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CONTENTS.
I.
PAGE
THE MOVEMENTS AND HABITS OF PLANTS.
The Movement of Plants in Relation to their Wants.
The Power of Movement in Animal and Plant compared.
Advantages of Cross-Fertilization
Potency of the Sexual Elements in Plants
Experiments in Crossing
The Struggle for Existence among Seeds .
Practical Application of these Views.
Marriages of First Cousins
Development of the Two Sexes in Plants
Why the Sexes have been reseparated
Comparative Fertility of Male and Female Plants
Effect of Climate on Reproduction
Causes of Sterility among Plants
An "Ideal Type" or Inevitable Modification
Special Adaptations to a Changing Purpose
An Illustration
4
6
8
9
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
Interposition
The Sleep of the Plants
As interesting on the Theory of Development as on that of Direct
Self-Protection during Sleep
22
24
25
II.
THE PART PLAYED BY WORMS IN THE HISTORY OF THIS PLANET.
THE LAWS OF VARIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ANIMALS AND PLANTS.
Laws of Inheritance that are fairly well established.
Inherited Peculiarities in Man
Inherited Diseases
Causes of Non-Inheritance
Steps by which Domestic Races have been produced.
Unconscious Selection
Adaptation of Animals to the Fancies of Man
Doubtful Species.
Species an Arbitrary Term
The True Plan of Creation
IV.
THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE.
No such Thing as Change in the Result of the Struggle.
90
V.
NATURAL SELECTION; OR, THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.
An Invented Hypothesis
How far the Theory may be extended
Is there any Limit to what Selection can effect?
Why Habits and Structure are not in Agreement
No Modification in one Species designed for the Good of Another
Illustrations of the Action of Natural Selection
Divergence of Character
Evolution of the Human Eye
VI.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC BEINGS.
Identity of the Species of Islands with those of the Mainland ex-
plained only by this Theory .
125
VII.
EVIDENCE OF THE DESCENT OF MAN FROM SOME LOWER FORM.
Points of Correspondence between Man and the other Animals
-The facts of Embryology and the Theory of Development
- Two Principles that explain the Facts
Embryology against Abrupt Changes
135
Rudimentary Organs only to be explained on the Theory of Dc-
Man's Deficiency in Tail
The History of Life on the Theory of Descent with Modification.
Letters retained in the Spelling but Useless in Pronunciation
Points of Resemblance between Man and Monkey
Variability of Man
Causes of Variability in Domesticated Man
Action of Changed Conditions
The Inherited Effects of the Increased and Diminished Use of Parts. 156
- Natural Selection in the Development of Man
How Man became upright
The Brain enlarges as the Mental Faculties develop.
Nakedness of the Skin
Is Man the most helpless of the Animals?
158
160
162
. 163
165
. 167
169
. 171
VIII.
MENTAL POWERS OF MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS COMPARED.
Fundamental Intuitions the same in Man and the other Animals.
Man and the Lower Animals excited by the same Emotions .
All Animals possess some Power of Reasoning
The Power of Association in Dog and Savage
The Lower Animals progress in Intelligence
The Power of Abstraction
The Evolution of Language
Development of Languages and Species compared
Regret peculiar to Man, and why
Remorse explained
Development of Self-Control.
Variability of Conscience.
Progress not an Invariable Rule
All Civilized Nations are the Descendants of Barbarians.
"The Ennobling Belief in God"
SEXUAL SELECTION AS AN AGENCY TO ACCOUNT FOR THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE RACES OF MAN.
Struggle of the Males for the Possession of the Females
Courtship among the Lower Animals
Why the Male plays the more Active Part in Courting
Transmission of Sexual Characteristics
An Objection answered
242
Difference between the Sexes created by Sexual Selection
243
How Woman could be made to reach the Standard of Man
246