Soult, Marshal, defeat of, 746. South Saxons, kingdom of the, 94 n. South Sea Bubble, 689; immense
losses sustained by the, 690, 691. Southampton, Lord, 495. Sovereigns, contemporary, from the Norman occupation, 90 et seq. and at the beginning of each succeeding chapter.
Spain, defeat of her fleet off the coast
of Kent, 312; war with, temp. Richard II., 330; contemporary sovereigns of, from the accession of the House of Tudor, 406 et seq. and at the beginning of each succeed- ing chapter; at war with France, 425; power of, temp. Queen Mary, 462; vast extent of territories be- longing to, 470; combines with France to exterminate heresy, 481; active hostilities against, 482; her formidable preparations for the invasion of England, 484, 485, 488, 489; her invincible armada destroyed, 490; her fleets defeated and destroyed by the English and Dutch, 492; her de- graded state after the loss of the United Provinces, 507; war de- clared against, 530; Cromwell's successes against, 598; Lord Peter- borough's campaign in, 670; war with, 687, 697, 721, 729; her fleet destroyed, 688; insurrection in, against Joseph Bonaparte, 745; English expedition sent to, ib.; victories of the British in, 762; contemporary sovereigns of, 763; French invasion of, in defence of Ferdinand VII., 770; contemporary sovereigns of, 777. Spaniards attack and burn the southern ports of England, 329; defeated by John Philpot, 331; fruitless expedition against the, 535; hostilities provoked by their insolence, 697.
Spanish American colonies, their in- dependence acknowledged by Eng- land, 770.
Spanish squadron destroyed by the Dutch at Dover, 554. Spanish succession, war of the, 669. Spencer, Lord, death of, 784. Spensers, favourites of Edward II., 285, 286; banished, 286; their re- turn, ib.; their execution, 289.
Spurs, battle of the, 426.
Spy system, 765.
Stamford Bridge, battle of, 97. Stamp Act of the American colonies repealed, 725.
Standard, battle of the, 161. Stanley, Thomas, Lord, declares for Richmond at the battle of Bosworth, 404.
Stanley, Sir William, his treachery, 490.
Stanley, Mr., Secretary for Ireland,
Star Chamber abolished, 561. Steele, prosecution, of, 678. Stephen of Aumale, 131.
Stephen of Blois, grandson maternally of William the Conqueror, reign of,
Stephenson, R., the engineer, 719. Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, 87, 88, 95, 100, 101, 107. Stirling Castle, siege of, 282. Stoke, battle of, 413. Strafford, Wentworth, Lord, his ty- rannical views, 553; impeached by the House of Commons, 558; his trial, 558, 559; his attainder and execution, 560, 561.
Straw, Jack, executed, 336.
Strode accused of high treason, 565. Strongbow, Richard, general of Henry the Second's expedition against Ire- land, 201, 202.
Stroud, imprisonment of, 543. Stuart, house of, 502-646; its resto- ration, 607-630.
Stuart, Lady Arabella, conspiracy in favour of, 508; cruel treatment and death of, 521, 522.
Stuart, Charles Edward, Queen Anne favourable to the pretensions of,
Succession, war of, 668, 669. Sudely, Lord, High Admiral of Eng-
land, 451; married to Catherine Parr, widow of Henry VIII., 451; his execution, ib. Suetonius, Paulinus, 16. Suffolk, origin of, 39.
Suffolk, Charles, Duke of, 421. Suffolk, Henry Grey, Duke of, father of Lady Jane Grey, proclaims Queen Mary, 461; his rebellion, 463; his execution, 464. Superstitious observances, abolition of, 454.
Surnames, origin of, 120. Surrey, Thomas, Earl of, 427; gains the battle of Flodden, 427. Surrey, Thomas, Earl of, son of the preceding, 446; his execution, 448. Surveys of England, 120, 138. Sussex, Saxon kingdom of, 39, 40. Swartz, Martin, German mercenary chief, invades England, 413. Sweves, 34.
Sweyn, King of Denmark, invades and conquers England, 72. Sweyn, son of Earl Godwin, 81. Swift, prosecution of, 678. Sydney, Algernon, execution of, 627.
