The Scientific Evidences of Organic EvolutionMacmillan and Company, 1882 - Всего страниц: 88 |
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Стр. 5
... suppose that all species would attain to this condition of perfect adjustment to their en- vironment , and there remain fixed . And SO undoubtedly they would , if the environment were itself unchanging . But forasmuch as the environ ...
... suppose that all species would attain to this condition of perfect adjustment to their en- vironment , and there remain fixed . And SO undoubtedly they would , if the environment were itself unchanging . But forasmuch as the environ ...
Стр. 31
... suppose that the Deity formed an archetypal plan of certain structures , and that He determined to adhere to this plan through all the modifications which those structures exhibit . Now the difficulties in the way of this supposition ...
... suppose that the Deity formed an archetypal plan of certain structures , and that He determined to adhere to this plan through all the modifications which those structures exhibit . Now the difficulties in the way of this supposition ...
Стр. 33
... that in point of fact the two organs do not resemble one another in any particular further than it is necessary that they should , if both are to serve as organs of Ꭰ sight . But now , suppose that this had not ORGANIC EVOLUTION . 33.
... that in point of fact the two organs do not resemble one another in any particular further than it is necessary that they should , if both are to serve as organs of Ꭰ sight . But now , suppose that this had not ORGANIC EVOLUTION . 33.
Стр. 34
George John Romanes. sight . But now , suppose that this had not been the case , and that the two structures , besides presenting the necessary superficial resemblance , had also presented an anatomical resemblance ; with what tremendous ...
George John Romanes. sight . But now , suppose that this had not been the case , and that the two structures , besides presenting the necessary superficial resemblance , had also presented an anatomical resemblance ; with what tremendous ...
Стр. 36
... suppose that God laid down these arbitrary rules . for His own guidance in creation , and let us see to what it leads . If , as is assumed , the Deity formed a certain number of ideal types , and determined that on no account should He ...
... suppose that God laid down these arbitrary rules . for His own guidance in creation , and let us see to what it leads . If , as is assumed , the Deity formed a certain number of ideal types , and determined that on no account should He ...
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adaptive modification adduced anatomical feature apes aquatic argument from geology become branches branchiæ cause classification crocodile Crown 8vo Darwin Deity descent with adaptive doctrine of evolution embryology evidence in favour F.R.S. Illustrated fact favour of organic fish five toes fossil species frogs Galapagos Archipelago genera geological hereditary descent highly organised hypothesis ideal type instance instincts intelligent design limbs lines of evidence logical mammals Mivart natural selection natural theologians newts numberless observed oceanic islands organic evolution organic nature organic types Origin of Species phenomena plants and animals porpoise present Professor Huxley quadrumana quadrupeds inhabiting reason resemble rudi rudiment rudimentary scientific classification Sir JOHN LUBBOCK special creation theory special creationists special design specially created species of plants specific type supernatural design suppose teleology theory of descent theory of design theory of evolution theory of natural tion transmutation of species typical structures vertebrata vertebrate whale whole
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Стр. 3 - natural selection." Nature, so to speak, selects the best individuals out of each gen'eration to live. And not only so, but as these favored individuals transmit their favorable qualities to their offspring, according to the fixed laws of heredity, it follows that the individuals composing each successive generation have a general tendency to be better suited to their surroundings than were their forefathers. And this follows, not...
Стр. 76 - ... conceivable supposition that every species of Rhinoceros and every species of Hyaena, in the long succession of forms between the Miocene and the present species, was separately constructed out of dust, or out of nothing, by supernatural power; but until I receive distinct evidence of the fact, I refuse to run the risk of insulting any sane man by supposing that he seriously holds such a notion.
Стр. 61 - as the white man's rat has driven away the native rat, so the European fly drives away our own ; and as the clover kills our fern, so will the Maori disappear before the white man himself.
Стр. 49 - A second great fact which strikes us in our general review is, that barriers of any kind, or obstacles to free migration, are related in a close and important manner to the differences between the productions of various regions.
Стр. 39 - Throughout the animal and vegetable kingdoms we constantly meet with organs which are the dwarfed and useless representatives of organs which, in other and allied kinds of animals and plants, are of large size and functional utility. Thus, for instance, the unborn whale has rudimentary teeth, which are never destined to cut the gums ; and we all know that our own rudimentary tail is of no practical service. Now, rudimentary organs of this kind are of such 1 This consideration is, I believe, original.
Стр. 3 - That is to say, in every generation of every species a great many more individuals are born than can possibly survive; so that there is in consequence a perpetual battle for life going on among all the constituent individuals of any given generation.
Стр. 41 - Now, is it a worthy conception of Deity that, while neglecting to maintain his unity of ideal in the case of nearly all the numerous species of snakes, he should have added a tiny rudiment in the case of the Python— and even in that case should have maintained his ideal very inefficiently, inasmuch as only two limbs, instead of four, are represented...