and utter destruction of our brave five thousand, had occurred, his personal narrative might have had a deeper interest. Just then the parliament and the public were satisfied. It was believed that the war had been just and necessary: the laurels had been distributed, pensions and peerages had been bestowed with a lavish hand, and the interest had died out. Havelock never complained; but he now wisely resolved "for the remainder of his life to keep to his own trade, and have nothing more to do with authorship." It is but justice to add, that it does not appear to have been from vanity that he was ambitious of seeing himself in print. His motive he states with soldier-like simplicity. "An early sale is the thing desired, as bare lucre for my boy's education is the only object." He returned to Cabul at the beginning of 1841 in charge of a detachment of recruits, and was immediately appointed Persian interpreter by the unfortunate General Elphinstone, who was soon afterwards assassinated. Havelock was probably the pioneer of Christianity in Cabul: one of the first, if not the first, who worshipped the true God publicly in that benighted land. His old regiment, the 13th, was then at Cabul, and he was able to meet them on Sabbath evenings for divine service, as well as during the week occasionally, in a hut set apart for the purpose. An intimate friend of his, who was passing through Cabul on his way to India, says :

"On many of the occasions I had the satisfaction of being present during my stay in Cabul, up to September, 1841, and I have to this day a very vivid recollection of the fervour with which all joined in the service, and the heart with which they sung the hymns which Havelock read out to them, and amongst others-

"Ye nations round the earth, rejoice

Before the Lord your Sovereign King;
Serve him with cheerful heart and voice,
With all your tongues His glory sing.'

"On the last Sabbath evening that I was among them, among the officers who were present on that occasion, I can remember Dawse, Richard Maule, Vincent Eyre, and I think Edmund Pottinger of the artillery; and I perfectly recollect thinking at the time that I was among soldiers of the right sort, and that when their services were required they might be depended on. That I was not wrong in this confidence, the defence of Jellalabad by these very men, a very short time afterwards, can testify. Many of the men present were sergeants and corporals, who had served under Havelock when adjutant."

Havelock was not a solitary instance of the union of the highest qualifications, military and civil, with earnest piety. Just at this time another brave Christian soldier was fighting in the Punjaub. We heard with throbbing interest his tribute to Havelock's worth, in Exeter Hall, in May last,-not less enthusiastic, scarcely less eloquent, is Havelock's encomium on himself! He says:

"The Military Commander and the Resident had scarcely ceased to

bandy arguments, when a man of genius, acting in the spirit of Lord Hardinge's instructions, cut the gordian knot. A lieutenant in the Company's service-Herbert Edwardes-employed as a political assistant in a remote part of the country, with an energy and military enterprise to which India had afforded no parallel since the days of Clive; and evincing a moral courage just so much greater than that of Clive, as his position was inferior to that of the wonderful founder of our Eastern empire, when he ventured on the overwhelming responsibility of his greatest achievement, the march on Moorshedabad-this gifted lieutenant, overleaping all considerations which could embarrass him in the discharge of an important duty to the State, raised an auxiliary force, united it to a portion of the Khalsa troops, called to his aid an allied native sovereign, encountered Moolraj in the open field, and drove him within his fortress."

The second Affghan war was at hand. We cannot pursue the narrative, nor so much as thread its outline. The good hand of God was evidently upon the man who was one day to rescue our Indian empire when on the verge of ruin, and to leave one of the brightest examples on record of the true Christian hero. The insurrection had begun, and General Sale was ordered to move out of Cabul on dangerous service. Unwilling to be absent when his regiment was in the field, Havelock obtained permission from General Elphinstone to attach himself for a time to Sale's brigade, in which was his own old regiment, the 13th. The post of danger was apparently with General Sale, that of safety in Cabul, which was in a state of unruffled tranquillity. But soon after our army in Cabul was massacred, together with its generals, and had Havelock remained he must have shared their fate. On the morning of his departure, or on the previous day, he came in the course of his scripture reading to the passage in the 39th of Jeremiah

"Thus saith the Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel; behold I will bring my words upon this city for evil, and not for good; and they shall be accomplished in that day before thee. But I will deliver thee in that day, saith the Lord, and thou shalt not be given into the hands of the men of whom thou art afraid. For I will surely deliver thee, and thou shalt not fall by the sword, but thy life shall be for a prey unto thee; because thou hast put thy trust in me, saith the Lord."

