CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

Slavery as ancient as authentic history-Slavery in Patri-

archal times,

PAGE

XXXV

CHAPTER I.

Slavery among the Jews-Two different classes-Status of

the Hebrew servant-Of the Heathen slave-Negro

slaves-Value of slaves-Public and private slaves-

Manumission-Slavery in the time of our Saviour-

Jewish disregard of the law of release, .

xxxviii

CHAPTER II.

Slavery in Egypt-Evidence of its early existence-Negro

slaves-Sources of Egyptian slavery-Prejudice of color

-Eunuchs-Rigorous treatment-Transition to castes―

System of castes-Present condition of laboring classes—

Negro and other slaves in Egypt at the present day,

CHAPTER III.

Slavery in India-Castes-Sources of slavery-Unlimited
power of the master Manumission - Mohammedan

xliv

slavery-Rules regulating it-Emancipation-Effect of

British rule as to slavery-Negro slaves-Slave-trade

with Africa on Eastern coast-Treatment of slaves-

Eunuchs-Abolition of slavery-Its effects, .

CHAPTER IV.

Slavery in the East-In Assyria-Among the Medes and

Persians-Unlimited power of master-Revolts-Customs

-In other countries-In China-Early existence in

China-Sources of slavery-Hereditary slavery-Treat-

ment of slaves-Enfranchisement-Effect of Grecian and

Roman conquest-Of Mussulman rule-Negro slaves-

Slave-trade-Japanese slavery-Classes distinguished by

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liv

CHAPTER V.

Slavery in Greece-Apparent paradox-Early existence-

Frequent reference in its literature-Ante-Hellenic period

-Transferred to their gods-Mercury-God of the slave

-Sources of slavery-Enslavement of debtors-Relief

law of Solon-Enslavement of the Heathen-Slave-steal-

ing expeditions-The swineherd Eumæus-Piracy —

Hereditary slavery-Effect of concubinage-Metics—

In expiation of crime-Agrestic and domestic slaves-

Origin of each-The Helots-Their treatment-The

Penesta of Thessaly-The Klarota of Crete-Public and

domestic slaves-Slave-markets-Negro slaves-Value of

slaves-"White" slaves not favorites-Eunuchs-Num-

ber of slaves-Profitableness-Fugitives-Branding-

Treaties as to fugitives-Insurance against escapes-Con-

dition of slaves-Familiarity with master-Fidelity-

Feasts and holidays-Affection of masters-Protection of

the law-Places of refuge-Homicide-Marriage relation

-Appearance in court, as a suitor, as a witness-

Peculium-Sale-Labor of slaves-Laws more rigid than

customs-Punishment of slaves-Manumission-Effect

CHAPTER VI.

Slavery in Rome-Very partial in early days-The elements

of slavery-Paternal power-Exposure of children-

Sale for debt-Difference between these and ordinary

slaves-Children of debtor-Its final abrogation-Sale

for crime-Conquest-Slave-dealers-Piracy-Taxation

-Voluntary slavery-Source of revenue-Slave-marts-

Customs incident to the sales-Terms of sale-Frauds of

slave-traders-Characteristics of different nations-Slave-

dealing considered degrading-Negro slaves-Their early

introduction-Originally all personal slaves-Public and

private slaves-The difference in their condition-Treat-

ment of convict-slaves-Rustic and city slaves-Distinc-

tions from occupations-Number of slaves-Large num-

ber of domestics-Their names-The dotalis, or confi-

dential slave-Preference for negroes-The literary slaves

— Gladiators—Insurrections-Prices of slaves-Legal

status-Disabilities-Master's power and rights-Consti-

tution of Antonine-Cruel treatment-General treatment

-Discussions of moralists—Union with master in feasts,

&c.-Peculium-Their riches-Places of refuge-Fugi-

tives-Feasts and holidays-Intimate relation between

master and slave-Instances of cruelty-Punishments of

slaves-Protection of master's life-Manumission-Con-

dition of freedmen-Duty to patron-Libertini, Liberti,

and Ingenui-Effect of manumission as to citizenship-

Dedititii-Instances of freedmen acquiring distinction—

Extinction of slavery in Rome-Its causes-Effect of

Christianity Discussion of slavery by Roman moralists

-Later opinions,

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lxxiv

CHAPTER VII.

Slavery in Europe in middle ages-Universal prevalence-
Difficulty of distinguishing between freemen and slaves-
Causes and sources of slavery-Not the result of Roman
conquest-Extended sometimes to entire districts-Aer
efficit servilem statum-Wales infected-Names of slaves

in different states-Slavery in Germany-Mild in its

character originally-Familiar intercourse-Custom of

burning slaves on funeral pyre-More rigorous subse-

quently-Fugitives-Extent of master's power-Distinc-

tion in dress and ornaments-Gaming a source of slavery

-Punishments of slaves-Different from those of free-

men-Not allowed as witnesses-Marriage relation-

Excluded from offices-Punishment of fugitives, and

those aiding them-Delivery of fugitives-Manumission

-Effect thereof-Amelioration of condition of German

slaves-Causes assigned-Effect of Crusades-Of Chris-

tianity-Teachings of fathers-Practice of the Church—

Condition of German peasantry at the present day-

Slavery in Gaul-Extent of feudal system-Of frequent

conquests-Condition of slaves-Opinion of Gibbon-

Of Michelet-Condition of Rustic serf-Treatment by

masters-Sales-Mainmorte-Origin of-Slaves of re-

ligious houses-Disposition of the children of slaves-

Right of prelibation-Torture-Insurrections-The Ba-

jaudan conspiracy-The Jacquerie-Names of slaves-

Slave-trade-Enfranchisement of serfs-Continuation of

feudal system-Slavery in Sicily-Italy and Venice-In

Poland-In Russia-Condition of Russian slaves-Eman-

cipation-Effects-Slavery in Turkey-Present condition

of the serfs of Europe-Compared with slavery-Opinion

of Michaelis,

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xcix

CHAPTER VIII.

Slavery in Great Britain-But little known of the social
system of ancient Britons-Slavery after Roman invasion
-Effect of Saxon conquest-Sources of slavery-Con-
dition of slave-Power of master over life-Sale-Ex-
cluded from the Courts as suitor or witness-Branding
and yoking-Brazen collars-Holidays allowed them—
Working on Sabbath-Harboring fugitives-Prices of
slaves-Slave-trade at Bristol-Peculium-Punishments
of slaves-Manumission-Effect of manumission-Ame-
lioration of slavery, and transition to villanage-Base