while the extremity of the axis the point of the top describes a circle, more or less perfect, about G". The rationale of the self-sustaining power of the top is identical with that of the gyroscope; the deflecting force due to the angular motion of the axis plays the same part as the sustaining agent, and has the same analytical expression. Owing to friction, the top likewise rises, and soon attains a vertical position; but the agency by which this effect is produced is not exactly the same as for the gyroscope. If the extremity of the top is rounded, or is not a perfect mathematical point, it will roll, by friction, on the supporting surface along the circular track just described. This rolling speedily imparts an angular motion to the axis greater than the horizontal gyration due to gravity, and the deflecting force becomes in excess, (as explained in the case of the gyroscope,) and the axis rises until the top assumes a vertical position. Even though the extremity of the top is a very perfect point, yet if it happens to be slightly out of the axis of figure (and rotation) the same result will, in a less degree, ensue: for the point, instead of resting permanently on the surface, will strike it, at each revolution, and in so doing, propel the extremity along. The conditions of a perfect point, perfectly centered in the axis of figure, are rarely combined, or rather are practically impossible; but it is easy to ascertain by experiment that the more nearly they are fulfilled, and the harder and more highly polished the supporting surface, the less tendency to rise is exhibited; while the great stiffness (or tendency to assume a vertical position) of tops with rounded points, is a fact well known and made use of in the construction of these toys. The references throughout this paper are to my paper on the gyroscope in the June number of the Am. Journal of Education. as a teacher, 165. Association, Teachers, 252, Astely, John, 165. Astronomical observatory, 59. Astronomy, on teaching, by Diesterweg, 243. Asylum for Idiots in New York, 417. Attendance, Luther on, 440. Austin, Mrs., 14. Bad language before children, 424, 426. Backus, F. F., mover in behalf of idiots, 417. Basedow, 125. Belles-lettres, in University of Turin, 52. Bowen, F., article by, 5. Braille, L., music printing for the blind, 137. Burgdorf, Pestalozzi's school at, 71, 84, 91, 119 advice to his son, 161. Caccia, his college, 485. Cecil, Sir W., see Burleigh. Charitable endowments, 57, 127. Charles Albert, 43, 58, 59. Charles Emanuel, 43, 59. Charles Felix, 61. Cheke, Sir John, 165. Chemnitz, industrial school at, 252. Church authority in management of schools, 498. Children, Lord Burleigh on management of, 162 Cincinnati, system of public schools, 520. Clindy, Pestalozzi's school at, 112. Cleomenes, remark by, 471. Clergy and public schools in Sardinia, 500. educational office of, 268. Commercial school, Dresden, 252. Common schools in New England in 1824, 14. Benefactions, educational, by E. Dwight, 17, 22. Compulsory school attendance, 440. J. Wadsworth, 14. Caccia, 485 W. Woodward, 520. J. Hughes, 520. Amedeus VIII., 43. Charles Albert, 43, 58, 59. Charles Emanuel, 43, 59. Berti, D., 491. Beuggen and Pestalozzi, 115. in high schools, 367. Biography, in teaching history, 514. Biography of Edmund Dwight, 5. Lowell Mason, 140. Compulsory teaching, 166. and memory, 324. Contents of Number 10, 3. Contents of Number 11, 273. Controversy, how to practice, 465. Convent schools in Ireland, 375. Conversation, Lord Burleigh on, 163. Cooper Institute or Union, 526. Cooper, Peter, 526. Copying, in drawing, 194. Coste, P. A., 490. Course of study in Sardinia technical schools, 37. Course of study in Sardinia University, 46. Blind, institutions and instruction for, 127, 140. Course of study in Sardinia secondary schools, 42. Cyrus Peirce, 