AMERICAN DIPLOMACY

BY

JOHN BASSETT MOORE, LL.D.

PROFESSOR OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND DIPLOMACY, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY,
NEW YORK; MEMBER OF THE PERMANENT COURT AT THE HAGUE;
SOMETIME COUNSELOR FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE OF
THE UNITED STATES
AUTHOR OF

"A DIGEST OF INTERNATIONAL LAW," "A HISTORY AND DIGEST
OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATIONS," ETC., ETC.

M8
1412

HARPER'S CITIZENS SERIES

Edited by WILLIAM F. WILLOUGHBY
Director of

the Institute for Government Research

A new and most important series defining and applying the
principles of such vital subjects as Labor Legislation, the Ad-
ministration of Justice, Public Service Regulation, Statis-
tics, American Diplomacy, and other themes of immediate
concern to every intelligent student and citizen. These books,
which are being written by leading authorities, are prepared
to meet the increasing needs of colleges, and they will also
meet requirements, not now supplied, of readers interested
in the most immediate subjects of our times.

PRINCIPLES OF LABOR LEGISLATION.

By JOHN R.
COMMONS, Professor of Political Economy, University of
Wisconsin, and JOHN B. ANDREWS, Secretary of the Ameri-
can Association for Labor Legislation.

PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT.
By FRANK J. GOODNOW, President of the Johns Hopkins
University.

PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN DIPLOMACY. By JOHN
BASSETT MOORE, Professor of International Law and
Diplomacy at Columbia University. Formerly Counselor
for the Department of State, Assistant Secretary of State,
etc., member of the Permanent Court at the Hague.
Enlarged and revised from Prof. Moore's "American Di-
plomacy."

HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK
ESTABLISHED 1817

THE PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN DIPLOMACY

Copyright, 1905, 1918, by Harper & Brothers
Frinted in the United States of America

CONTENTS

CHAP.

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

THE CONTEST WITH COMMERCIAL RESTRICTIONS

NON-INTERVENTION AND THE MONROE DOCTRINE

VII. THE DOCTRINE OF EXPATRIATION

IX. THE TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES 339

INTRODUCTION

THE present work incorporates substantially the entire text, with few alterations or amendments, of the volume published by the author in 1905 under the title American Diplomacy: Its Spirit and Achievements. The narrative in that volume, however, embraces few incidents that occurred later than 1903. The years that have since elapsed have been marked by important events, some of which are destined to be highly influential in shaping the future course of the foreign policy of the United States. The present work brings the history of that policy down to date.

The object of the author in the preparation of the original work, as well as in its revision, has been to set forth and explain the fundamental principles by which the diplomacy of the United States has been governed. Domestic policy and foreign policy are seldom wholly diverse, and foreign policy is in the main profoundly influenced by local interests and ideals. Consequently, just as the internal development of each nation presents some distinctive phase or phases, so we may expect its foreign policy to bear distinctive marks by which it can be identified. The United States after its advent into the family