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INDEX.

The details or leading events of each sovereign's reign, being given in the analysis
which precedes each chapter, are not recapitulated in the Index.

ABBEY CRAIG, 282

Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, the
Calvinistic divine, 520, 539.
Aberdeen, Earl of, his ministry of
1852-55, 788; superseded by Lord
Palmerston, 806.

Aboukir, French fleet defeated at, 762.
Abraham, battle on the heights of, 711.
Absolutism supported by the Church

and clergy, 539; decision of the
judges in favour of, 552.
Acre, St. Jean d', captured by
Richard I., 214; defended by Sir
Sidney Smith, 762.

Addington made Prime Minister, 762.
Adelaide, Queen, 778.

Adelais of Louvaine, 164.
Administrations of the reign of
George III., 760-2; of George
IV., 776; of William IV., 787; of
Victoria, 788, 799.

Adrian III., Pope, 179.
Afghanistan, English expedition to,
813; disastrous retreat from, ib.;
retributive vengeance inflicted on,
814.

Africa, trade with, promoted, 705.
Agincourt, battle of, 368, 369.
Agra, butcheries of, 811.
Agricola, his campaigns in Britain,
19; his high character, 20; defeats
the Caledonians, 23; sails round
the Orkneys, 24.

Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, 630; treaty
of, 705; dissatisfaction with the
treaty, 709.

Aland Isles, 809.

Albemarle, Duke of (General Monk),

at the head of the Parliamentary
forces, 605; effects the restoration
of the Stuarts, 606; made Duke
of Albemarle, 610; fights the Dutch
at sea, 615.

Alberoni, the Spanish minister, 687.
Albert of Saxe-Coburg married to
Queen Victoria, 792.

Albinus, the Roman general, 25.
Alectus, 26.

Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, 163.
Alexander of Parma, the Spanish
general, 485.

Alexander III., King of Scotland,
married to Joan, the king's sister,
257; killed, 265.
Alexander III., Pope, 179, 186, 192;
his interference in the quarrel be-
tween Becket and the king, 194.
Alexander VI, the wicked pope, 420.
Alfred the Great, 54; his difficulties,
55; anecdotes of, 56; genius and
energy of, 59; death of, 76.
Algiers, bombardment of, 762.
"All the Talents," 743.
Alma, battle of the, 808.
Almanza, battle of, won
French, 674.

Alphege, Archbishop, 72.

by the

Alba, Duke of, 481; the sanguinary
persecutor of Protestantism, 481.
Ambrosius, 36.

America, Philip of Spain's assumed

monopoly of, 483; colonization of,
705; war with, 758; naval contests
with, 758, 759.

American colonies, on the loss of the,
718; quarrel with, and its causes,
728, 724; rebellion and civil war,
725 et seq.; France enters into an
alliance with, 729; surrender of
Lord Cornwallis at York Town,
730; their independence acknow-
ledged, ib.

Amherst, General, 711.
Amiens, peace of, 741.
Amusements, popular, 519, 520.
Angles, 34.

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Anjou ceded to the French, 381.
Anjou, Duke of, 499.

Anne, Princess, daughter of James II.,

644, 646; Queen of England, 667;
her reign, 667-681. (See Analysis,
667.)

Anne of Bohemia, 340; married to
Richard II., 340, 341.

Anne, wife of Richard III.; death of,
402.

Anne, Princess of Cleves, married to

Henry VIII., but repudiated, 445.
Anselm, Archbishop, his quarrel with
William II., 134; recalled by
Henry I., 141, 143.

Anson, Commodore, voyages of, 715.
Anti-Corn-law League, 793. (See
CORN-LAWS.)

Appropriation clause for applying
the surplus revenue of the Irish
Church, 786.

Aquitaine taken from the English,

382.

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817

rity over the, 566; mutiny of the,
577; resolves to maintain its su-
premacy, 602, 604, 605; feeling ex-
hibited by the, temp. James II., 644.
Arnold, General, 727.
Arteveldt, James Van, the citizen
leader of Ghent, 299; murder of,
305.

Arthur, the British king, 41.
Arthur, Prince, hereditary sovereign
of England, 228; murdered by
King Jolin, 230.

Arthur, Prince, son of Henry VII.,
married to Catherine of Spain, 420 ;
death of, ib.; his widow married to
Henry VIII., 425.

Artillery, first introduction of, 318.
Arts, Royal Academy of, established,
761.

Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury,
the bigoted persecutor, 365.
Ashburnham, General, 810.
Aske, Robert, originator of the "Pil-
grimage of Grace," executed, 443.
Assassins, tribe of, in the valleys of
the Lebanon, 217.

Asselin, son of Arthur, 119.
Atheists, punishment of, 491.
Atheling, title of, 85.

Athelstane, the Saxon king, 60; con-
federacy against him, ib.; his con-
quests, ib.

Athelwald, 66, 67.
Athol, Duke of, 673.
Atrebatii, the, 94 n.

Atterbury, Bishop, his plot in favour
of the Pretender, 691.
Aubrey de Vere, 164.

Auckland, Lord, his disastrous expe-
dition in Afghanistan, 813; is su-
perseded, 814.

Augustine's introduction of Chris-
tianity, 43; recognised as Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, ib.
Austerlitz, battle of, 743.
Australia, discovery of gold in, 797,
798.

Austria declares war against France,

749; contemporary sovereigns of,
763, 777, 788.

Avignon, the pope at, 312; rival
bishops of, 358.

Avisa of Gloucester, first wife of King

John, 229; her repudiation, ib.
Azoff, Sea of, naval operations in the,
807.

B.

BABINGTON, Anthony, conspiracy of
to assassinate Queen Elizabeth, 484.
Bacon, Lord, minister of Queen Eliza-
beth, 480; the greatest philosopher
of his age, 495; created Lord Ve-
rulam and Lord Chancellor, 526;
accused of bribery and corruption,
528.

Baden Hill, battle of, 48.

Badlesmere, Lord, executed by Ed-
ward II., 286.

Bal, the Druidical deity, 17.
Balaclava taken possession of by the
English squadron, 804; destruc-
tive cavalry charge at, ib.

Baldock, the chancellor, capture and
death of, 289.

Balwin de Rivers, 159.
Baldwin de Bethune, 218.

Baliol, Edward, a candidate for the
Scottish throne, 266; Edward I.
decides in his favour, 267; insults
to which he is exposed, 268; does
homage to Edward I., 269; defeats
the royal army, and is crowned at
Scone, 296; expelled, 297; driven
from the throne, 302.

Ball, John, a priest of Kent, 332; his
execution, 336.

Ballard, a Romish priest, instigates

the assassination of Queen Eliza-
beth, 484.

Balmerino, Lord, beheaded, 703.
Baltic, naval expedition in the, 801.
Bancroft, Archbishop, 520.
Bangor, slaughter of the Britons at,

44.

Bank Restriction Act passed, 761.
Bannockburn, battle of, 283.
Barcelona, siege and capture of, 670.
Bardolf, 355.

Barnet, battle of, 394.
Baron, title of, 114.

Barons, measures of Henry II. for
weakening their power, 207; their
revolt against the tyranny of King
John, 236; extort Magna Charta,
237; excommunicated by the Pope,
239; John revenges himself upon
them, ib.; their contests, 240;
swear fealty to Louis, the young
prince of France, ib.; their contests
with John, 241; defeated at Lin-
coln, 243; their contests with
Henry III., 250, 251; expel the

foreign favourites, 250; defeat the
king's forces at Lewes, 252; destroy
the authority of Henry VI., 386.
Barton, Elizabeth, the "Maid of
Kent," 440; executed, 441.
Bastwick, 558.

Bayard, Chevalier, 426.
Bayeux, capture of, 373.

Bayonne taken from the English,
$82.

Beachy Head, naval action off, 657.
Beaton, Archbishop, murder of, 446.
Beauchamp of Warwick, 377.
Beaufort, Cardinal, Bishop of Win-
chester, his priestly tyranny, 379.
Beaufort, Joanna, 376.
Beaufort, Margaret, 395.

Beauvais, Bishop, captured and im-
prisoned, 223,

Becket, Thomas à, his rise in the
Church, 176, 177; his birth and
parentage, 177; Archdeacon and
Chancellor of England, 177; anec-
dotes of, 178; made Archbishop of
Canterbury, 179; his hypocritical
sanctity, 180; his insolent de-
mands, ib.; his violent opposition
to the Constitutions of Clarendon,
and rebellious spirit, 183, 184;
evils of the contests with, 188, 189;
his reconciliation with the king,
195; his arrival at Canterbury,
196; murder of, 197; consternation
at the deed, 199; declared a saint
and martyr, ib.; the king does
penance at his tomb, 205.
Bedford, John Plantagenet, Duke of,

defeats the allied squadrons of
Spain, Genoa, and France, 371;
his measures, 375, 376; defeats the
French army at Verneuil, 376.
Bedloe, the informer, 622.
Belasis, Mr., imprisoned, 556.