275. Henry Pestalozzi, 65. John Sturm, 167. number of, 128. printing for, 134. peculiarities of, 139. statistics of, 127. Blindness, causes of, 127. Borrowing and lending, 163. Books, educational effects of, 266. Book notices, 272. Botanic garden in Turin, 59. Blackstone's definition of an idiot, 386. Course of study in Sardinia elementary, 490. Sturm's school, 169, 401. Chemnitz industrial school, 252. Cousin, V., report on Prussian schools, 14. Deaf and dumb, institution at Turin for, 41. Emmanuel Philibert, benefaction of, 43, 58. of teachers at Dresden, 251. Haddon, W., on punishment, 156. notice of, 164. Hampton, B., notice of, 165. Hanover High School, weekly lesson-bill of, 250. Hintze, E., on teaching natural history, 240. Home education, Lord Burleigh on, 162. Hood, Thomas, notice of, 182. "Irish Schoolmaster," by, 183. Hospice des Quinze Vingts, Paris, 129. "How Gertrude teaches her children," by Pesta- Howe, Dr. S. G., his alphabet for blind, 135. letter on Reform School for Girls, 359. Idiots, asylum for, Syracuse, 417. examples of training, 419. Imagination and conception, 324. Independent action by pupils, 462. Industrial education: Pestalozzi's at Stanz, 69. Industrial School, Chemnitz, 252. Irish national, aid to, 372. Infant schools, Munich, 257. Lütken's, Hamburg, 257. Inspection of schools in Sardinia, 502. see Supervision. Instruction, C. Peirce's method of, 292. details of, Pestalozzi's, 84. details of, Sturm's, 169, 401. Intuition, defined, 214. Intuitional instruction, method of, 233. Examples of training idiots, by Dr. Wilbur, 419. Ireland, system of national education in, 363. Expression, conditions of, 470. Family education, 262. Luther on, 421, 424. Fellenberg and Pestalozzi, 87. Fine Arts, institution for, Turin, 484, 485. and history together, 517. Geometry, method of teaching, 239. German schools, ancient and modern, 343. Gifts, Lord Burleigh on, 163. Great Britain, blind institutions in, character of, 133, 138. Guillie, Dr., 131, 134. Gymnasia, Prussian, week's lessons in, 247. statistics of, 1856-7, 248. rules and regulations respecting, 365. Lesson-bill, weekly, in Prussian gymnasia, 241. of Rendsburg real school, 250. Lexington, normal school at, 289. Liberty of instruction in Sardinia, 499. of King of Sardinia, 483. of public schools of Cincinnati, 52. Libraries, public, Luther on, 438. physical exercise, 464. Moreau, Pierre, his letters for the blind, 130. university, historical school in, 257. Lowell Mason's career in teaching vocal,141. Lieber, F., vocal sounds of Laura Bridgman, 400. Musical works of Lowell Mason, 148. Literature of education; extracts, 183. Lloyd, poem on reading, 225. Locality, educational influence of, 262, Logic, right and wrong mode of teaching, 320. Luther on studying, 447. Louis of Savoy, benefaction of, 43. address to town councils of Germany, 429. on dead languages, 432, 444. public libraries, 438. school organization, 442. universities, 443. compulsory attendance, 440. seclusion of young, 426. punishment, 425. logic and rhetoric, 447. physical exercise, 448. duty of establishing public schools, 429. parents' educational duty, 422. studying the Bible, 443. family education, 421, 424. studying history, 445. natural sciences, 445. Lütken, Doris, infant school of, 257. Macbeath and Milne, alphabet for blind, 136. Manners, Lord Burleigh on, 163 Marriage, Lord Burleigh on, 162. Mason, Lowell, memoir of, 141. list of works of, 148. Mason, Sir J., on punishment, 156. Massachusetts, common school movement in, 1837, 14. state reform school for girls, 359. state industrial school for girls, 359. family system in, 359. visit to, 361. Masson, D., lecture by, 262. Musical institutions, Boston, 144. Nantucket, educational labors of Cyrus Peirce colored population of, 287. Native language, Sturm's neglect of, 409. Natural bent of a child's mind, 461. Natural