own. origin, or discusses its own place in the scale of being, we shall be safe in opposing the Human Brain, with its sign in language, culture, capacity of progress, as barrier the third to Mr. Darwin's scheme. In proportion to the delicacy of the apparatus, and the value represented by its smallest variations, is the difficulty of laying the needle-point on those characters of structure which part the Perfect Brain from the Imperfect, and the grades of imperfection, among the manco-cerebral mammalia, from one another. Perhaps the best popular illustration that can be offered is that of a ship with every stitch of sail set, attended by a barque, a brig, and a one-masted vessel, none of them built for the full complement of canvas, and all with huge reefs taken in. By a purely inductive process, the sub-human mammalia have been cerebrally distributed into the wave-brained, the smooth-brained, and the loose-brained, 82 represented by the ape, the beaver, and the kangaroo; with a result, so far as the two departments of science are comparable, like that of the application of Kepler's laws to the

planetary motions: the subjects of the classification fall

for the first time, into their true places--a mob of animals becomes a regular army. What it concerns us here to observe is the consonance of the division so obtained on other grounds with the earlier stages of Creative workmanship; through inferior sustaining structures towards the vertebrate skeleton, through attempered fluids and functions, towards the mammalian bond. And thus, as in the former leets, are the triple tribe of under-brains walled off from the Brain of Man. A third time there falls a voice from the Excellent Glory: "One shall be taken, and three shall be left."

43. POWER, LOVE, WISDOM; are not these words written on this trinal ascent? And, if so, has not God inlaid a revelation of his very nature in the graduation of his works? Has He not engraved this Gloria Patri on the old tables of stone; and mirrored the majesty of that Divine Name we worship* in this procession of styles in the animal architecture?

* Blessed and Holy Three!
Glorious Trinity!

WISDOM, LOVE, MIGHT!

Boundless as ocean-tide,

Rolling in fullest pride,

O'er the world far and wide

Let there be light!--Marriot's Hymn.

44. Below the fish, how comparatively powerless all creatures are! The primates of sub-vertebrate nature are the ant and the bee. Most mollusks are anchored to one spot for life, and the bulkiest of crustaceans (page 50), shorn of other locomotion, could only crawl in shallow waters among his rocks and sands. The advent of the backbone is the advent of animal power-the type of an all-pervading and resistless energy. To its possessors it is literally a pillar of strength." The wing of the eagle, the jaw of the crocodile, the spring of the tiger, the teeth of the shark, the terrible coil of the boa constrictor 83--the backbone is the basis of them all.

45. Below the mammal, again, how loveless, by comparison, is the world of life! As we approach the mammalian frontier, it is true, the dawn of the new endowment is distinctly seen; just as a great city shows itself miles and miles away. But even in the bird, and far more in the insect, the tie to offspring is justly construed as mechanical obedience to impulse rather than as individualized and intelligent affection. There are no sub-mammalian mothers: animals below the line are parents or producers only.85 The crossing of that line is a great work of Deity. God creates a new thing