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shall be his duty, at the expiration of his term of office, to present the Society a written report of all his actings and doings, in his official capacity.

IX.-It shall be the duty of the Secretary to write and answer all letters and communications on behalf of the Society.

X.-It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees, upon order of the Society, to report, from time to time, the character and cost of such books, casts, and busts, and other matters as they may deem of desirable requisition to the Society. It shall also be their duty to provide a room, and have it suitably furnished for the meetings of the Society.

XI.-Any person possessing the requisite qualifications, and complying with the provisions of the Constitution, may become a member of this Society, by a vote of two thirds of the members present.

XII.-Any gentleman of eminence in either of the professions, or who is a member of any learned or scientific body, residing within the county, may, by a vote of two thirds of the members present, be admitted to honorary membership.

XIII.-Ladies may be admitted as honorary members, by a vote of two thirds of all the members present.

XIV. It shall require a vote of two thirds of all the members to alter or amend the above By-Laws.

For the American Phrenological Journal.

ARTICLE X.

CAUSALITY, CONSTRUCTIVENESS, PERCEPTIVE POWERS, BENEVO

LENCE.

FULTON'S WELCOME.

THE Minstrel stood among a spirit-throng
That fill the second sphere.-His poet-ken
Had told him that another mighty soul,
Who bowed brute matter to his subtle will,
Was on his way to join the band of those
Who in substantial life look in the heart
Of things, and show their use-o'ermastering
By art all stubborn forms.-The Minstrel thus
Gave his glad welcome utterance, and the sphere
Put on a glow respondent to its joy,

And one vast rainbow arched the echoing sky.

THE WELCOME.

1.

O triumph! O triumph, thou Hero, at last!
For the fetter of clay from the spirit is cast.

Thou art loosed from a planet of tombs!
Thou art bending thy course to a planet of light,
Where the weary will rest, and the cloudiest night,
Shining down with a lustre unchangeably bright,
In the lap of Eternity blooms.

II.

How grand was thy mission! For thine was the deed
To give to the slow-moving vessel a speed

That shall bridge, as by magic, the Sea:

'Twas thine to exclaim, in a fresh-peopled clime, "Up! Giant of Steam, and anticipate Time! Plant! plant in the wilderness Learning sublime, And clear a wide home for the Free."

III.

Great Poet in Action! unflinching and brave!
Thou uttered thine Iliad in steam on the wave,

And its song shall be caught by the Deep:

Behold the leviathans-ships bearing home

The full wealth of all climes o'er the white-heaving foam :
Thou wing'd them with lightning! how fearless they roam
Where the storms of the equinox sweep!

Man

IV.

gave thee no laurel-man gave thee no gold: By thy coffin no dirges, melodious, rolled—

For Martyrs must brighten the Earth.

What mattered the jeer! and what mattered the door
Of the vulgar rich man shut to thee and the poor!
O, thou Hero of Science! thy battle is o'er,

And soon shall the world know thy worth.

V

Each city that stands in the land of the Free
Shall appear as a monument soaring to thee,

And Science shall cherish thy fame.

When the lightning shall leap from the skies to the wire;
When the iron roads shake beneath horses of fire-
Then, to thee, Pioneer, shall the Earth sound a lyre,
And continents echo thy name.

VI.

For Benevolence kindled thy spirit! Behold
The long waves of Humanity ceaselessly rolled
Where a wilderness cumbers the sod:

Improvement shall melt the rough chains from the Race,
Morality shine like a sun on each place,

And man fed and clothed, and the Victor of Space,

Shall be able to worship his God.

VII.

Then triumph! O triumph! thou Hero, at last!
For the fetter of clay from the spirit is cast.

Thou art loosed from a planet of tombs!

Thou art bending thy course to a planet of light,
Where the weary will rest, and the cloudiest night,

Shining down with a lustre unchangeably bright,

In the lap of Eternity blooms.

WILLIAM WALLACE.

MISCELLANY.

