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APPENDIX TO ESSAYS.

1. A Fragment of an Effay of Fame.*

HE Poets make Fame a Monfter: they describe her in part finely and elegantly, and in part gravely and fententiously: They fay, Look how many Feathers fhe hath, so many Eyes fhe hath underneath, so many Tongues, fo many Voices, fhe pricks up fo many Ears.

This is a flourish; there follow excellent Parables; as that the gathereth Strength in going; that fhe goeth upon the Ground, and yet hideth her Head in the Clouds; that in the day-time she fitteth in a Watch-tower, and flieth most by night; that she mingleth Things done with Things not done; and that she is a Terror to great Cities; but that which paffeth all the reft is, they do recount that the Earth, mother of the Giants that made war against Jupiter, and were by him deftroyed, thereupon in anger brought forth Fame; for certain it is, that Rebels, figured by the Giants

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* Published by Dr. Rawley in his Refufcitatio.

and feditious Fames and Libels, are but Brothers and Sifters, masculine and feminine: But now if a Man can tame this Monster, and bring her to feed at the hand, and govern her, and with her fly other ravening Fowl, and kill them, it is fomewhat worth: But we are infected with the Style of the Poets. To speak now in a fad and serious Manner, there is not in all the Politics a Place less handled, and more worthy to be handled, than this of Fame: we will therefore fpeak of these points: What are falfe Fames; and what are true Fames; and how they may be beft difcerned; how Fames may be fown and raised; how they may be spread and multiplied; and how they may be checked and laid dead; and other things concerning the nature of Fame. Fame is of that Force, as there is fcarcely any great Action wherein it hath not a great Part, especially in the War. Mucianus undid Vitellius by a Fame that he scattered, that Vitellius had in Purpose to remove the Legions of Syria into Germany, and the Legions of Germany into Syria; whereupon the Legions of Syria were infinitely inflamed. Julius Cæfar took Pompey unprovided; and laid asleep his Industry and Preparations by a Fame that he cunningly gave out, how Cafar's own Soldiers loved him not; and being wearied with the Wars, and laden with the Spoils of Gaul, would forfake him as foon as he came into Italy. Livia fettled all things for the fucceffion of her Son Tiberius, by continual giving out that her Husband Augustus was upon Recovery and Amendment; and it is a usual thing with the Bashaws,

to conceal the Death of the Great Turk from the Fanizaries and Men of War, to fave the Sacking of Conftantinople, and other Towns, as their manner is. Themistocles made Xerxes, King of Persia, post apace out of Græcia, by giving out that the Grecians had a Purpose to break his Bridge of Ships which he had made athwart Hellefpont. There be a thousand fuch like Examples, and the more they are, the less they need to be repeated, because a man meeteth with them every where: therefore let all wife Governors have as great a Watch and Care over Fames, as they have of the Actions and Designs themselves.

[The Reft was not finished.]

II. Of a King.

I.

KING is a Mortal God on Earth, unto whom the living God hath lent his own Name as a great Honour; but withal told him, he should die like a Man, left he should be proud and flatter himself, that God hath with his Name imparted unto him his Nature alfo.

2. Of all kind of Men, God is the least beholden unto them; for he doth most for them, and they do ordinarily least for him.

3. A King that would not feel his Crown too heavy for him, muft wear it every day; but if he

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think it too light, he knoweth not of what Metal it is made.

4. He must make Religion the Rule of Government, and not to balance the Scale; for he that casteth in Religion only to make the Scales even, his own weight is contained in thofe Characters, Mene, mene, tekel, upharfin, He is found too light, his Kingdom shall be taken from him.”

5. And that King that holds not Religion the best Reason of State, is void of all Piety and Justice, the Supporters of a King.

6. He must be able to give Counsel himself, but not rely thereupon; for though happy Events juftify their Counsels, yet it is better that the evil Event of good Advice be rather imputed to a Subject than a Sovereign.

7. He is the Fountain of Honour, which should not run with a waste Pipe, left the Courtiers fell the Water, and then, as Papists say of their holy Wells, it lofes the Virtue.

8. He is the Life of the Law, not only as he is lex loquens himself, but because he animateth the dead Letter, making it active towards all his Subjects præmio et pæna.

9. A wife King muft do less in altering his Laws than he may; for new Government is ever dangerous. It being true in the Body Politic, as in the Corporal, that omnis fubita immutatio eft periculofa; and though it be for the better, yet it is not without a fearful Apprehenfion; for he that changeth the Fundamental Laws of a Kingdom, thinketh there is no good Title to a Crown, but by Conqueft.

10. A King that fetteth to Sale Seats of Justice, oppreffeth the People; for he teacheth his Judges to fell Justice; and pretio parata pretio venditur juftitia.

11. Bounty and Magnificence are Virtues very regal, but a prodigal King is nearer a Tyrant than a Parfimonious; for Store at home draweth not his Contemplations abroad: but Want supplieth itself of what is next, and many times the next way a King herein must be wise, and know what he may justly do.

12. That King which is not feared, is not loved; and he that is well seen in his craft, must as well study to be feared as loved; yet not loved for Fear, but feared for Love.

13. Therefore, as he must always resemble Him whose great Name he beareth, and that as in manifefting the sweet Influence of his Mercy on the fevere Stroke of his Justice sometimes, fo in this not to fuffer a Man of Death to live; for befides that the Land doth mourn, the Restraint of Justice towards Sin doth more retard the affection of Love, than the extent of Mercy doth inflame it: and fure where Love is [ill] beftowed, Fear is quite loft.

14. His greatest Enemies are his Flatterers; for though they ever speak on his fide, yet their Words still make against him.

15. The Love which a King oweth to a Weal Public, fhould not be overstrained to any one particular; yet that his more special Favour do reflect upon fome worthy Ones is somewhat necessary, because there are few of that capacity.

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