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CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
Porto Praya-Ribeira Grande-Atmospheric Dust with Infusoria-Habits
of a Sea-slug and Cuttle-fish-St. Paul's Rocks, non-volcanic-
Singular Incrustations-Insects the first Colonists of Islands-Fernando
Noronha-Bahia-Burnished Rocks-Habits of a Diodon-Pelagic
Confervæ and Infusoria-Causes of discoloured Sea
CHAPTER II
p. I
Rio de Janeiro-Excursion north of Cape Frio-Great Evaporation
-Slavery-Botofogo Bay-Terrestrial Planaria-Clouds on the
Corcovado-Heavy Rain-Musical_Frogs-Phosphorescent Insects-
Elater, springing powers of-Blue Haze-Noise made by a Butterfly
-Entomology-Ants-Wasp killing a Spider-Parasitical Spider-
Artifices of an Epeira-Gregarious Spider-Spider with an
symmetrical Web.
CHAPTER III
un-
p. 17
Monte Video-Maldonado-Excursion to R. Polanco-Lazo and Bolas
-Partridges-Absence of Trees-Deer-Capybara, or River Hog-
Tucutuco-Molothrus, cuckoo-like habits-Tyrant Flycatcher-Mock-
ing-bird-Carrion Hawks-Tubes formed by Lightning-House
Rio Negro-Estancias attacked by the Indians-Salt Lakes-Flamingoes
-R. Negro to R. Colorado-Sacred Tree-Patagonian Hare-Indian
Families-General Rosas-Proceed to Bahia Blanca-Sand Dunes-
Negro Lieutenant-Bahia Blanca-Saline Incrustations-Punta Alta
-Zorillo
p. 59
CHAPTER V
Bahia Blanca-Geology-Numerous gigantic extinct Quadrupeds-Recent
Extinction-Longevity of Species-Large Animals do not require a
luxuriant Vegetation-Southern Africa-Siberian Fossils- Two Species
of Ostrich-Habits of Oven-bird-Armadilloes-Venomous Snake,
Toad, Lizard-Hybernation of Animals-Habits of Sea-Pen-Indian
Wars and Massacres-Arrow-head, Antiquarian Relic
p. 77
CHAPTER VI
.
Set out for Buenos Ayres-Rio Sauce-Sierra Ventana-Third Posta-
Driving Horses-Bolas-Partridges and Foxes-Features of the
Country-Long-legged Plover-Teru-tero-Hailstorm-Natural En-
closures in the Sierra Tapalguen-Flesh of Puma-Meat Diet-Guardia
del Monte-Effects of Cattle on the Vegetation-Cardoon-Buenos
Ayres-Corral where Cattle are slaughtered.
p. 100
CHAPTER VII
Excursion to St. Fé-Thistle-Beds-Habits of the Bizcacha-Little Owl-
Saline Streams-Level Plains-Mastodon—St. Fé-Change in Land-
scape-Geology--Tooth of extinct Horse-Relation of the Fossil and
recent Quadrupeds of North and South America-Effects of a great
Drought—Parana-Habits of the Jaguar-Scissor-beak-King-fisher,
Parrot, and Scissor-tail-Revolution-Buenos Ayres-State of Govern-
ment
CHAPTER VIII
p. 116
Excursion to Colonia del Sacramiento-Value of an Estancia-Cattle, how
counted Singular Breed of Oxen-Perforated Pebbles-Shepherd-
dogs-Horses broken-in, Gauchos Riding-Character of Inhabitants
-Rio Plata-Flocks of Butterflies-Aëronaut Spiders-Phosphor-
escence of the Sea-Port Desire-Guanaco-Port St. Julian-Geology
of Patagonia-Fossil gigantic Animal-Types of Organization constant
-Change in the Zoology of America-Causes of Extinction p. 134
CHAPTER IX
Santa Cruz-Expedition up the River-Indians-Immense Streams of
Basaltic Lava-Fragments not transported by the River-Excavation
of the Valley-Condor, habits of Cordillera-Erratic Boulders of
great size-Indian Relics-Return to the Ship-Falkland Islands-
Wild Horses, Cattle, Rabbits-Wolf-like Fox-Fire made of Bones
-Manner of hunting Wild Cattle-Geology-Streams of Stones-
Scenes of Violence—Penguin—Geese-Eggs of Doris-Compound
Animals
CHAPTER X
p. 168
Tierra del Fuego, first arrival-Good Success Bay-An Account of the
Fuegians on board-Interview with the Savages-Scenery of the
Forests-Cape Horn-Wigwam Cove-Miserable Condition of the
Savages-Famines-Cannibals-Matricide-Religious Feelings-Great
Gale-Beagle Channel-Ponsonby Sound-Build Wigwams and settle
the Fuegians-Bifurcation of the Beagle Channel-Glaciers-Return
to the Ship-Second Visit in the Ship to the Settlement-Equality of
Condition amongst the Natives
p. 194
CHAPTER XI
Strait of Magellan-Port Famine-Ascent of Mount Tarn-Forests-
Edible Fungus-Zoology-Great Sea-weed-Leave Tierra del Fuego
-Climate-Fruit Trees and Productions of the Southern Coasts-
Height of Snow-line on the Cordillera-Descent of Glaciers to the
Sea Icebergs formed-Transportal of Boulders-Climate and Pro-
ductions of the Antarctic Islands-Preservation of Frozen Carcasses-
Recapitulation
CHAPTER XII
p. 220
Valparaiso-Excursion to the Foot of the Andes-Structure of the Land-
-Ascend the Bell of Quillota-Shattered Masses of Greenstone-
Immense Valleys-Mines-State of Miners-Santiago-Hot-baths of
Cauquenes-Gold-mines-Grinding-mills-Perforated Stones-Habits
of the Puma-El Turco and Tapacolo-Humming-birds p. 240
•
CHAPTER XIII
Chiloe-General Aspect-Boat Excursion-Native Indians-Castro-Tame
Fox-Ascend San Pedro-Chonos Archipelago-Peninsula of Tres
Montes-Granitic Range-Boat-wrecked Sailors-Low's Harbour-
Wild Potato-Formation of Peat-Myopotamus, Otter and Mice-
Cheucau and Barking-bird-Opetiorhynchus-Singular Character of
Ornithology-Petrels
CHAPTER XIV
p. 260
San Carlos, Chiloe-Osorno in eruption, contemporaneously with Acon-
cagua and Coseguina-Ride to Cucao-Impenetrable Forests-Valdivia
-Indians-Earthquake-Concepcion-Great Earthquake-Rocks fis-
sured-Appearance of the former Towns-The Sea black and boiling-
Direction of the Vibrations-Stones twisted round-Great Wave-
Permanent elevation of the Land-Area of Volcanic Phenomena-The
connexion between the elevatory and eruptive forces-Cause of Earth-
quakes-Slow elevation of Mountain-chains.
