To COLLO'GUE, v. a. Probably from Lat. colloquor. To wheedle; to flatter; to please with kind words. A low word.

COʻLLOP, n. s. Minshew derives it from coal and op, and says, it is a rasher broiled upon the coals. It is sometimes used for a slice of meat without any reference either to roasting or heating, and sometimes as a term of endearment. Come, Sir page,

Look on me with your welkin eye, sweet villain, Most dearest, my collop. Shakspeare. Winter's Tale.

Thou art a collop of my flesh,

And for thy sake I have shed many a tear. Id. Henry VI. The lion is upon his death-bed: not an enemy that does not apply for a collop of him. L'Estrange.

Sweetbread and collops were with skewers pricked About the sides. Dryden's Fables.

A cook perhaps has mighty things professed; Then sent up but two dishes nicely drest: What signifies Scotch collops to a feast?

King's Cookery. CO'LLOQUY, n. s. Lat. colloquium. ConCOLLOQUIAL, adj. Sference, conversation;

alternate discourse; talk.

My earthly, by his heavenly over-powered,

In that celestial colloquy sublime,

As with an object that excels the sense,
Dazzled, and spent, sunk down.

Milton's Paradise Lost. In retirement make frequent colloquies, or short discoursings, between God and thy own soul.

Taylor. COLLOT D'HERBOIS (J. M.), a distinguished French revolutionist, was born at Maintenon, near Chartres. He was, early in life, a strolling actor, in which capacity he visited Lyons; and finally Paris, at the commencement of the public commotions. He was soon noticed as a street orator, and member of the jacobin club; and in 1792 accused La Fayette of treason at the bar of the National Assembly. The same year he published his Almanach du Père Gerard, in favor of a constitutional monarchy. After this he became the decided enemy of royalty; was one of the members of the municipality on the 10th of August, 1792, who procured the dethronement of Louis XVI.; a member of the Council of Justice, and a deputy of the National Convention. He demanded, at the first sitting, the abolition of royalty, and that death should be the punishment of emigration. As might have been expected, he voted for the execution of the king; and was soon after sent to Orleans and Lyons, where, in the name of liberty, he committed the most horrid butcheries, having assisted in the destruction of the Girondists. He was nominated, with other members of the jacobin club, to draw up the act of accusation against kings. His life was attempted in May, 1794, by a man named Admiral, who fired two pistols at him. July 18th he was appointed

president of the Convention, and joined with other members to procure the overthrow of Robespierre. On the 28th of August, Lecointre, of Versailles, denounced him and others, as accomplices of the tyrant they had destroyed; and though this accusation was rejected, they were arrested in March, 1795, on fresh charges, and soon after condemned to exile. Collot, endeavouring to excite an insurrection of the negroes, was confined in the fortress of Sinamari, where he died in November, 1796. He wrote several dramatic

pieces.

CO'LLOW, n. s.

coal.

More properly colly, from

Collusion is, in our common law, a deceitful agreement or compact between two or more, for the one part to bring an action against the other to some evil purCowell. pose; as to defraud a third of his right.

By the ignorance of the merchants, or dishonesty of weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware was bad, and the price excessive. Swift.

COLLUM, the neck. See ANATOMY. COLLUMPTON, a neat town of Devonshire, seated on the river Columb, near its mouth. It carries on the woollen manufacture. It is ten miles north of Exeter, and 150 west by south of London.

COLLUTHIANS, a religious sect who rose about the beginning of the fourth century, on occasion of the indulgence shown to Arius by Alexander, patriarch of Alexandria. Several people being scandalised at so much condescension, Colluthus, a priest of the same city, hence took a pretence for holding separate assemblies, and by degrees proceeded to the ordination of priests, as if he had been a bishop; pretending a necessity for this to oppose Arius. To his schism he added heresy; teaching that God did not create the wicked, &c. He was condemned by a council held at Alexandria by Osius, A. D. 330.

COʻLLY, v. a. & n. s. From coal. To grime with coal: to smut with coal.

Brief as the lightning in the collied night, That in a speed, unfolds both heaven and earth And, ere a man hath power to say, behold, The jaws of darkness do devour up. Shakspeare. Suppose thou saw her dressed in some old hirsuit attire, out of fashion, coarse raiment, besmeared with soot, colly, perfumed with opopanax.

Burton on Melancholy. COLLYBUS, Oλußoç, in antiquity, the rate of exchange.