CHEAP POSTAGE AND FRIENDLY CORRESPONDENCE.

ROWLAND HILL, the author of the English penny postage system, began this great reform by showing the people that it cost no more to transport a letter a thousand miles than one mile, nor to carry a thousand letters than one letter; because no more offices for reception or delivery are required, and because the additional weight is too small to be appreciated, while the good effected is incalculable. Probably no reform of modern times compares with this in its destined utility; because MIND is the man, and the great instrumentality of enjoyment, so that its cultivation is the greatest earthly good, and few things improve the mind equally with committing thoughts to paper. This, cheap postage greatly promotes, and thus most effectually subserves mental discipline. To write what we never expect will be read, is rather dull work; and to obtrude our writings upon those around us, is obnoxious to one of a cultivated mind; but to sit down to write to friends what we know they will be rejoiced to read, is most delightful. Men love to COMMUNICATE, and especially to interchange thoughts and feelings with those they LOVE; and when they cannot converse face to face, such communion on paper is most agreeable and beneficial to both parties. Now, the great barrier to such intercommunion is its cost, and this correspondence will be promoted in the exact ratio of its cheapness. CHEAP POSTAGE Will therefore promote mental discipline, and the public good, more effectually than probably any other means.

Another most important advantage of cheap postage is, that by promoting the reciprocity of good feeling, it will BIND MAN TO MAN in one common brotherhood. This is precisely what a republic requires. For, as it is based, not in power, but in mutual concord and harmony, no one thing promotes its stability or utility as effectually as cheap postage, both letter and literary. A FREE mail would be the greatest public good, and even governmental policy, that our aation could adopt.

Yet the leading thought we would impress is, the PERSONAL advantages of writing, and our advice, especially to the young, is—write much, nor allow the trifling cost of communing with your friends to deprive you of so great a means of good.

FAMINE STATISTICS.

“WHAT snall we eat," is destined ultimately to become an all-absorbing question, the practical solution of which will engross much of the philosophy and experience of mankind. Population, undevastated by wars, doubles about every thirty years. Taking, then, the earth's present population for our basis, we shall see that it will require, at most, only a few centuries to crowd it full of human beings. Now if famines, as fatal as stated in the following list, occur while the population is so sparce, compared with what it will become, how much

more frequent and direful will they be when the earth becomes filled, to its utmost capacity, with teeming myriads, every one of whom must be fed daily! It is true that wars, by withdrawing husbandmen from agriculture, have aggravated these famines, and that wars must soon cease, so that this cause of famine will ere long be obviated. Much waste land also remains to be cleared and cultivated, and discoveries of various kinds will soon redouble, many times over, the earth's productiveness. Yet, notwithstanding all these and kindred counteracting causes, "what shall we KAT," is finally to become a paramount question, especially if two or three unproductive seasons should then, as now, follow each other. We quote the following statistics, however, more to direct attention to this subject, than to answer the question it involves.

“The great famine which lasted seven years, 1708, B. C.; at Rome, when many persons threw themselves into the Tiber, 450, B. C.; in Britain, so that the inhabitants ate the bark of trees, 270, A. D.; one in Scotland, where thousands were starved, A. D. 306; in England and Wales 40,000 were starved, A. D. 310; all over Britain, 325: at Constantinople, 446; in Italy, where parents ate their children, A. D. 450; in Scotland, 576; all over England, Wales and Scotland, 739; another in Wales, 747; in Wales and Scotland, 792; again in Scotland, 803; again in Scotland, when thousands were starved, 823; a severe famine in Wales, 836; in Scotland which lasted four years, 954; famines in England, A. D., 964, 974, 976, 1005; in Scotland, which lasted two years, 1047; in England, 1050, 1087; in England and France, from 1193 to 1195; in England, 1257, 1315, 1318, 1335, 1348; in England and France, 1358; in England, 1389 and 1438, so great that bread was made of fern root; in 1656, £2,000,000 were expended in the importation of corn; one in 1748; another in 1798; in the province of Vellore, in 1810, by which 7,000 people perished; in the diocess of Drontheim, in Norway, in consequence of the intercepting of supplies by Sweden, 6,000 persons perished,

1813.