CHAPTER XV
p. 278
Valparaiso—Portillo Pass-Sagacity of Mules—Mountain Torrents-Mines,
how discovered-Proofs of the gradual Elevation of the Cordillera—
Effect of Snow on Rocks-Geological Structure of the two Main Ranges,
their distinct Origin and Upheaval-Great Subsidence-Red Snow-
Winds-Pinnacles of Snow-Dry and clear Atmosphere-Electricity-
Pampas-Zoology of the opposite sides of the Andes-Locusts-Great
Bugs-Mendoza-Uspallata Pass—Silicified Trees buried as they grew
-Incas Bridge-Badness of the Passes exaggerated-Cumbre-
Casuchas-Valparaiso
CHAPTER XVI
p. 300
Coast-road to Coquimbo-Great Loads carried by the Miners-Coquimbo
-Earthquake-Step-formed Terraces-Absence of recent Deposits-
Contemporaneousness of the Tertiary Formations-Excursion up the
Valley Road to Guasco-Deserts-Valley of Copiapó-Rain and
Earthquakes-Hydrophobia-The Despoblado-Indian Ruins-Pro-
bable Change of Climate-River-bed arched by an Earthquake—Cold
Gales of Wind-Noises from a Hill-Iquique-Salt Alluvium-Nitrate
of Soda-Lima-Unhealthy Country-Ruins of Callao, overthrown
by an Earthquake-Recent Subsidence-Elevated Shells on San
Lorenzo, their decomposition-Plain with embedded Shells and frag-
ments of Pottery-Antiquity of the Indian Race
CHAPTER XVII
p. 323
Galapagos Archipelago-The whole Group Volcanic-Number of Craters
-Leafless Bushes-Colony at Charles Island-James Island-Salt-
lake in Crater-Natural History of the Group-Ornithology, curious
Finches-Reptiles-Great Tortoises, habits of Marine Lizard, feeds
on Sea-weed-Terrestrial Lizard, burrowing habits, herbivorous-Im-
portance of Reptiles in the Archipelago-Fish, Shells, Insects-Botany
-American type of organization-Differences in the Species or Races
on different Islands-Tameness of the Birds-Fear of Man, an
acquired instinct .
P. 357
CHAPTER XVIII
Pass through the Low Archipelago-Tahiti-Aspect-Vegetation on the
Mountains-View of Eimeo-Excursion into the Interior-Profound
Ravines-Succession of Waterfalls-Number of wild useful Plants—
Temperance of the Inhabitants-Their moral state-Parliament con-
vened-New Zealand-Bay of Islands-Hippahs-Excursion
Waimate-Missionary Establishment-English Weeds now run wild
Waiomio Funeral of
a New Zealand Woman-Sail for
Australia
CHAPTER XIX
to
p. 386
Sydney-Excursion to Bathurst-Aspect of the Woods-Party of Natives
-Gradual Extinction of the Aborigines-Infection generated by
associated men in health-Blue Mountains-View of the grand gulf-
like Valleys-Their Origin and Formation-Bathurst, general civility
of the lower orders-State of Society-Van Diemen's Land-Hobart
Town-Aborigines all banished-Mount Wellington-King George's
Sound-Cheerless aspect of the country-Bald Head, calcareous Casts
of Branches of Trees-Party of Natives-Leave Australia
CHAPTER XX
p. 415
Keeling Island-Singular appearance-Scanty Flora-Transport of Seeds-
Birds and Insects-Ebbing and flowing Wells-Fields of dead Coral-
Stones transported in the roots of trees-Great Crab-Stinging Corals
-Coral-eating fish-Coral Formations-Lagoon Islands, or Atolls-
Depth at which reef-building Corals can live-Vast Areas interspersed
with low Coral Islands-Subsidence of their Foundations-Barrier
Reefs-Fringing Reefs-Conversion of Fringing Reefs into Barrier
Reefs, and into Atolls-Evidence of Changes in Level-Breaches in
Barrier Reefs-Maldiva Atolls; their peculiar structure-Dead and
submerged Reefs-Areas of Subsidence and Elevation-Distribution
of Volcanoes-Subsidence slow, and vast in amount • p. 435
CHAPTER XXI
Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Great crateriform Ring of Mountains-
Hindoos-St. Helena-History of the Changes in the Vegetation-
Cause of the Extinction of Land-shells-Ascension-Variation in the
Imported Rats-Volcanic Bombs-Beds of Infusoria-Bahia—Brazil—
Splendour of Tropical Scenery-Pernambuco-Singular Reef-Slavery
Return to England-Retrospect on our Voyage.
INDEX
p. 464
p. 488