ed literally to rise from their purple beds, and, putting on their crowns of gold, to send up hallelujahs almost audible."

Nearly four years he now passed in Italy, principally in Rome. In that sad but beautiful land, in that wondrous city where art and history have clustered their treasures, with the most gifted of his own countrymen, and the artists of Europe, his existence was like a blissful dream. The climate, associations, the arts, and the ruins around him, perfectly accorded with his intellectual wants. How intensely they were appreciated is evident in his story of "Monaldi," a book which would have made a reputation for any other man. The faithfulness of descriptions interspersed throughout the volume every one will recognize, who has looked upon those scenes with feeling and discernment: while his discussions on art, the history of human passions, and female loveliness, are dramatic and profound.

Here he met Coleridge, and we can imagine how the hours passed beneath that sky, amid those ruins, statues, and olive groves, winged by the fluent wisdom and noble sympathy of two such beings. He studied in a private academy with Vanderlyn and with Thorvalsden, whose name has since that day been inscribed upon the temple of sculpture which will last forever. He passes the following high eulogium upon the author of the Ancient Mariner: "To no other man whom I have known, do I owe so much, INTELLECTUALLY, as to Mr. Coleridge, with whom I became acquainted in Rome, and who has honored me with his friendship for more than five-and-twenty years. He used to call Rome the SILENT city; but I never could think of it as such while with him; for meet him when or where I would, the fountain of his mind was never dry; but like the far-reaching aqueducts, that once supplied this mistress of the world, its living streams seemed specially to flow for every classic ruin over which we wandered. And when I recall some of our walks under the pines of the villa Borghese, I am almost tempted to dream that I had once listened to Plato in the groves of the Academy. It was there he taught me this goldenrule-never to judge of any work of art by its defects; a rule as wise as benevolent, and one that, while it has spared me much pain, has widened my sphere of pleasure."

As a proof of estimation in which Allston was held in Rome, Prof. Wier, of West Point, who was studying in that city many years after Allston had left, says, that the artists of Rome inquired of him about an American painter, for whom they had no name but the American Titian. When Wier mentioned Allston's name, they exclaimed, "that's the man." I have heard celebrated European artists say they believed no painter's coloring, for two hundred years, has so closely resembled Titian's.

Allston thus speaks of his most celebrated pictures, omitting many of his beautiful works: "I will mention only a few of the principal, which I painted during my first visit to England, viz.: The Dead Man,'* etc.; The Angel liberating St. Peter from Prison.' This picture was painted for Sir George Beaumont (the figures larger than life), and is now in a church at Ashby de la Zouch. 'Jacob's Dream,' in the possession of the Earl of Egremont. There are many figures in this picture, which I have always considered one of my happiest efforts. Elijah in the Desert.' This I brought to America, but it has gone back, having been purchased here by Mr. Labouchere, M. P. The • Angel Uriel in the Sun,' in the possession of the Marquis of Stafford. This is a colossal fore-shortened figure, that if standing UPRIGHT would be fourteen feet high, but, being fore-shortened, occupies a space of but nine feet. The Directors of the British Gallery presented me with a hundred and fifty guineas, as a token of their approbation of Uriel.' Since my return to America, I

*The "Dead Man" won the first prize of two hundred guineas from the British Institution, and the painter could have sold it for a large sum. But a fortunate occurrence brought it to this country. Mr. McMurtie, of Philadelphia, proposed to Allston to put the picture into his hands, and the Pennsylvania Academy paid for it $3,500-hardly a tithe of its real value.

have painted a number of pictures, but chiefly small ones.

I shall mention only a few of the larger ones, viz.: Jeremiah dictating his Prophecy to Baruch, the Scribe;' the figures as large as life. 'Saul and the Witch of Endor,' and Spalatro's Vision of the Bloody Hand.'"

The personal appearance of Allston was remarkable. His figure was slight, and his action significant of spiritual grace. His long hair hung carelessly about his neck. His face was small, and actually ploughed over with a kind of nervous ruggedness, finely illustrated in his bust by Clevenger. His eyes were large and lustrous, and the first sight of the painter made the stranger feel that he was a remarkable man. Even as he glided in his unpretending way along the street, there was an abstractive, an unearthly air about him, that often made the careless stop--and yet there never was a gifted man so utterly free from all consciousness of superiority. His mind was fixed, not on his reputation, but on that exalted standard of excellence toward which he earnestly pressed. He thirsted for a satisfaction which praise and consideration never yield. And who that knew him can ever forget the graces of his social character-the simple hospitality with which he welcomed the visitor-the unaffected interest with which he entered into the feelings and prospects of every votary of art— his sweet encouragement to the young-his ardent sympathy with every form of beauty and of truth-his winning recognition of nature under every disguise, and of honest worth, however unacknowledged? Add to all this a beautiful self-respect and childlike frankness, and nothing is wanting to win the hearts of the gifted and the generous.