In after days he recalled the remarkable passage, and could not help noticing its singular, and, to a certain degree, its prophetic, correspondence with subsequent events. He must have

spoken of it publicly, for his biographer tells us there were those who charged him with having received from his moonshee some intimations of the coming storm, and then opening his Bible to divine the course he should pursue. It can scarcely be necessary to defend his character from the charge of cowardice; that of superstition is disposed of in a few words by his biographer: "He read the 39th of Jeremiah on that morning simply because

he had read the 38th on the preceding day." Yet why should it be thought "a thing incredible" if his mind had been directed to this passage, and his conduct influenced by it? To a daily student of the Bible, what is there unreasonable in this? The man who digs every day in a gold mine cannot be said to stumble by mere chance upon the nugget which makes his fortune. Others may with reason be invited to pursue the same course with the prospect of a similar reward. The gold is there, and may turn up at any time; diligence will be requited according to God's promise; in accordance too with a law which obtains in spiritual far more accurately than in temporal affairs. The hand of the diligent maketh rich. The ejected minister who, as Calamy relates, wandered from his home that he might not witness the despair of a broken-hearted wife, and the anguish of a starving family, sat down upon a stile, and in the moody vacancy begotten of deep sorrow, knocked the stones and soil about with his walkingstick, and found two silver coins at his feet, would have been a fanatic had he returned another time to the same employment with the expectation of a similar result: for silver pieces are not usually found at the foot of a stile. Yet his finding them once was not properly an accident, but one of those extraordinary occurrences which are provided for in God's economy, though they do not come underneath any rule or law, acting with such regularity that we can depend on its recurrence at a stated time, or under given circumstances. Havelock was now with Sir Robert Sale besieged in Jellalabad, and here fearful tidings reached them. Our envoy was massacred in Cabul, with all our countrymen ; what more they knew not yet, but the worst was soon published. On the 13th of January, when they had been now two months beleaguered, Dr. Brydon was espied by some officers from the roof of the loftiest house in the city, riding furiously towards the walls. He was alone. He was the sole remnant of an army of five thousand men, who, with the exception of a few prisoners, lay dead in the Khyber passes, victims to the treachery of the Affghans. No such disaster had ever been sustained by the British forces: a whole army had disappeared. A depression more dreadful than any known calamity, because it might be the harbinger of others yet to come, seized the troops in Jellalabad. But valiant commanders were there, and amongst them Havelock; and with him,—though not, we trust, with him exclusively,-lay the secret of reviving a drooping soldiery under reverses the most appalling

"On the Sunday after the arrival of Dr. Brydon, the whole force assembled for divine service in one of the open squares of the Bala Hissar, and Havelock, standing up in the midst of men and officers, read the church service, only substituting for the Psalms of the day the 46th Psalm, which, he remarked, 'Luther was wont to use in seasons of peculiar difficulty and depression.' And as the band of heroes raised their voices to heaven with the supplication- God is our refuge and

strength, a very present help in trouble. Therefore will we not fear, though the earth be removed,'-there arose in their minds a sublime feeling of dependence on the God of battles, a noble spirit of selfdevotion, and a stern determination to defend the battlements around them to the last extremity. On the 25th of January, Havelock wrote:'Our only friends on this side the Sutlej are our own and General Pollock's bayonets. Thus while Cabul has been overwhelmed by the billows of a terrific insurrection, Candahar, Khelat, Ghilzie, Ghuznee, and Jellalabad stand like isolated rocks in the midst of an ocean covered with foam, while against and around them the breakers dash in wild fury, and the shrill cry of the sea-fowl is heard above the roar of the tempest... . . The heart of our garrison is good, and we are ready, with God's help, for a manful struggle, if the government will support us with vigour. We are ready to fight, either in open field or behind our walls, or both. But in March we shall have famine staring us in the face, and probably disease assailing us. Our position is therefore most critical; but there is not, I trust, an ounce of despondency among us."