LECTURES ON PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY. BY MR. HENRY WISNER.We copy the following from the GUERNSEY (O.) TIMES, of recent date, with which we fully concur. Mr. Wisner is an energetic, persevering, and eminently worthy young man. He enters into the spirit of Phrenology with his whole soul, and has done much toward advancing the science in Ohio, as well as in New England. We hope our friends will not be backward in giving him the right hand of fellowship. We hope to hear from him frequently.

LECTURES ON PHRENOLOGY.

At the close of a series of interesting lectures on the subjects of Phrenology and Physiology, delivered in our place by Mr. H. WISNER, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted, by the large and intelligent audience in attendance:

Resolved, That we have listened to the lectures of Mr. Wisner on the important subjects of Phrenology and Physiology, for several nights in succession, with deepening interest, and with profit, and do consider him eminently qualified to present these subjects in their true light.

Resolved, That we regard the practical demonstration he has given the audience, during his course of lectures, by the delineation of character, in the examination of craniums, as strongly confirmatory of the science of Phrenology. Resolved, That we hereby recommend Mr. Wisner to the intelligent citizens of those places he may hereafter visit, as a gentleman every way worthy their confidence and patronage.

For the American Phrenological Journal.

KNOWING that you wish to make your Journal a depository of facts that indicate the progress of science—especially of those sciences to which you have 'particularly devoted yourself—it has occurred to me that a brief notice respecting Mesmerism in India would be acceptable to you. I should think that Mesmerism is attracting more attention in India at the present time than in any other part of the world. Scarcely a paper now comes to hand in which are not recorded some MESMERIC facts; and-what is a little in advance, I think, of you in America-the government have introduced it into their medical college at Calcutta. The following notice I copy from a late paper:

"We are happy to learn that the passed students of the medical college will be required henceforward to attend the mesmeric hospital for two months, to study practical Mesmerism under Dr. Esdaile, previously to their receiving their appointments in public service."

Dr. Esdaile, above alluded to, has, by order of the supreme government, lately issued a report of mesmeric practice. The facts he brings to view, are regarded as of very great importance in relation to medical science. This importance relates to the power of Mesmerism to render insensible under surgical operations, rather than to clairvoyance. In his report, Dr. Esdaile says, that of 130 cases, all but seven were rendered entirely insensible, and there were only two cases in which he failed to produce the mesmeric sleep. He thinks Mesmerism will never be superseded by ether. But it is the fact that government have introduced it into their medical college, that I wished to communicate. How long before medical institutions in our country will give that subject the attention which its importance demands?

Yours very truly,

E. BURGESS.

MARRIAGE OF BLOOD RELATIONS.-The "Cincinnati Commercial" says that, a few days since, three blind youths, from the town of Union, Montgomery county, Ohio, were sent to the Asylum for the Blind, at Columbus. These youths are brothers; and in the family, which consists of eight members, five are in this melancholy condition. The cause of this almost unheard-of calamity is said to be the frequent intermarriage of near blood-relatives in the family. This same cause is said to have produced, in the noble families in the south of Europe, a most degenerate and idiotic race. For further particulars on this subject, see “ Hereditary Descent."

AN INTELLIGENT AND PHILANTHROPIC correspondent writes us as follows: "I find your journal a most welcome monthly visitor, and the people in our vicinity (most of them, at least) think Phrenology The one thing needful; although a few cry Infidelity,' etc., etc. As well might the spider attempt to stay, with its frail web, the MIGHTY NIAGARA. God's truth WILL prevail.”

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"IN the whole course of my life, I never knew one man, of whatever condition, arrive to any degree of reputation or elevation in the world, who made choice of, or delighted in, the company or conversation of those who, in their parts, were not much superior to himself."—Lord Clarendon.

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