COLLYRÆ, or COLLYRIDES, in antiquity, an ornament of hair, worn by the women on their

form of a semicircle. The Rhine, which is the principal river, is here a very considerable stream, receiving an accession of the waters of the Nethe, the Aar, the Erp, and the Neufs. The places of chief note are Cologne, the capital, Bonn, a very considerable town, once the metropolis and the residence of the elector, Bergheim, Bruyl, and Rheinburg. Great quantities of wine are sent out of this country by means of the Rhine, which flows nearly seventy miles along its borders. There are also some lead and iron mines. The religion most prevalent is the Roman Catholic; but free toleration is enjoyed by the Protestants, who are also eligible to fill public offices. Formerly the dignity of archbishop and that of elector were vested in the same person, who was arch-chancellor of the empire, and occupied the third place in the college.

COLOGNE, the capital of this electorate, is an ancient town, known to the Romans by the name of Colonia Agrippina because it was built by Agrippina, the wife of Claudius, and Colonia Ubiorum, from the Ubii, its ancient inhabitants. So early as the year 755 it was an archbishopric, and in 1260 it entered into the Hanseatic league, and was once considered one of the four principal Hanstowns. It is built in the form of a crescent, close to the Rhine, and is fortified with strong walls, flanked with thirty large towers, and surrounded with three ditches, the whole forming a circuit of nearly seven English miles; but it was taken by the French under general Jourdan, on the 6th of October, 1794, not only without resistance, but even with demonstrations of joy. The entrances to the town are by twenty-four gates, and within the walls there are nineteen parishes, two collegiate churches, two abbeys, thirty-nine monasteries, two establishments for noble ladies, an archiepiscopal seminary, and forty-nine chapels, besides some commandaries of the Teutonic order, and of the order of Malta. The French suppressed the university, which was established by pope Urban VI. in 1388, and established in its place a central school, with a library, a museum, philosophical apparatus, and botanic garden. The streets are generally narrow and crooked, and the houses very ill built, the only square worth noticing is the Forum Novum, and the best buildings are the churches. The cathedral is vast but unfinished, in the Gothic style; it was built about the year 1248. Here they say three kings, or wise men, who came from the east to visit the Saviour are interred; they lay in a large purple shrine, spangled with gold, upon a pedestal of brass, in the middle of a square mausoleum, covered within and without with marble and jaspar. Formerly it was opened every morning at nine o'clock, when the kings were seen lying at full length, with crowns of gold on their heads, garnished with precious stones. Their names, which are Gaspar, Melchion, and Balthasar, are in purple characters on a little grate, which is adorned with an infinite number of large rich pearls and precious stones,

particularly an oriental topaz, as big as a pigeon's egg, and valued at 30,000 crowns. Over against them are six large branches of silver, with wax candles which burnt night and day. The bones of these men, we are told, were brought to Constantinople by Helena, mother of Constantine, from thence to Milan by Eustorpius, bishop of that see, and afterwards hither by archbishop Rainold. In the Jesuits' college are the portraits of the first thirteen generals of that order, with Ignatius Loyola at their head; and in the church, which is the finest in Cologne, are many rich statues, with an amazing quantity of fine silver plate; and the utensils for mass are all of gold enriched with precious stones. In the Cordeliers' church, is the tomb of our famous countryman, Duns Scotus, surnamed Doctor Subtilis, with this epitaph, Scotia me genuit, Anglia me suscepit, Gallia me docuit, Colognia me tenet.' In the church of St. Ursula they pretend to show her tomb, and the bones of the 11,000 virgin martyrs, though this arises from a mistaken inscription; the heads of some of them are kept in cases of silver, some of them covered with stuff of gold and velvet. The canonesses of St. Ursula were all countesses, and had a large revenue. They have, as they say, three of the thorns of our Saviour's crown, and one of the vessels which contained the water that he converted into wine at the marriage of Cana. The church of St. Gestian has a subterraneous church under it. The clergy are very numerous, and had formerly very large revenues; there are said to be not fewer than 2000 ecclesiastics of all ranks. Baron Poinitz said, that though Cologne was one of the greatest cities, it was one of the most melancholy in Europe; there being nothing to be seen but priests, friars, and students, many of whom begged alms with a song; and nothing to be heard but the ringing of bells. The population of this city is estimated at 50,000, the greater part of whom are papists; the Protestants were formerly obliged to repair to the neighbouring town of Mulheim, in the duchy of Berg, for public worship, but they now enjoy toleration in this respect, and have many privileges. The trade of the town is chiefly in their hands.

The principal exports are wine, timber, earthenware, slates and several other minerals, firearms, and various articles of hardware and kitchen utensils. Linen, woollen, and silk stuffs, lace, and thread, are manufactured here; and great quantities of eau de Cologne, so famous throughout Europe. It was formerly governed by its own senate in civil matters; but criminal causes belonged to the jurisdiction of the elector and his chapter, of whom the inhabitants were very jealous, so that they would not permit him to reside in the city; his usual residence used, therefore, to be at Bonn. Cologne is seventeen miles east of Juliers, forty-seven from Maestricht, and ten north of Bonn. It is situated in 6° 55′ E. long. and 50° 55′ N. lat.