Thus the passive bravery of the garrison was raised to the highest pitch. They were now as great in suffering as they were soon after great in action. They had laboured for ten weeks under the most appalling difficulties to hold Jellababad for their government, and to maintain the honour of their country, when they learned from Calcutta that it was determined to abandon Affghanistan, and to leave them to their fate. On the other hand, overtures were made by the Affghans to induce them to surrender. Their indignation was raised, but their loyalty was not shaken. They gave a proof of this when, a few days after, they heard of the birth of the prince of Wales, in the postscript of a private letter from Peshawur; the news was proclaimed to the besiegers by a thundering salute from the ramparts of Jellalabad. A terrific earthquake followed soon after, and shook those ramparts, parapets, and bastions to the ground in many places; but in a few hours temporary parapets were thrown up, the ditch was cleared, gabions were filled, the main breaches stopped and palisades fixed; at the end of a month, the parapets were entirely restored, the Cabul gate rendered serviceable, and every battery re-established. At length, after being isolated for five months, and after defeating AkbarKhan in the open field with a force greatly inferior to his own, they were relieved by General Pollock on the 16th of April. The relief of Cabul followed, and the release of the few British prisoners who survived. We cannot recite the engagements which took place, nor Havelock's deeds of prowess in the field. The Affghan war was over, and Havelock returned to his regiment and to the provinces of India.

The Gwalior campaign followed, and we find him again in the field against the Mahrattas. Then came the first, Sikh war, with the bloody field of Moodkee, in which he had two horses shot under him; of Ferozeshah, where he was again in the thickest of the fight, and where his friends Sir Robert Sale and Broadfoot fell;

and of Sobraon (where he had a hair-breadth escape, his charger being shot dead), amidst such a carnage as India had not known for at least a century. We then find him at Bombay; but his repose was short. The Punjaub again wavered, the disastrous battle of Chillianwallah was fought-" the nearest approximation to a defeat," he writes, "of any of our great conflicts in India, and one of the most sanguinary." In this, however, he was not present, not having arrived with his regiment when it was fought. He had now been twenty-six years in India; his constitution was shattered, and a dangerous attack of illness obliged him to obtain leave of absence and return home. He reached London on the 5th of November, 1819, Mrs. Havelock and her daughter being already in England.

His notes, after so long an absence, are fresh, and bright, and full of interest. The cordiality, the almost boyish glee, with which he and his old school-fellows, Archdeacon Hare, Sir William Norris, and the rest of them, greet each other, is delightful. Other things please him not quite so well; but we have room only for one extract. It is dated in 1850:

'England appears to me to be more intensely aristocratic than ever. The great changes are, the rapidity of communication by locomotives, the extraordinary increase of the power of the press, the improved morality and decency of habits of the middle and lower classes, and the accumulations of unions for the promotion of industry, comfort, and decidedly of religion. Into the midst of this, a conqueror, old or young, a Lord Gough or a Major Edwardes, dropped suddenly, becomes, as formerly, a nine days' wonder; but the mercurial surface of society will not long retain the impression. The wealthy and the great, under any pretext, are entirely wrapped up in themselves and their great interests. Avarice is the great idol, greater even than fame, just now."

He returned to India in 1851, leaving Mrs. Havelock and her daughters and youngest son at home. The Persian war now broke out, and the command of a division was given to him. In the prospect of the expedition to Herat, he writes to Mrs. Havelock "Our expedition will sail in a few days. Pray that I may faithfully discharge my duty to the end. I have good troops and cannon under my command; but my trust is in the Lord Jesus, a tried and merciful friend." An engagement follows, and, as usual, a victory. "The cannonade was warm; he says, "I felt throughout that the Lord Jesus was at my side." Peace soon followed, and never was peace more opportune. He had scarcely reached Bombay, when he "received the astounding intelligence that the native regiments had mutinied at Meerut, Ferozepore, and Delhi; and that the fortress of Delhi, one of the few we possessed in India, was in the hands of the military insurgents." The impending danger was still "treated with contemptuous indifference in Calcutta ;" but he saw at once all that it portended. "So I am proceeding," he writes, "by sea; prepared to give Lord