CHAPTER X.

OF THE PEOPLE, WHETHER ALIENS, DENIZENS, OR NATIVES.

Of natural born subjects, and their allegiance. Of natural and local

allegiance. Of the relative rights of natural born subjects and of aliens.

Of denizens. Of naturalization

65 to 67

CHAPTER XI.

OF THE CLERGY.

Of the clergy; their exemptions, and disabilities, and provisions

thereon of 1 & 2 Vict. c. 106. Of the ranks and degrees in ecclesiastical

polity. Of archbishops and bishops. Provisions of 6 & 7 Wm. 4, c. 77,

as to the new arrangements of dioceses. Of the option of the arch-

bishop. Of the power and authority of a bishop. Of deans and chapters.

Of deaneries and prebends. Of the archdeacon, his appointment and

authority. Of rural deans. Of parsons or rectors, and vicars. Of

appropriations. The distinction between a parson and a vicar. Of the

method of becoming a parson or vicar. Of institution; collation; and

induction. Provisions of 1 & 2 Vict. c. 106, as to plurality of prefer-

ments, residence, repair of parsonage houses, and apportionment of spi-

ritual services. Of the avoidance of a benefice. Of commendams. Of

curates; their appointment, duties, stipends, and residence, and pro-

visions of 1 & 2 Vict. c. 106, relative thereto. Of churchwardens; their

office and duties, and the provisions of 7 Wm. 4, and 1 Vict. c. 45,

thereon. Of parish clerks
67 to 76

CHAPTER XII.

OF THE CIVIL STATE.

Of the civil state. Of titles of nobility. Of the creation of peers.

Of the incidents attending nobility. Of the commonalty

76 to 79

CHAPTER XIII.

OF THE MILITARY AND MARITIME STATES.

Of the military state.

under the mutiny acts.

fleet.

Of the militia. Of the articles of war framed

Of the naval laws. Of the discipline of the

79 to 81

CHAPTER XIV.

OF MASTER AND SERVANT.

Of ap-

Of the private relations of persons. Of menial servants.

prentices. Of masters and workmen. Of labourers. Of the rights and

liabilities of masters in respect of their servants

CHAPTER XV.

OF HUSBAND AND WIFE.

81 to 83

Of husband and wife. Of marriage. Of the disabilities and inca-

pacities to contract marriage, and the provisions of 5 & 6 Wm. 4, c. 64,

thereon, and of 4 Geo. 4, c. 76, and 6 & 7 Wm. 4, c. 85, as to the solem-

nization and registration of marriages. Of divorce. Of alimony. Of

the legal consequences of marriage, and of its dissolution

CHAPTER XVI.

83 to 86

OF PARENT AND CHILD.

Of the relation of parent and child. Of the duties of parents to their

children, and their legal liabilities. Provisions of 6 & 7 Wm. 4, c. 86, as

to the registry of births and deaths. Of the power of parents over their

children. Of the duties of children to their parents. Of bastards. Of

the writ de ventre inspiciendo. Of the duty of parents to their bastard

children, and the provisions of 4 & 5 Wm. 4, c. 76, and 2 & 3 Vict. c. 85,

thereon. Of the rights and capacities of bastards
87 to 90

CHAPTER XVII.

OF GUARDIAN AND WARD.

Of the relation of guardian and ward. Of the several species of

guardians. Of the power of guardians. Of wards. Of infants; their

privileges, capacities, and disabilities, and the provisions relative thereto

of 11 Geo. 4, and 1 Wm. 4, c. 60, and 11 Geo. 4 and 1 Wm. 4, c. 65

90 to 92

CHAPTER XVIII.

OF CORPORATIONS.

Of corporations; aggregate and sole; ecclesiastical and lay; civil

and eleemosynary. Provisions of the municipal corporations act,

5 & 6 Wm. 4, c. 76. Corporations, how created. The powers and

rights of corporations; their privileges and disabilities; their duties ;

how visited; how dissolved.
92 to 97

BOOK THE SECOND.

OF THE RIGHTS OF THINGS.

CHAPTER I.

OF PROPERTY IN GENERAL.

Origin of the rights of things; and of the transfer of property.. 98 to 100

CHAPTER II.

OF REAL PROPERTY-OF CORPOREAL HEREDITAMENTS.

The objects of real property. Of things real. Of corporeal here-

ditaments

100 to 101

CHAPTER III.

OF INCORPOREAL HEREDITAMENTS.

Of advowsons; presentative; collative; and donative. Limitation for

recovery of advowsons by 3 and 4 Wm. 4, c. 27, and 4 & 5 Wm. 4, c. 39.

Of Tithes. Limitation for recovery of tithes by 3 & 4 Wm. 4, c. 27.