COLOMBIA, an extensive country, occupying the greater portion of the north and northwestern parts of South America, between the parallels of 5° 50'S. and 12° 30′ N. lat., and 58° and 81° E. long. On the north and north-east it is bounded by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by the river Essequibo, which divides it from Guiana, on the south by Brasil eastward, and by Peru westward, while its western coast is washed by the great Pacific Ocean for about twelve degrees of latitude from the south to the north, where it is connected by the isthmus of Darien with the province of Guatimala in North America. In our article AMERICA We have treated, at some length, of this interesting portion of the transatlantic world; but, as its rising prosperity and political importance as an independent state are every day becoming more apparent, we cannot forbear adding a little to our former remarks.

Of this vast country, the eastern part was formerly distinguished by the name of Venezuela or Caraccas, and the western was called New Granada, or Condinamarca, the name of the south-western portion being Quito; the two former of these now constitute the great divisions of the republic of Colombia. For the minor divisions of these great districts, and the population of each, we cannot do better than refer the reader to the Tables given in the description of the country of Colombia, under the article AMERICA.

The most prominent feature on the western side is the great Cordillera of the Andes, which runs through the whole extent from north to south, at an average distance of 150 miles from the Pacific Ocean. Northward, about the second degree of latitude, a branch of this immense ridge strikes off in an east and north-east direction, and soon after another diverges a little to the west, and then due north; forming three different main chains, with many subordinate ones, crossing the country in all directions, while the intervening valleys are watered by the mighty rivers and smaller streams, that rise among the mountains. It is in this region that the Andes reach their greatest elevation, and the stupendous Chimborazo lifts its lofty summit to the height of 7147 yards above the level of the sea, exceeded alone by the vast Himalayan chain in the eastern continent. This mountain towers above all the rest: but to the north and south and east, others of a height little inferior are seen ascending to the skies, and exhibiting, with their snow-clad cones, a striking and beautiful contrast with the dark blue firmament above. The chief of these are Antisana, Cotopaxi, Illinissa, and Pichinga, varying in elevation about 1000 feet from each other. North of the equator this mighty chain diminishes gradually in height, and diverges in the third degree of latitude from the river Atrato, forming a narrow ridge at about 100 miles average distance from the coast, reaching to cape Vela; the greatest eleva

tion of this branch is about 16,000 feet, the plain of Caraccas in which it stands being 2660 feet above the sea. The Caraccas coast, which is of an immense extent, affords a continuation of this great table land, furnishing the most tremendous precipices in the world, and is lost in the sea nearly opposite to the island of Trinidad. The Cordillera of Caraccas, sometimes, in the western part, exceeds 8,000 feet; it includes some large and beautiful valleys. What is called the Cordillera of the Cataracts of Orinoco forms the second great branch of the Andes; between the third and sixth degrees of north latitude it extends itself, forming the lofty plain of Tuquillo and St. Martin, and exhibiting the peaks of Umama and Cavanami. Here the rivers Guavari, Meta, Zama, and Ymerida, take their rise, and the awful cataracts of Aturé and Maypuré occur. Beyond these this chain is of greater height, and stretches in a southerly direction as far as the Portuguese frontiers, where a vast and impenetrable region of forest extends, over which no European has yet passed. Here are the sources of the magnificent river Orinoco, unknown both to the Spaniards and the civilised Indians themselves. The highest point of this Cordillera is Duida, a volcanic mountain above 8,465 feet high. Three vast plains run between the bases of these branches of the Andes, open to the Atlantic Ocean; the most northerly being that of Orinoco, luxuriant in herbage, but with comparatively few trees, and these widely scattered. Here an immense flat occurs, with vast savannahs, called Los Llanos (the Plains), where the residents of the towns and villages feed innumerable herds of cattle.

The enterprising Humboldt, who penetrated farthest and made the most valuable discoveries in this country, speaking of its general aspect, expresses himself thus:

When a traveller, newly arrived from Europe, penetrates for the first time into the forests of South America, nature presents herself to him under an unexpected aspect. The objects, that surround him, recall but feebly those pictures which celebrated writers have traced on the banks of the Mississippi, in Florida, and in other temperate regions of the New World. He feels at every step, that he is not on the confines, but in the very centre, of the torrid zone; not in one of the West India islands, but on a vast continent, where everything is gigantic-the mountains, the rivers, and the mass of vegetation. It he feel strongly the beauty of picturesque scenery, he can scarcely define the various emotions which crowd upon his mind; he can scarcely distinguish what most excites his admiration— the deep silence of those solitudes, the individual beauty and contrast of forms, or that vigor and freshness of vegetable life, which characterise the climate of the tropics. It might be said that the earth, overloaded with plants, does not allow them space enough to unfold themselves. The trunks of the trees are every where concealed