history, Pestalozzi on teaching, 82. Natural philosophy, Diesterweg on teaching, 242. Natural sciences, course of, University of Turin, 54. apparatus for, same place, 59. Luther on studying, 445. Natural theology, use of studying, 335. Nature, how to use in educating, 264. observation of, 330. New England, common schools of, in 1800, 276. state of schools in, in 1824, 14. poem on district school in, 189. New York State Idiot Asylum, 417. government of, 417. success of, 418. Nicasius, 165. Niederer, appearance of, 88. quarrel with Schmid and Pestalozzi, 103. Normal school at Lexington, Mass, 289. Observation, Pestalozzi on, 75. importance of student's own, 339. Order, value of practicing, 338. Orphan education; Pestalozzi at Stanz, 69. Osgood, Rev. S., letter on Edmund Dwight, 22. Mathematics, course of, University of Turin, 55. Paintings, sundry prices of, 197. use of study of, 332. May, Rev. S J., article by, 275. Medical schools, Sardinia, 49, 55, 58, 483. Medicine, course of, University of Turin, 55, 58. Memory and conception, 324. Memory, office of, 201. right use of, 315. training of, 323. Men, knowledge of, 466. Mental philosophy yet imperfect, 342. Methods, catechisms on, 233, 505. Mildmay, Walter, noticed, 164. Military education, Sardinia, 480. Model schools, Irish national, purpose of, 371. Model School, Lexington, Mass., 294. Modern languages, school of, 252. Montaigne, on education, 461. his training in Latin, 473. on moral culture, 477. study of history, 465. Parental authority, how to be yielded, 389. 49, Parsons, Hon. Theop'lus, letter on E. Dwight, 19. address by, extracts from, 285. Perkins' institution for the blind, 133. life and educational system of, 65. at Stanz, 69, 350. at Burgdorf, 71, 119. and Fellenberg, 87 at Yverdun, 87. chief followers of, 354. Fichte on, 150. Pestalozzi, H. Mason, adopts principles of, 141. influence of on schools, 343, 349. Pestalozzian association, Saxony, 252. Philanthropinum, Basedows, 125. Physical exercise, Luther on, 448. Pignier, M., 132, 134. Plato on punishment, 156. compulsory teaching, 166. Politics, use of studying, 334. Lowell Mason, 141. Cyrus Peirce, 273. Position in reading, 227. Popular ignorance and national glory, 416. Practical acquirements, 470. Prayers, public, in colleges, 23. Printing, evils from, 73. for the blind, 134. Pronunciation, good, 226. Prussia, school law of, 1854, 245. school statistics of, 1856-7, 248. in old and modern German schools, 345. Quintilian on compulsory teaching, 166 Ramsauer, J., extract from biography of, 84, Raumer, Karl von, on Pestalozzi & his system, 65. on Sturm, 167, 401. on Luther's educational views, 421. Rayneri, Prof. G. A., 491. Reading, arrangement of classes in, 227. errors in teaching, 317. C. Peirce's method for, 293. Real schools, Prussian, statistics, 1856-7, 248. Rendsburg, weekly lesson-bill, 250. Nuremburg, pupils in, 257. Reflecting faculties, cultivation of, 309. Regulations of Irish national schools, 365. Rendsburg real school, weekly lesson-bill of, 250. Luther on studying, 447. Royal college of the provinces, Sardinia, 57. committees for progress of science & art, 485. press, 487. school law of 1857, 495. definition of public school, 499. state control of education, 499. statistics of 1856, 503. teachers' schools, 504. Saxony, real schools of, 251. quarrel with Niederer, 97, 103. School system of Sardinia, 37, 479. law, Prussian, 1854, 245. expenditures, Prussian, 1856, 248. of artillery, Sardinia, 482. of science and art, Prussian, in 1856-7, 249. Severity, Lord Burleigh and others on, 155. Montaigne on, 469. Smith, Sir Thomas, noticed, 165. State authority in education, 499. Sturm, John, life and labors of, 152, 166, 167, 401 Superficiality, 73. Supervision of Irish national schools, 365, 369. in Sardinia, 61, 497, 502. Supreme council of public inst'tion, Sardinia, 63. |