A friend of Allston tells me a hundred touching stories about him. Here is one: "While in England, he threw off a little painting of great beauty-the subject of which, though perfectly free, to his own perception, from all moral objection, might be perverted to evil associations. The idea occurred to him while sitting alone the evening he had sent it to the purchaser. No sooner did the impression seize him, than, with conscientious sensibility to the high claims of his art, he wrote the owner of the picture, stating his scruples, begging its return. His desire was reluctantly granted. He sent back the gold with his thanks, and burned the picture." And yet the painter was poor, and needed money in that solitude of London. The artist who KNEW these facts, had known Allston for years. He says that when he looked on him after this sublime act, notwithstanding his familiarity with the painter, he was struck with a sudden veneration.

His conversation often tinged itself with the colorings of the spiritual world, and the few who were admitted into the tabernacle of his faith, bear witness to its exalted character. A life of earnest communion with the true and the beautiful, enabled him to speak of their mysteries as "one having authority." Never, we are told, was his language more significant, clear, and spiritual, than on the night of his death. This event was very unexpected. He had painted all day, and, with unusual cheerfulness, talked away the evening with his kindred. At a late hour he complained of a pain in his breast, to which he had been occasionally subject. His wife * (a sister to Dana, the poet,) left the room to bring some remedy, which had proved serviceable on former occasions. When she returned, he was leaning back in his chair apparently in a doze. She touched his shoulder; his eyes opened with a calm, sweet expression, and closed again; he sighed gently, and ceased to breathe. Thus was softly loosened the tie that bound that gifted and pure spirit to mortal life. He passed away in the full activity and consciousness of his powers, without any struggle or decay.

MAGNETISM A SCIENCE.-Mr. I. I. Keely, magnetizer, has proved, in a law suit, that it is a science, and compelled the authorities of Columbus, Ohio, to pay him back forty-three dollars, which they charge for a license to lecturers upon subjects not of a scientific nature.-EXTRACTED.

*This was his second wife. His first wife was a sister of the late Dr. Channing,

ARTICLE LXVI.

THE ORGANISM OR TEMPERAMENTS AS INDICATING CHARACTER.-NO. IV.

In the present number we give the views of George Combe, with his illustrations on the temperaments, together with the views of the celebrated Dr. Thomas, of Paris, translated by Dr. Andrew Combe.

It will be seen that Mr. Combe recognizes FOUR DISTINCT temperaments, instead of three. Mr. Combe says:

tent.

"The question naturally presents itself, Do we possess any index to constitutional qualities of brain? The temperaments indicate them to a certain exThere are four temperaments, accompanied with different degrees of activity in the brain-the Lymphatic, the Sanguine, the Bilious, and the Nervous. The temperaments are supposed to depend upon the constitution of particular systems of the body: the brain and nerves being predominantly active from constitutional causes, seem to produce the nervous temperament; the lungs, heart, and blood-vessels being constitutionally predominant, to give rise to the sanguine; the muscular and fibrous systems to the bilious; and the glands and assimilating organs to the lymphatic.

"The different temperaments are indicated by external signs, which are open to observation. The first, or lymphatic, is distinguishable by a round form of the body, softness of the muscular system, repletion of the cellular tissue, fair hair, and a pale skin. It is accompanied by languid vital actions, with weakness, and slowness in the circulation. The brain, as part of the system, is also slow, languid, and feeble in its action, and the mental manifestations are proportionally weak.

"The second, or sanguine temperament, is indicated by well-defined forms, moderate plumpness of person, tolerable firmness of flesh, light hair inclining to chestnut, blue eyes, and fair complexion, with ruddiness of countenance. It is marked by great activity of the blood-vessels, fondness for exercise, and an animated countenance. The brain partakes of the general state, and is active. The bilious temperament is recognized by black hair, dark skin, moderate fulness and much firmness of flesh, with harshly expressed outline of the person. The functions partake of great energy of action, which extends to the brain; and the countenance, in consequence, shows strong, marked, and decided features.

