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who performed these wonderful cures would have been regarded as an angel. When St. Paul at Lystra (some eighteen miles southsouthwest of Konia, the ancient Iconium which was the easternmost city of Phrygia) cured a man who had never walked, having been a cripple from his mother's womb, the people said, The gods have come down to us in the likeness of men, and they called Paul: Mercurius, and his companion, Barnabas, Jupiter (Acts 14, 8–12). In cases of hysterical paralysis wonderful cures may be effected even. by quacks and charlatans. In hysteria we generally find an increased susceptibility to external suggestion, and the paroxysmal symptoms may be dispelled by suggestion. Hysteria, or neuromimesis, is essentially a lack of inhibitory power, and something particularly nasty or dreaded may induce sufficient inhibitory power. A hysterical fit may be prevented or checked if the patient is threatened with something particularly disagreeable.

One of my medical friends told me that, when he was resident physician at a sanatorium for nervous diseases, he would often tell a nurse who came to him in despair, because one of the female patients had a hysterical fit, Call in another nurse, and tell her to prepare an ice-cold bath; say, If the fit lasts much longer, we must put her in an ice-cold bath and keep her there. This generally resulted in the speedy disappearance of all symptoms. While a patient is unconscious in an epileptic fit, there is no loss of consciousness in a hysterical seizure. Psychotherapeutic measures are more valuable than drugs. Some thirty years ago there was in a wellknown European sanatorium a married woman who was so hysterical that the physician-in-chief finally whipped her. There may have been some sadistic inclination on the part of the doctor, and masochism on the part of the patient. But she was cured. The doctor was sentenced to several months in jail, but there were a number of petitions with a great many signatures, urging the authorities to pardon the energetic healer, or at least permit him to pay a fine instead of sending him to jail. He paid the fine, and could well afford to do so, because so many husbands sent their hysterical Dice, a former cowboy and house painter, now known as the Miracle Man of York (Pa.), was treating blindness with the "tears" of a sea-monster."

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wives to his hospital that he had to build two additions. He did not put the liver and the heart of a fish on embers of incense: instead of valerian, which O. W. Holmes called calmer of hysteric squirms, he used ungebrannte Asche," and Asmodeus was with a vengeance sent post to Egypt, there fast bound.

This has about the same meaning as our phrase a rod in a pickle, French une raclée, une volée de coups de bâton. Cf. Grimm's "Wörterbuch," vol. 1, p. 581 (ein Prügel wird volkmässig umschrieben durch ungebrannte Asche) and Sanders, p. 50.

A NEW HOPLOPHONEUS FROM THE TITANOTHERIUM

BEDS.

INVESTIGATION AIDED BY A GRANT FROM THE MARSH FUND OF THE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

BY WILLIAM J. SINCLAIR.

(Read April 22, 1921.)

Comparatively little prospecting was done by the Princeton 1920 expedition to South Dakota in the Titanotherium beds, but as a byproduct of some studies on the contact between this formation and the Oreodon beds the specimen described herewith was found, which is interesting both as the oldest representative of the genus Hoplophoneus and as a higher type of specialization in the development of the chin flange than is found in the various species of this sabertooth from the Oreodon beds. If Hoplophoneus mentalis is ancestral to Eusmilus dakotensis from the Protoceras beds, as seems possible, perhaps we have here an illustration of a case of survival of the fittest adaptation, with dying out of the shorter-chinned mutants of the Oreodon beds, in which less adequate protection was afforded by the chin flange to the long upper saber-teeth.

2/1

FIG. 1. Hoplophoneus mentalis, type specimen, side view of the left half of the lower jaw, two thirds natural size, No. 12515.

HOPLOPHONEUS MENTALIS sp. nov.

Type No. 12515, Princeton University Geological Museum, collecting locality 1015AI, left ramus of the lower jaw with the canine and third and fourth premolars in place (Fig. 1), secured by the 1920 South Dakota expedition from the uppermost levels of the Titanotherium beds (Chadron formation), two to two and one half feet below the thin local bed of white limestone at the contact between the Chadron and Brule formations (Oreodon beds), and two and a half to three feet above titanothere bones in place, in the valley of Indian Creek, near Taylor's ranch, west of Hart Table in Pennington County (locality shown in Fig. 2 of Plate 1 of the preceding paper, in about the center of the picture).

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So far as I am aware, this is the first Hoplophoneus to be described from the Titanotherium beds and is strikingly differentiated from all of the species of the overlying Oreodon beds by the extraordinary depth of the chin (as suggested in the specific name proposed), a character reminiscent of the great development of this structure in Hatcher's Eusmilus dakotensis from the Protoceras beds, to which the new form seems to be transitional.

1 Williston's measurements, Kansas Univ. Quarterly, Vol. III., No. 3, p. 72, 1895.

2 Specimens in the Princeton Geological Museum used by G. I. Adams, in defining these species.

From the table of measurements it will readily be seen that Hoplophoneus mentalis is considerably smaller than the large H. occidentalis, approximating in size individuals of the insolens and robustus groups. A comparison with the specimens in the Princeton collection used by Adams in defining these two forms shows that, although the jaw depth back of the flange is the same in H. robustus and H. insolens as in the new form, the flange is absolutely larger in the latter and tapers less rapidly in width distally; both premolars are smaller, and in p4 the paraconid is disproportionately smaller, than in H. insolens (Princeton Univ. Geol. Mus. No. 11372) and is out of line with the other two cusps, toward the inner side of the jaw as in Eusmilus and hoplophonids in general, and has sharper cutting edges than in H. insolens; also the alveolus for mi is very much wider transversely, in front, than in the latter species. Between H. robustus and H. mentalis there is the same striking difference in the shape of the jaw flange, which is decidedly V-shaped in robustus, while in the new species it is U-shaped and of the Eusmilus type. The third premolar is as small as in robustus, but rakes backward a bit stronger and has a larger posterior cuspule. To the paraconid of p4 the same remarks are applicable as in the comparison with H. insolens.

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