Belesme, Robert de, Earl of Shrews-
bury, charges against, 143; his ba-
nishment, 144; his reinstatement,
146.

Belgæ, the, 94 n.

Belgium separated from Holland, 784;
Prince Leopold elected sovereign,
ib.

Belleisle, naval victory of, 704.
Benedict X., Pope, 87.

Benedict XIII., the rival pope of
Gregory XII., 358.

Benevolences declared illegal, 540;
exacted by Charles I., 542.

INDEX.

Bengal army, revolt of the, 810,
Beorn, the Saxon Thane, death of, 81.
Berkley, Sir Maurice, 463.

Berkley Castle, murder of Edward II.
at, 290.

Bernicians, the, 40.

Bertha, wife of Ethelbert, 43.
Bertrand de Guesclin, 321; his mili-
tary prowess and tactics, 322, 323.
Bertrand de Gourdon slays Richard I.,
224.

Berwick, flight of Edward II. to, 284.
Berwick, James Duke of, one of the
greatest commanders of the age,

674.

Bible, translation of the, 318, 454,
521; perverted to the justification
of the most odious crimes, 588.
Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, 278.
Billeting of soldiers as a penalty de-
clared illegal, 540.

Bishoprics of Ireland partly abo-
lished, 782.

Bishops, impeachment of the, 564,

565; James the Second's proceed-
ings against seven of them for re-
fusing to read the "Declaration of
Indulgence," 642, 648; their trial
and acquittal, 643, 644.

Black Prince at the battle of Crecy,

306. (See EDWARD.)

Black Sea, naval expedition in the,
801, 807; disastrous storm in the,
806.

Blackfriars Bridge built, 761.
Blake, Admiral, his naval operations

against the Spaniards, 501; ap-
pointed admiral of the fleet, 590;
retreats before the Dutch, 594; de-
feats the Dutch, 595; attacks and
burns the fleet of Spanish galleons
near the Canaries, 600.

Blanche of Castile sends succours to
Prince Louis of France, 243; at
war with England, 246.
Blenheim, battle of, 669.
Blois, royal house of, 156-171.
Blois, Count of. (See STEPHEN.)
Blondel, the troubadour, romantic
story of, 221.

"Bloody Assizes," 636.

86

Bloody Mary," title of, applied to
Queen Mary, 470.

Bloody Statute, passing of the, 449.
Blore Heath, battle of, 387.

Blucher, General, at the battle of
Waterloo, 752-4.

819

Blue Bonnets of Scotland, their unex-
pected wealth received from the
delivering up of Charles I., 576.
Blunt, the director of the South Sea
bubble, 689, 690.

Boadicea, the British queen, 17; de-

feated and slain, 18.

Bohemia, blind king of, slain, 307;
James the First's interference with,
527; national agitation respecting,

528.

Bohun, Humphrey de, Earl of Here-
ford, 273.

Boleyn, Anna, history of, 435, 436;
married to Henry VIII., 440; be-
headed, 442.
Bolingbroke, Henry of, eldest son of
John of Gaunt and cousin of
Richard II., 333, 343; minister of
Richard, 343; made Earl of Derby
and Duke of Hereford, 345; his
quarrel with Mowbray, Duke of Nor-
folk, 345, 346; banished, 346; his
return, 347; his assumption of
power, 348; proclaimed king, ib.
(see HENRY IV.).
Bolingbroke, St. John, Lord, 679; im-
peachment of, 683.

Bonaparte, Napoleon, recaptures Tou-
lon, 743; made general of the army
of Italy, 735. (See NAPOLEON I.)
Bonaparte, Joseph, King of Spain,
745; insurrection against, ib.
Bonaparte, Jerome, King of West-
phalia, 475.

Bonaparte, Louis, King of Holland,

745.

Bonaparte, Lucien, 745; his epic

poem on Charlemagne, ib.
Boniface VIII. seized and insulted by
the French, 273.

Bonner, Bishop, imprisonment of,

457; his cruel persecutions, 467.
"Book of Sports," 550.

