and the overwhelming effects of a violent earthquake. These latter phenomena, perhaps, possess for me a peculiar interest, from their intimate connection with the geological structure of the world. The earthquake, however, must be to every one a most impressive event: the earth, considered from our earliest childhood as the type of solidity, has oscillated like a thin crust beneath our feet; and in seeing the laboured works of man in a moment overthrown, we feel the insignificance of his boasted power.

It has been said that the love of the chase is an inherent delight in man-a relic of an instinctive passion. If so, I am sure the pleasure of living in the open air, with the sky for a roof and the ground for a table, is part of the same feeling; it is the savage returning to his wild and native habits. I always look back to our boat cruises and my land journeys, when through unfrequented countries, with an extreme delight, which no scenes of civilization could have created. I do not doubt that every traveller must remember the glowing sense of happiness which he experienced when he first breathed in a foreign clime, where the civilized man had seldom or never trod.

There are several other sources of enjoyment in a long voyage, which are of a more reasonable nature. The map of the world ceases to be a blank; it becomes a picture full of the most varied and animated figures. Each part assumes its proper dimensions: continents are not looked at in the light of islands, or islands considered as mere specks, which are, in truth, larger than many kingdoms of Europe. Africa, or North and South America, are well-sounding names, and easily pronounced; but it is not until having sailed for weeks along small portions of their shores that one is thoroughly convinced what vast spaces on our immense world these names imply.

From seeing the present state, it is impossible not to look forward with high expectations to the future progress of

nearly an entire hemisphere. The march of improvement, consequent on the introduction of Christianity throughout the South Sea, probably stands by itself in the records of history. It is the more striking when we remember that only sixty years since, Cook, whose excellent judgment none will dispute, could foresee no prospect of a change. Yet these changes have now been effected by the philanthropic spirit of the British nation.

In the same quarter of the globe Australia is rising, or indeed may be said to have risen, into a grand centre of civilization, which, at some not very remote period, will rule as empress over the southern hemisphere. It is impossible for an Englishman to behold these distant colonies without a high pride and satisfaction. To hoist the British flag, seems to draw with it, as a certain consequence, wealth, prosperity, and civilization.

In conclusion, it appears to me that nothing can be more improving to a young naturalist than a journey in distant countries. It both sharpens and partly allays that want and craving which, as Sir J. Herschel remarks, a man experiences. although every corporal sense be fully satisfied. The excitement from the novelty of objects, and the chance of success, stimulate him to increased activity. Moreover, as a number of isolated facts soon become uninteresting, the habit of comparison leads to generalization. On the other hand, as the traveller stays but a short time in each place, his descriptions must generally consist of mere sketches, instead of detailed observations. Hence arises, as I have found to my cost, a constant tendency to fill up the wide gaps of knowledge by inaccurate and superficial hypotheses.

But I have too deeply enjoyed the voyage, not to recommend any naturalist, although he must not expect to be so fortunate in his companions as I have been, to take all chances, and to start, on travels by land if possible, if otherwise on a long voyage. He may feel assured he will meet

with no difficulties or dangers, excepting in rare cases, nearly so bad as he beforehand anticipates. In a moral point of view, the effect ought to be, to teach him good-humoured patience, freedom from selfishness, the habit of acting for himself, and of making the best of every occurrence. In short, he ought to partake of the characteristic qualities of most sailors. Travelling ought also to teach him distrust; but at the same time he will discover how many truly kindhearted people there are, with whom he never before had, nor ever again will have any further communication, who yet are ready to offer him the most disinterested assistance.

NOTE. The snake, described at page 123, with the curious habit of vibrating its tail, is a new species of trigonocephalus, which M. Bibron proposes to call 7'. crepitans.

1891. June 4.

Dixon, greb.

Cold. a sudden

change from great

THE END.

heat.

INDEX.

Allan, Dr., on the diodon, 28; on Holu- BACHMAN, Mr., on carrion-hawks, 226.
thuriæ, 556.

Alluvium, stratified, in Andes, 381; salif- Bahia, Brazil, 25; scenery of, 591.

Ants in Brazil, 51; at Keeling Island, Basaltic platform of Santa Cruz, 221.

Bay of Islands, New Zealand, 500.
Beads, hill of, 184.

Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, 265.

Areas of alternate movements in the Beech-trees, 286, 339.

Birds of the Galapagos Archipelago, 455, Cape of Good Hope, 110.

Bones of the guanaco collected in certain Cattle, effects of their grazing on the
spots, 206.

Brewster, Sir D., on a calcareous deposit, Cavia Patagonica, 92.
23.

Bridge of hide, 318; of Incas, 404, 429.
Buckland, Dr., on fossils, 164.

Calcareous casts of branches and roots of Cladonia, 438.

trees at King George's Sound, 538.

Calcareous incrustations on rocks of As-
cension, 22.

Capybara, or carpincho, 68, 347; fossil Coleoptera in tropics, 50; out at sea, 196;