Baldwin, W. A., Poultry-Raising as a School Occupation..... Bigelow, Luna E., Social Life in Geography. The Individual Assignments in Geography.... Black, Jessie Elizabeth, Review of: Baldwin's Gulliver's Travels for Lansing's Rhymes and Stories and Fairy Tales. Brown, R. M., An Outline for the Presentation of a Country-Africa. PAGE 359 57 113 250 221 221 394 511 293 in the Elementary Schools.... 439 Burks, Jesse D., A New Demand upon Professional Schools for 17 Getting Our Bearings on Industrial Education... 445 Burnham, Ernest, Michigan's Preparation of Teachers for Rural Schools 138 Caldwell, O. W., Editorial Notes.... 384 Review of Bailey and Coleman's First Course in Biology. Clark, Anna M., Review of Swift's Joseph, A Three-Scene Play for Winterburn's Methods in Teaching. Cameron, E. H., Review of: McMurray's Special Method of Reading in the Grades... Shaylor's Book of Alphabets. Carley, Pearl Backus, A Morning Exercise.. Carroll, Michalena, A Play Festival by the Seventh Grade..... 390 390 38 76 391 Crowe, J. M., Review of: Kratz's Studies and Observations in the Snedden and Allen's School Reports and School Efficiency.. Cushman, Lillian S., Editorial Notes. 164 164 269 A Report of the Second Annual Meeting of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education.... Dresden, Arnold, Review of the "Appleton" Arithmetics.. 233 Elliott, Edward C., Review of Dutton and Snedden's Administration of Public Education in the United States.... 485 524 French, Walter H., Agriculture in the Public School. 186 65 Griswold, Florence K., The Open Schoolhouse: Its Part in the Vacation of the Stay-at-Home.... 517 Hall, Jennie, Reading Leaflets, Francis Parker School...... .43, 106, Hill, Patty Smith, Editorial Notes.. 146, 202 333 46 PAGE The Value and Limitations of Froebel's Gifts as Educative Materials 129, 192 Judd, C. H., Editorial Notes..... Judson, Harry Pratt, Religion in the Public Schools. Kent, Ernest B., The Elementary School and Industrial Occupations.. the Middle Ages Koch, Fritz, The Conservation of Childhood.. Langley, Euphrosyne, Constructive Activities as an Essential and Industrial Education, the Working-Man, and the School.... 520 223 178 441 282 484 121 504 32 455 322 54 .156, 212, 327, 433 369 Lessons in Physical Geography.... 394 Millis, J. F., Review of Stone's Arithmetical Abilities.. 525 Myers, G. W., Review of Hedrick's Algebra for Secondary Schools.. Owen, W. B., Review of: Maennel and Dresslar's The Auxiliary 53 O'Shea's Linguistic Development and Education.. 53 Page, Mary Boomer, The Present Point of View of the Plays and 341 Palmer, Luella, The Relation between the Ideal and the Practical in the Kindergarten Programme... Payne, Bertha, The Kindergarten Programme. Review of Davis and Leung's Chinese Fables and Folk Stories.... Payne, William C., Review of Chamberlain's The Condition and Tendencies of Technical Education in Germany.. 218 Probst, Albert F., Consolidation and Transportation: A Rural-School I Putnam, Alice H., Moral "Controls" in the Nursery and the Kindergarten 493 Rankin, Jean Sherwood, Helen Keller and the Language-Teaching The Sentence and the Verb.. 84 410 Raymond, Ruth, Decorative Designing as a Study for Children...... Short, R. L., The Seventh to Tenth Grades a Unit in Mathematics... Spink, Josette E., Review of: Chouville and Savory's Trois Semaines Tuckerman's Simplicité PAGE 94 334 471 463 281 282 Stowe, A. Monroe, The School Club: Its Relation to Several Educational Ideals 364 The School Club: The School Garden, and Correlated School Activities 416 397 Temple, Alice, The Occupations of the Kindergarten. Tufts, James H., Editorial Notes.... Dr. Meyer on the Dangers of Knowing Things without Doing Things 70 108 153 162 284, 338, 395, 443, 489, 527 54 100 Warren, Irene, Current Educational Literature in the Periodicals Review of The Welfare of Children... Washburn, Marion Foster, A "New School" in America. 