Provisions of 6 & 7 Wm. 4, c. 71, 7 Wm. 4 and 1 Vict. c. 69, and 1 & 2 Vict.

c. 64, as to the commutation of tithes for rent charge. The average

prices of corn for seven years previous to Dec. 1835. Provisions of

1 & 2 Vict. c. 62, as to merger of tithes. Provisions of 6 Wm. 4, c. 20,

and 6 & 7 Wm. 4, c. 64, as to renewal of leases by ecclesiastical corpora-

tions sole. Of discharge from tithes by modus, and the provisions of

2 & 3 Wm. 4, c. 100, thereon. Of the prescriptive discharge de non

decimando. Of rights of common, and the provisions of 2 & 3 Wm. 4,

c. 71, as to claims to rights of common. Common of pasture. Common

appendant; appurtenant; of vicinage; in gross. Common of piscary,

and of turbary. Of ways; and the provisions of 5 & 6 Wm. 4, c. 50, as

to stopping up highways, bridle-ways, and foot-ways. Of offices. Of

franchises, corodies and annuities. Of rents. Rent-service. Rent-

charge. Rent-seck. Rents of assize. Chief-rents and quit-rents. Rack-

rent; and fee-farm-rent...

101 to 113

CHAPTER IV.

OF THE FEODAL SYSTEM.

Origin of the feudal law. Introduction of the feudal system into

England. The principles and order of the feudal succession; its obli-

gations of homage, suit, and service. Origin of rents. Some points of

difference between the Roman and the feudal course of succession. The

latter peculiar to that system of polity. . . . .

114 to 119

CHAPTER V.

OF THE ANCIENT ENGLISH TENURES.

Of the ancient English tenures.

Description of the principal lay

tenures, as distinguished by the nature of the services due in respect of

them;
which were free, or base, certain, or uncertain. Of tenure by

knight service, free socage, and absolute villenage. Of aids. Reliefs.

Primer seisin. Wardship. Marriages. Fines. Escheats. Tenure by

grand sergeanty. Degenerating of knight service into escuage, or pecu-

niary assessments; and the abolition of the military tenures.. 120 to 125

CHAPTER VI.

OF THE MODERN ENGLISH TENURES.

Of the tenures of socage and frankalmoign. The honorary services

of grand sergeanty, and the tenure by copy of court roll, reserved on

the abolition of the military tenures. Of petit sergeanty. Burgage

tenure. Borough English. The socage and feudal tenures compared.

Origin and nature of manors. Of courts baron. Necessary antiquity of

manors. Origin of tenure by copy of court roll. Variety of customs.

Requisites of a copyhold tenure. Appendages of a copyhold tenure

that it has in common with free tenures; as fealty, services, reliefs,

and escheats. Of heriots, wardship, and fines, annexed to copyholds.

Of the tenure of ancient demesne. All lay tenures are now reduced

to free tenure in common socage, or base, by copy of court roll.. 125 to 133

CHAPTER VII.

OF FREEHOLD ESTATES OF INHERITANCE.

Of the nature and properties of estates. Of the different species of

estates of freehold. Of tenants in fee simple. Sense of the word fee.

Distinction between corporeal and incorporeal hereditaments. Necessary

words in the grant of a fee. The rule respecting words of limitation in

devises by will as altered by 7 Wm. 4 and 1 Vict. c. 26. Of limited fees.

Of base or qualified fees. Of conditional fees at the common. Of the

statute de donis conditionalibus, and the effect of the construction of it by

the courts. What may or may not be entailed under the statute de donis.

Of estates tail, which are either general or special; or in tail male or tail

female. Of the incidents to a tenancy in tail under the statute de donis.

Provisions of 3 & 4 Wm. 4, c. 74, abolishing fines and recoveries, and

substituting other modes of assurance; and repealing the bankrupt act

6 Geo. 4, c. 16, as to estates tail, and providing for the disposition of the

lands of bankrupt's tenants in tail; and its provisions as to all disposi-

tions of lands, &c. by married women. Of leases and dispositions by

way of mortgage by tenants in tail, and the provisions of 3 & 4 Wm. 4,

c. 74, relative thereto. . . . .

....

CHAPTER VIII.

OF FREEHOLDS NOT OF INHERITANCE.

133 to 141

Of freehold estates for life only. Of estates for life created by deed

or grant. Of estates for life determinable upon contingencies. The

incidents to an estate for life. Of emblements, and of the destination

of estates pur uutre vie; of intestates, whether corporeal or incorporeal,

under 7 Wm. 4 and 1 Vict. c. 26. As to the undertenants or lessees of

tenants for life. Of tenancy in tail after possibility of issue extinct. Of

tenancy by the curtesy. Of tenant in dower. Provisions of 3 & 4 Wm. 4,

c. 105, amending the law relating to dower. Of the manner of endow-

ment; and of the mode of barring dower. Of jointure

CHAPTER IX.

OF ESTATES LESS THAN FREEHOLD.

142 to 147

Of estates less than freehold. Of estates for years. Of estates at

will. Of copyhold estates. Of estates by sufferance

CHAPTER X.

OF ESTATES UPON CONDITION.

......

148 to 152

Of estates upon condition. Of estates upon condition implied. Of

estates upon condition expressed. The distinction between a condition

in deed, and a limitation or condition in law. Conditions, how avoided.

Of estates held in pledge or mortgage. Of the equity of redemption in

mortgages

152 to 156