TALBOT of Shrewsbury, 377. Tallagio non concedendo, conceded by Edward I., 272, 274. Taranis, the Druidical deity, 17, 21. Taunton, citizens of, condemned by Judge Jeffreys, 638.
Taxation, excessive, excites general discontent in the reign of William II., 130, 131.
Taxes, pressure of, for the ransom of Richard I., 220; refused without the consent of Parliament, 272; the right conceded by Edward I., ib.
Taylor, Jeremy, 577.
Tea, ship cargo of, thrown into the
sea by the Americans, 724. Terouenne, siege of, 426.
Test and Corporation Acts, 619, 630, 774; repealed, 776. Tewkesbury, battle of, 394. Thanes, 114, 116.
Thanet, Isle of, invaded by the Saxons, 38.
Theobald of Canterbury, 179.
Theodorich of Alsace, 151.
Theowes, 115.
Thistlewood plot, 764, 765.
Thomas à Becket. (See BECKET.) Thomas de Mowbray, 282. Thomas of Erpingham, 370. Throgmorton, Sir Nicholas, trial of, 464; his acquittal, 465; the jury persecuted, ib.
Throgmorton, Sir T., a favourite of Queen Elizabeth, 481.
Through," the mysterious word, 548. Thurstan, Archbishop of Durham, opposes the Scotch invasion, 160.
Tilly, Count, his atrocities at Magde- burg, 546.
Tilsit, treaty of, 744. Tippoo Saib killed, 762. Tithes, commutation of, 786. Tonge, Dr., 821.
Tonnage claimed by Charles I., 542. Torbay, William of Orange lands at, 645.
Tories, politics of the, 624; their con- tests with the Whigs, 704. Torrington, Admiral Lord, his dis- graceful retreat, 657.
Tostig, son of Earl Godwin, 96. Toulon captured by the English, and retaken by Napoleon Bonaparte,
Tournament between Prince Edward and the Count de Chalons, 260. Towns, charters first granted to, 191; their improved state of, temp. Henry V., 363; Edward IV. gains their political support, 391. Towton, sanguinary battle of, 391. Trade monopolies abolished by Elizabeth, 501.
Tramecourt, hamlet of, 368. Treason, legal definition of, 313; wholesale executions for, 686. Treason, Lord Eldon's unconstitu- tional definition of, 757.
Tresham, the Gunpowder plot con- spirator, 514.
Tresylian, the judge, executed, 342. Triennial Parliaments, bill for, 663; repealed, 682.
Trinobantes, the, 7; 94 n. Trafalgar, battle of, 743. Triple League, 617, 630. Troyes, treaty of, 372, 375.
Tudor, Owen, taken prisoner and put to death, 889.
Tudor, Henry, Duke of Richmond (afterwards Henry VII), driven into exile, 389.
Tudor, house of, 406-501; commences with Henry VII, 406; political state of England and degradation of the House of Commons under the, 503.
Tuileries forced by an armed mob, 761. Tunis, Bey of, punished by Cromwell, 597.
Turkey, designs of Russia against, 800; disputes respecting the Holy Sepulchre, ib.; defended by Eng- land and France, 801.
Vannes, bay of, 5.
Vassals of the Norman lords, 175. Vellore, mutiny at, 813.
Veneti, their quarrel with Julius Cæsar, 5.
Vere, Robert de, Marquis of Dublin, 341; and Duke of Ireland, 342. Verneuil, battle of, 376. Vernon, Admiral, captures Porto Bello, 697; fails at Carthagena, 698.
Verona, congress of, 769. Verulam, frightful massacre at, by the Gaels, 68.
Verulam, Lord. (See BACON.) Vespasian, his conquests in the south of Britain, 14: conquests of, 32. VICTORIA, Queen, reign of, 789-815 (see Analysis, 789); her marriage with Prince Albert, 792. Vienna, conference at, 806. Vienne, John de, governor of Calais, 309.
Vigo, attack on, 489; naval victory of, 681.
Villeinage, abolition of, 408.
Villeins, 115, 116; condition of the, 176.
Villiers, George, favourite of James I., 524; his extraordinary rise, 525. (See BUCKINGHAM.)
