nervous, delicate, susceptible, and sickly persons, in certain states of their nervous systems, can see to read, though shut up in rooms rendered the darkest possible, and their eyes also bandaged so as to preclude all possibility of their seeing by their natural eyes, though not magnetized. This power is accounted for by the extreme susceptibility of their nervous system and senses, or by the influence of a most exalted state of the mentality—a state also approaching that spiritual condition ascribed to the soul after death. They also manifest many other powers even more surprising, and perfectly analogous to those of magnetic clairvoyants. Since, therefore, this clairvoyant phenomenon has become a matter of scientific experiment INDEPENDENTLY of magnetism, its existence in connection with magnetism is not so very unphilosophical or incredible. Moreover, this increase of the clairvoyant power as subjects approach death and a spiritual state, and the perfect analogy between this alleged clairvoyance before death, and the supposed state of the soul after death, is strong presumptive evidence of at least the POSSIBILITY of that clairvoyant state of the soul BEFORE death here contended for.

Besides, their ideas of the powers of the human soul must be rather limited who maintain that this alleged power is impossible. Is not the soul endowed with a spiritual entity in perfect keeping with this clairvoyant power? Phrenology says YES, by pointing out an organ or faculty, that of Spirituality, formerly called Marvelousness, the specific function of which is to confer on the soul that spiritual perception of truth, that waking clairvoyance, for which we here contend. To show how completely phrenological philosophy sustains clairvoyance, it is necessary to analyze the organ of Spirituality; and as this is indispensable to a complete view of our argument, we will suspend it, to give place to such analysis.* This series of articles will be continued throughout this volume, and this most interesting inquiry, the possibility and utility of clairvoyance, as well as means of securing it, will be considered.

A Scotch newspaper of the year 1777, gives the following as an extract of a letter from Lanark :-"Old William Douglass and his wife are lately dead; you know that he and his wife were born on the same day, within the same hour, that they were constant companions, till nature inspired them with love and friendship; and at the age of nineteen were married with the consent of their parents, and at the church where they were christened. These are not the whole of the circumstances attending this extraordinary pair. They never knew a day's sickness, until the day before their deaths; and the day on which they died, they were exactly one hundred years old.

*This article was written for the December number, and designed to PRECEDE the analysis of Spirituality as given in that number, but was accidentally overlooked, much to our regret, because it was promised, and Spirituality was selected for analysis in that number expressly to accompany this article. Still, as this number will be sent to all our old subscribers, they will obtain this article.

ARTICLE VIII.

THE ORGANISM OF THE TEMPERAMENTS AS INDICATING CHARACTER.

THAT cerebral size, other conditions being equal, is a measure of the mental power, is a fully established principle of nature in general, and of Phrenology in particular. Yet that these other conditions also greatly increase or diminish this power, though the size remains the same, is equally an ordinance of nature. Thus, as large sticks of wood are, in the aggregate, stronger than small ones, yet a small one of hickory is stronger than a large one of poplar or willow, so smaller sized brains, with an active and powerful organization, will often PERFORM more than larger ones where the temperament is sluggish. This law all phrenologists have recognized, yet none of them have done any thing like justice. to these "other conditions."

The Journal, in nearly every character it delineates, deduces more or less of its conclusions from the organism; yet it has nowhere set apart room expressly to present this subject in a consecutive manner. This it now proposes to do, in the series of articles of which this is the introduction. The occupancy of this number with other introductory articles, allows us room only to show what we DESIGN to do in this series of artieles; namely, to take up this whole subject of the influences of various organic conditions on the character, and lay down rules for their observ.

ance.