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"The nervous temperament is recognized by fine thin hair, thin skin, small thin muscles, quickness in muscular motion, paleness of countenance, and often delicate health. The whole nervous system, including the brain, is predominantly active, and the mental manifestations are proportionally vivacious."

Dr. Thomas observes:

"On looking at the animal system, we find it to consist of three great groups of organs, each group performing distinct functions, but all the parts of each so far analogous as to contribute to one general end. The first group is that contained in the cavity of the cranium, and the general function which it performs is to carry on, or rather to manifest, all the operations of the mind, to constitute the seat of sensation, and to supply nervous energy to, and to direct the movements of, all parts of the body. It is composed of many distinct parts, performing as many distinct functions; but all these, from a general similarity, may be regarded as belonging to the same genus, and may therefore be classed together. The second group is that contained in the cavity of the thorax, and it includes chiefly the lungs and the heart, having for their functions the pro

cesses of sanguification and circulation, which also have a general resemblance in their object. The third group is that contained in the cavity of the abdomen, including the stomach, liver, spleen, bowels, etc.; each also differing from the other, but all concurring to effect the conversion of food into chyle, and the separation and excretion of the superfluous or injurious particles from the system.

“1. The mixed temperament. Every body can tell in a moment whether the head, the chest, and the abdomen, are well proportioned. In this division individuals apparently very dissimilar are classed. They may be tall or short, stout or thin, beautiful or ugly; but they all agree in having a just proportion in the volume and energy of the encephalic, thoracic, and abdominal organs. This is the essential character of this temperament.

"2. The cranial or encephalic temperament is distinguished by the relatively large head, open facial angle, moderately developed thorax and abdomen, and spare form; denoting great energy of passion, sentiment, and intellect, with less thoracic and abdominal activity. This variety is found highly developed in those great men who have rendered themselves illustrious either by their talents, their virtues, or their vices; viz., in the cruelest tyrants, chiefs of sects, great authors, Cataline, Tiberius, Brutus, Aristotle, Cicero, Pascal, Pope, Tasso, Molière, Voltaire, Rousseau, etc., all of whom, according to their historians, were meagre and spare, and remarkable for the predominance of the encephalic over the thoracic and abdominal organs.

"It is in this class of constitutions that we find men fitted for great deeds, and who raise themselves to eminence and renown in spite of every disadvantage. But we must not confound the essential with the occasional, and suppose that the encephalic are always remarkable for great or noble pursuits. They may predominate either in intellect, in propensity, or in sentiment; but although the particular character will then be different, the essential always remains, that mental energy of some kind will show itself. Thus, one individual with a very powerful cerebral organization will pass his days and nights, and employ all his faculties and passions, on things of little importance; he will reason continually, cry, agitate, and write against his brethren; while another engaged in commerce will expend all his energy on details; but both will be remarkable for energy, and the difference will be merely, that it is energy directed to different objects.

"3. The thoracic temperament is characterized by a small head and a limited abdomen, contrasting with a voluminous and powerful chest. It is about puberty that the thoracic organs begin to increase considerably. The thoracic constitution fits a man for fatigue and labor, and is seen in boxers in great perfection. Health with this temperament is robust, and diseases are inflammatory.

"4. The abdominal is easily recognized by the large protuberant abdomen, broad pelvis, and abundant development of the cellular substance over the whole body and limbs. Chyle is formed in large quantity and transformed into fat. The individual is slow in his movements, and his strength and mind are concentrated in his abdomen; he eats, drinks, and sleeps alternately.

"5. The cranio-thoracic is known by the head and chest being relatively much larger than the abdomen, and by its powerful dense muscles, and moral and physical force.

"6. The cranio-abdominal presents the head and abdomen largely developed, and a chest small and contracted. The muscles are moderate in size, and plentifully interspersed with cellular substance, whence arise the rounded form and softness of the female.

“7. The thoracico-abdominal presents the small head and ample thorax and abdomen, with large muscles, bones, and cellular membrane. It is well fitted for patient endurance of fatigue. It is more frequent in Asia and Africa than in America or Europe.

"Different temperaments enjoy very different degrees of health, and are subject to different kinds of disease. The marked encephalic is very prone to