Villiers, Mr., his efforts for repealing the Corn-laws, 794. Vimiera, victory of, 746.
Vinegar Hill, carnage of, 737; punish- ment of the rebels, 738.
Virginia, Sir Walter Raleigh con- ducts a colony there, 483; expedi- tion to, 711. Visigoths, 34.
Vittoria, battle of, 749; its impor- tant consequences, ib.
Vortigern, Prince of the Damnonii, 36; applies to the Saxons for aid, 37.
Vortimer poisoned, 48.
WAGES, general reduction of, in 1819, 756.
Wakefield, battle of, 388, 389. Wales, invasion of, under William II.,
129; Henry II.'s contest with, 189; invaded and conquered by Ed- ward I., 260-264; Edward II. first prince of, 278; his flight to, 289; contests in, under Henry IV., 354, 355; landing of the French in,
Wales, Frederick Prince of, his con-
duct, 706; his death, 707. Wales, Henry Prince of, 522; his noble qualities, and death, ib. Wales, Prince of, son of George I., 688; his domestic quarrels, ib.; Prince of, son of George II.; his enmity against his father, 695. Wales, George Prince of, his marriage, and dissolute character, 735; be- comes regent, 755 (see PRINCE REGENT), and afterwards George IV.
Walhalla, bloody feasts of the, 43. Wallace, Sir William, the hero of Scotland, raises the standard of revolt, 270; his successful career, 270, 271; appointed "Guardian of the Kingdom," &c., 271; his be- trayal and savage execution, 274; his high character, ib.
Waller, Edmund, 569. Walpole, Sir Robert, profitably en- gaged in the South Sea Bubble, 690; his administration, 692 et seq.; his influence over the House of Commons, 695; his system of bribery and corruption, 696; suc- cess of his government, ib.; his resignation and retirement as Earl of Orford, 698.
Walsingham, Sir Francis, secretary of Queen Elizabeth, 485. Walter de Mapes, 191.
Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland, 107, 127.
Walton, Captain, his eloquent de- spatch respecting the destruction of the Spanish navy, 688. Walworth, William, Mayor of Lon- don, 330; strikes down Wat Tyler,
War of the two Janes, 304. Warbeck, Perkin, the impostor, 415; personates Richard Duke of York, 416; invades England, 417; cap- tured and executed, 419.
Warren, Sir John, defeats and cap- tures a French squadron Lough Swilly, 738.
Wars of the Roses. (See ROSES.) Warwick, Edward Earl of, 412; im- postors assume his name, 413; his imprisonment, 419.
Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of, 452; created Duke of Northumberland, ib. Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, "the King-maker," 385; his dis- satisfaction at Edward the Fourth's secret marriage, 392; his numerous retainers, 393; declares against Edward IV., and restores Henry
VI., ib.; defeated and slain at the battle of Barnet, 394.
Warwick, Robert Rich, Earl of, ap- pointed to command that part of the navy which still continued true to Parliament, 581.
Washington, city of, captured, 759. Washington, General George, 711; appointed commander-in-chief of the American colonists, 725. Wat Tyler's rebellion, 333; he is slain, 335.
Waterloo, battle of, 753, 754. Watling-street road, 23 n. Watt, James, the engineer, 719.
Wealth, great diffusion of, in the fourteenth century, 295.
Wellesley, Sir Arthur. (See Welling- TON.)
Wellington, Duke of (Sir Arthur Wel- lesley), his expedition to Spain, 745; his high military character and great exploits in India, ib.; victory of Vimiera, 746; defeats Marshal Soult, ib.; his continued successes, 748, 749; gains the battle of Vittoria, and overthrows French domination in Spain, 749; at the Congress of Verona, 769; his with- drawal from Canning's administra- tion, 772; becomes premier, 774; passes the Catholic Emancipation Bill, ib.; his duel with Lord Win- chelsea, 775; discharges all the offices of the Cabinet during Sir Robert Peel's absence, 785; his death and character, 800. Welsh, Henry II. makes war upon the, 174; but is compelled to re- treat, ib.; subdued by Henry II., 210; Henry the Fourth's victories over the, 358. Wentworth, Thomas, 538; made Privy Councillor, 543; and Presi- dent of the Court of York, 544; his renegade character, ib.; his de- spotic conduct and arbitrary mea- sures, 548; created Lord Strafford, 553. (See STRAFFORD.) Wessex, Saxon kingdom of, 39, 40,
West Saxons, kingdom of the, 94 n. Westminster Hall burnt, 138, Westmoreland, Charles Neville, Earl of, his rebellion in favour of Mary Queen of Scots, 480; defeated, ib. Wexford, storming of, 590 Whig administration, their declining power, 781.