Besides noticing the influence of the organism on the activity and power of the brain and phrenological organs, we shall show that certain physiological structures give one direction or tone to the organs, and others other casts; that is, one temperament gives Combativeness a low, animal turn, and another a high moral direction, though the size may be equal in both cases. With one organic structure, Causality manifests itself upon MATTER, in adapting PHYSICAL ways and means to the attainment of material ends; while the same sized Causality, combined with another temperament, takes a mental and moral direction, and reasons upon man's higher relations. Acquisitiveness, combined with an animal temperament, desires property of the grosser kinds; while the same sized Acquisitiveness, with a fine-grained organism, loves and seeks intellectual riches and moral acquirements, and also books, mineralogical, geological, phrenological, and like specimens and apparatus, which promote intellectual and moral riches. The different tones and directions given to Amativeness, by the different organizations, is even more strikingsome rendering it coarse, low, animal, sensual, corrupting, and debased, while others purify and elevate it above sensuality, and give it a high,

spiritual, and refined cast of manifestation. And thus of Constructiveness, Veneration, Approbativeness, Self-Esteem, and all the other organs. To know WHAT temperaments give what directions to the faculties, and then to know how to distinguish these temperaments, is really one of the most important points connected with phrenological science. This new field of physiological inquiry we shall occupy, in this series of articles. It will be closely allied to, and a virtual continuation of, the articles entitled "SIGNS OF CHARACTER, as deduced from the Physiology, Physiognomy, etc.," embodied in the last volume. Indeed, that series was written to prepare the way for this, and the two ought to be read in connection with each other.

Again, certain sets of organs are large, and others small, in connection with certain temperaments. This point will also be explained.

The old naming of Lymphatic, Bilious, Sanguine, and Nervous, is inexpressive and inappropriate, and even conveys erroneous ideas. Hence we shall adopt a new classification and naming of the temperaments, specific, expressive, and every way an improvement. The great law we shall develop is TEXTURE as influencing character, and SHAPE as indicating texture, and therefore character. This will of course embody that most interesting of all subjects, PHYSIOGNOMY, and also the physiology, as influencing and indicating the amount, and also the tone and direction, of the mentality. We hope to render this subject SPECIALLY interesting and important, alike to the student of nature in general, and human nature in particular, and doubly so to phrenologists. It will be amply illustrated with engravings.

ARTICLE IX.

PHRENOLOGICAL SOCIETIES-THEIR

ORGANIZATION, AND THE BEST MODE

OF CONDUCTING THEM.-NUMBER I.

ASSOCIATION is one of the first laws of the human constitution. "Union is strength," and division weakness. Concert is power, isolation is inefficiency. No two minds are constituted exactly alike. All look at a given subject in as many different aspects as there are different individual observers. All may, however, be right, yet each may see some point which has escaped all the others, and every one draw some inference which has occurred to none of the others. This law of diversity is one of the most beneficial laws of our being, as from it proceeds all those different inventions and discoveries recently made in science and the arts, and prepares the way for that interchange of ideas and feelings among men, which is every way so delightful in itself, and so promotive of human progression; because, but for such diversity, all would take

the same views of all subjects, so that one could say nothing not thought of by all others.

But, to confer its full benefits, this diversity of thought, sentiment, and knowledge, must be INTERCHANGED. Hence the necessity of SOCIETIes, which are as indispensable to man as food or clothing. Without this confluence of thought and feeling, human progress would be almost imperceptible. This ASSOCIATING law of our nature, as simple as it is effectual, brings mankind together, and thus disseminates whatever improvements each individual may make throughout the group, perhaps throughout the human family. Mankind cannot commune with one another too much, or too intimately. We may even associate with the wicked without injury to ourself, if on our guard; and thereby, elevate and improve them, because of the natural superiority of goodness over depravity. But, societies composed of the intellectual and moral, and formed for purposes of mutual improvement, exceed, for utility and delight, almost all other means of human happiness and progression. Of this, all are practical witnesses who have ever tried the experiment; yet, unfortunately, the great SECRET of such utility and delight is little understood, and less practiced, by such societies. One fatal error incorporated into most of them, is a kind of FORCED attendance in the form of fines and penalties for non-attendance. Now this forced association is worse than none. If the pleasure and profit taken in their meetings are not sufficient to bring them together, their room is better than their company. Make such meetings ATTRACTIVE this is the only way to keep them up. Do this by EXCITING THE HIGHER FACULTIES, and, at the appointed hour, every member will be in his place, unless prevented by the most dire necessity. Consequently, INSTITUTE NO FINES, but allow members to come or stay at pleasure.