Bordeaux taken from the English,

382.

Boroughbridge, battle of, 286.
Boscawen, Admiral, 714.

Boston, U. S., popular outbreak at,

761.

Bothwell, husband of Mary Queen of
Scots, 478.

Bothwell Bridge, Covenanters de-
feated at, 623.

Boucher, Joan, executed for denying

the divinity of Christ, 456.
Boufflers, General, 663.

Boulogne, Henry the Eighth's expe-
dition against, 447; capture of,
447, 449; Napoleon's hostile atti-
tude at, and threatened invasion,
740.

Bourbon, Duke of, sacks Rome, and
imprisons the Pope, 434; is killed,
ib.

Boyne, battle of the, 655.
Brackenbury, keeper of the Tower,
400.

Braddock, General, 711.

Bradshaw, president, who tried King
Charles, 582; his body hung at
Tyburn, 609.

Brandon, Sir William, slain, 405.
Breadalbane, Earl of, 659.
Breakspear, 178.

Breda, peace of, 616.

Brenville, battle of, 148.

Brest taken possession of by the
British, 330; captured by Admiral
Frobisher, 492.
Breteuil, De, 140.

Bretigni, peace of, 320.

Bretons, their indignation against
King John, 231.
Brigantes, the, 18, 94.

Bright, John, his efforts for repealing

the Corn-Laws, 794.
Bristol, assault on, 569,
Bristol, Lord, 529, 530.

Britain, Celtic occupation of, 1 et seq.;

the different possessors of, 2; geo-
graphy of, 3; pursuits of the in-
habitants, ib.; their traffic and in-
tercourse with foreigners, 4, 5;
invaded by Julius Cæsar, 5; com-
paratively unknown at that period,
7; first dawnings of civilization
and art, 8; priests of, ib; conquests
of Vespasian and Ostorius Scapula,
14; invaded and reduced by Clau-
dius, 16; general state of before
the departure of the Romans, 28;
exposed to the attacks of the
northern barbarians, 29, 34; 80-
licits the Romans for assistance,
but in vain, 35; invaded by the
Danes, 50, 54. (See GREAT BRI-
TAIN.)

British Museum established, 715.
Britons, Ancient, 2; their first expe-
dition to Gaul against Julius
Cæsar, 5; their resistance to the
Roman invasion, 6; their religion,
8, 9; slaughter of, at Bangor, 44.

Brittany, the great fief of, 303.
Brittany, Duke of, 376; supported by
Henry VII., 414,

Broke, Lord Willoughby de, 415.
Brougham, Lord, an advocate for
educating the poor, 768.
Brownists, punishment of, 491.
Bruce, Alexander, brother of Robert
Bruce, executed, 278.

Bruce, David, Prince of Scotland,
292; enters Scotland and expels
Baliol from the throne, 302.

Bruce, Edward, crowned king of
Ulster, 284; defeated and slain near
Dundalk, 285.

Bruce, Nigel, brother of Robert Bruce,
hanged at Berwick, 277.

Bruce, Robert, the Norman, 161.
Bruce, Robert, Lord of Carrick, a can-
didate for the Scottish crown, 266 ;
raises the standard of revolt, 270;
excites an insurrection against
English domination, 276; stabs
Earl Comyn, ib.; crowned at Scone
as Robert I. of Scotland, ib.; his
active measures for resisting Eng-
lish invasion, 277, 278; his energy
and activity in defending Scotland
against the English invasion,
281-284.

Bruce, Thomas, brother of Robert
Bruce, executed, 278.

Bruges, flourishing state of, in the
fourteenth century, 298, 299; arti-
sans of, 372.

Brunswick, House of, 682 et seq.
Buckingham, Edward, Duke of, pro-
motes the usurpation of Richard
Duke of Gloucester, 399; conspires
in favour of Henry Duke of Rich-
mond, 401; betrayed and executed,
ib.
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke
of, executed, 432.

Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of,
favourite of James I., 524; extra-
ordinary honours conferred upon
him and his family, 525; his great
influence, 526; goes with Prince
Charles on a secret mission to
Madrid, 529; his arrogance, 583,
535; sent as special ambassador to
bring home Henrietta Maria of
France, 534; insulted by Cardinal
Richelieu, ib.; his treachery, 535;
impeached by Parliament, 537;
his hatred of Cardinal Richelieu,

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