Whigs, George I. allies himself with the, 683.
Whigs and Tories, 624; factious
spirit of the, 657; contests of the, 677; contests between the, 704; bitter contests between the, 732. White Rose, the emblem of the House of York, 352.
Whitworth, Lord, insulted by Na- poleon, 741.
Wickliffe, his translation of the Bible, 318. persecution of, 324; promul. gation of his doctrines, 349.
Widdrington, condemnation of, for treason, 686.
Wight, Isle of, Charles's flight to the,
Wilberforce, the great advocate for
slave emancipation, 781. Wilfred of Ripon, 161.
Wilks, John, prosecution of, 722, 723; his acquittal, 723; obtains damages against the Secretary of State, ib. William of Alderic, 131. William, Count of Eu, 131. William de Tracey, 197, 198. William, son of Henry I., 147; be- trothed to the Princess of Anjou, 148; shipwrecked and drowned,
William the Lion, 266.
William Clito, son of Robert of Nor- mandy, 146, 147; Henry I. makes war upon him, 151; his death,
William I., Duke of Normandy, his
visit to England, 84; obtains an oath from Harold, 87; reign of, 90-120; his claims to the crown of England, 95: assembles his fleets and armies, ib.; lands near Peven- sey Castle, and defeats Harold at Hastings, 97-99; his coronation, and massacre attending it, 101; his reign, 101-120. (See Analysis, 101.) William II., son of the Conqueror, reign of, 121-138.
William, Prince of Orange, 618; mar- ried to Mary, daughter of James II., 619; invitation to, 644; he lands at Torbay, 645. (See WILLIAM III. and MARY.)
William III. and Mary, reign of,
647-666. (See Analysis, 647.) William IV., reign of, 777-787. (See Analysis, 777.)
Williams, Lord Keeper, 530. Williams, General, at Kars, 808. Winchelsea, Lord, his duel with the
Duke of Wellington, 775. Windbanke, Secretary of State, 558. Winter, the gunpowder plot con- spirator, 513, 514.
Wintoun, condemnation of, for treason, 686. Woden, 38.
Wolfe, General, 710; captures Quebec,
Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas, son of a butcher; 427; made cardinal and
Chancellor of England, 428; m Archbishop of York, 430; Hen VIII. the tool of, 433; his in trigues with Charles V. and Francis I., ib.; his imperious conduct to Parliament and Convocation in demanding supplies, 433, 434; his declining popularity, 434; his dis- grace and fall, 437, 438. Woodville, Sir R., 392.
Woodvilles, family of the, 398; mur- ders of the, 399.
Worcester, battle of, 598.
Worcester, John Earl of, his patron- age of Caxton, 411.
Wright, the gunpowder plot con- spirator, 513.
Wyatt, Sir Thomas, rebellion of, 462; his capture and execution, 463, 464.
XAINTRAILLES of France, 876.
YEH, the Chinese commissioner, dis- putes with, 810.
Yeomen, their independent position,
York captured by the Danes, 54. York, Duke of, uncle of Richard II., 841.
York and Lancaster, revolutionary struggles between the Houses of, 352 et seq.; the white and red rose their emblems, 352; first civil con- test between the Houses of, 384; renewed contests between the rival Houses after the accession of Ed- ward IV., 591; termination of the struggles, 405.
York, Edward of March, Duke of, de-
feats the Lancastrians at Morti- mer's Cross, 389.
York, Elizabeth of, married to Henry VII., 412.
York, Frederick Duke of, his death, 771.
York, George Neville, Archbishop of, feast given by, and his bill of fare, 396.
York, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of, presumptive heir to the throne, 888; instigates the rebellion of Jack Cade, ib.; nominated to the guardianship of King Henry VI.,
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