Of all bases for the formation of delightful and profitable associations, Phrenology furnishes the very best. That all true phrenologists cordially love one another, is an experimental fact. And well they may, not only because this science so effectually imbues its disciples with the love-one-another spirit, but besides accounting for and overlooking many of the usual causes of discord and animosity, it makes them LOVE their RACE, and join in one common cause in its restoration, progression, and improvement; and this unites them by the strongest possible bond of union. Consequently, the strongest desire exists among phrenologists for fraternal intercommunion, and for the formation of both individual socie. ties, and of one grand central organization. To facilitate such association and organization, this series of articles will be continued in this volume, and the means of rendering them attractive and profitable presented. With this we present a skeleton form of organization for societies; yet these forms are of little account, so that the SPIRIT is there.

We therefore close by exhorting phrenologists to appoint primary

meetings, preparatory to a more specific and complete organization, and also to some general organization throughout the length and breadth of our land:

CONSTITUTION.
ARTICLE I.

PHRENOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

SECTION 1.-This Society shall be called the SECTION 2.-The objects of this Society shall be the advancement of the science of Phrenology, and the promotion of intercourse among Phrenologists, by meetings for the reading of papers, the exhibition of casts, busts, and other illustrative specimens, and by discussions and investigations; to point out the importance of Phrenology, as the true philosophy of mind, and its several applications in education, self-improvement, jurisprudence, and medicine; to correct misrepresentations respecting the science, and to awaken a more extended and lively interest in its cultivation.

ARTICLE II.

SECTION 1.-The Officers of this Society shall consist of a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and a Board of three Trustees, who shall be elected annually. SECTION 2.-This Society sha!! have power to determine the duties of its officers, and the duration of their terms of office.

ARTICLE III.

SECTION 1.-The Society may admit to membership any individual of good moral character, on being recommended (in writing) by a member of the Society.

SECTION 2.-Applications for memberships must be made at the monthly or semimonthly meeting.

SECTION 3.-Any persons on being elected, and taking their seats as members of this Society, shall sign the Constitution and By-Laws, and pay to the Treasurer the sum of as an initiation fee.

SECTION 4.-Five members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. SECTION 5.-The Society shall have power to levy such contributions as may be deemed necessary to carry into effect the objects of this Society.

SECTION 6.-Any member of this Society may be expelled by a vote of a majority of all its members.

SECTION 7.-This Constitution, or any clause thereof, shall not be abolished, altered, or amended, except by a vote of two thirds of all the members.

BY-LAWS.

I.—The stated meetings of the Society shall be held on Tuesday evening of every week.

II. The election of Officers shall be annually, on the first Tuesday of January, and by ballot; a majority electing, and in case of a tie, the presiding officer shall give the casting vote.

III.-It shall be the duty of the President to preside at each meeting, preserve order, regulate the debates, decide all questions of order, and propose questions for discussion, in case no question is before the meeting.

IV. The President, with the concurrence of the Vice-President, shall have power to call Special Meetings of the Society, by giving due notice thereof.

V.-It shall be the duty of the President, and in case of his absence, the presiding officer, at each stated meeting of the Society, to appoint some member whose duty it shall be, at the next succeeding meeting, to read a paper on PHRENOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, or some of the NATURAL SCIENCES. It shall also be the duty of the President, at the expiration of his term of office, to present to the Association à synopsis of the proceedings of the Society during his term of office.

VI.-It shall be the duty of the Vice-President, in the absence of the President, to perform his duties; and in case of the absence of both, a President pro tem. shall be chosen, whose duties for the time being shall be those of the President.

VII. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep a record of the proceedings of each meeting; to read the proceedings of the preceding meeting; give notice to all the members of each meeting; and all the names of each as they may be admitted, and keep and preserve all records and documents belonging to the Society.

VIII. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to keep a regular and correct account of monetary matters appertaining to the Society; to collect all money due the Society by members or otherwise; to pay all orders signed by the President: and further, it