287 INDEX TO BOOK REVIEWS A Baker's Dozen for City Children, Isabel Valentine and Lileon A History of Education before the Middle Ages, Frank P. Graves, ..... A Little Land and a Living, Bolton Hall, O. W. Caldwell.. An Algebra for Secondary Schools, E. R. Hedrick, G. W. Myers.... 282 484 279 439 Winfield Stone, J. F. Millis... 525 Book of Alphabets, H. W. Shaylor, E. H. Cameron.. Chinese Fables and Folk-Stories, Mary H. Davis and Chow Leung, 390 278 Fairy Tales, Vol. II, Marion F. Lansing, Bertha Payne. 393 218 First Course in Biology, L. H. Bailey and W. M. Coleman, O. W. First Year in United States History, Melvin Hix, Jessie E. Black........ Payne Joseph, A Three-Scene Play for Children, F. H. Swift, Anna M. Clark 486 394 221 334 278 391 Laboratory Lessons in Physical Geography, L. L. Everly, R. E. Blount, and C. L. Walton, George J. Miller... Moral Instruction and Training in the Schools, M. E. Sadler, J. K. Hart School Reports and School Efficiency, David S. Snedden and William Simplicité, Julius Tuckerman, Josette E. Spink. Stories to Tell to Children, Sara Cone Bryant, Alice O'Grady.. PAGE 394 53 219 280 162 333 487 221 164 282 219 164 Special Method in Reading in the Grades, Charles A. McMurray, 390 Systematic Study in the Elementary Schools, Lida B. Earhart, E. F. 439 The Administration of Public Education in the United States, Samuel 524 485 The Auxiliary Schools of Germany, M. Maennel and F. B. Dresslar, 53 The Boy Geologist, Edwin J. Houston, O. W. Caldwell.. 281 The Condition and Tendencies of Technical Education in Germany, 218 The Eleanor Smith Music Course, Eleanor Smith, M. R. Kern............ The First Book, Song and Story for Little Children, E. E. Speight, and Clara L. Thompson, E. A. W.......... 441 220 The Kindergarten in American Education, Nina C. Vandewalker, 54 The Louisa Alcott Reader, Bertha Payne.... 279 The Pig Brother, and Other Fables and Stories, Laura E. Richards, 337 The Summers Readers, Maud Summers, Bertha Payne.... 392 The Tortoise and the Geese, and Other Fables of Bidpai, Maude B. 393 The Welfare of Children, A Reading-List on the Care of Dependent 54 The Wide-Awake Third Reader, Clara Murray, Bertha Payne.... When the World Was Young, Elizabeth V. Brown, E. A. W................... 393 281 220 THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER SEPTEMBER, 1908 CONSOLIDATION AND TRANSPORTATION: A RURAL SCHOOL PROBLEM ALBERT FREDERICK PROBST I. ORIGIN AND EXTENT OF THE CONSOLIDATED SYSTEM It was Massachusetts that led the way in the development of the district system and to her is also due the credit of pointing out the way for consolidation. As early as 1869 Massachusetts passed a law which provided for the transportation of pupils to and from the public schools at public cost. Probably Quincy was the first town in the state to act under the law of 1869, having closed two schools in 1874 and transported the children to other schools. Consolidation was complete in Montague Township, Massachusetts, as early as 1875, and was begun in Concord in 1879. From this time on, consolidation spread rapidly throughout the state until in 1904-5, her expenditure for transportation alone amounted to $213,221. Other neighboring states have readily adopted the Massachusetts plan until now the movement reaches not only every one of the New England States but extends to the northern, middle, southern, and western states as well, while the question of consolidation is being agitated in every state in the Union. State Superintendent H. A. Ustrud, of South Dakota, reports May 5, 1908, that South Dakota has about fifteen centralized schools. Superintendent Ustrud adds the following: "A number of townships have voted this spring to centralize, so that in a short time we hope to be right along with other states with the plan." |