members of his own family. Never, indeed, was a father more deservedly happy in his children; but the eldest, whom he had trained with uncommon care, and who had already, when just of age, advanced in his professional career so far as to be chosen town-clerk of Nottingham, was most unfortunately snatched away by a fever, a few years since. This fatal event produced effects on the doctor's health which alarmed his friends. The symptoms were those of angina pectoris, and they continued till the usual serenity of his mind was restored by time and employment. Some of the last years of his life were the most comfortable; employed only in occupations which were agreeable to him, and which left him master of his own time; witnessing the happy settlement of two of his daughters; contracted in his living within the domestic privacy which he loved; and connected with some of the most agreeable literary companions, and with a set of cordial and kind-hearted friends, he seemed fully to enjoy life as it flowed, and indulged himself in pleasing prospects for futurity. But an unsuspected and incurable disease was preparing a sad and sudden change; a schirrous contraction of the rectum, the symptoms of which were mistaken by himself for a common laxity of the bowels, brought on a total stoppage, which, after a week's struggle, ended in death. Its gradual approach gave him opportunity to display all the tenderness, and more than the usual firmness of his nature. He died amidst the kind offices of mourning friends at Norwich, Nov. 3, 1797. Besides the literary performances already mentioned, Dr. Enfield completed in 1791, the laborious task of an abridgment of Brucker's History of Philosophy," which he comprized in two volumes, 4to. It may be truly said, that the tenets of philosophy and the lives of its professors were never before displayed in so pleasing a form, and with such clearness and elegance of language. Indeed it was his peculiar excellence to arrange and express other men's ideas to the utmost advantage; but it has been objected that in this work he has been sometimes betrayed into inaccuracies by giving what he thought the sense of the ancients in cases where accuracy required their very words to be given.” Yet a more useful or elegant work upon the subject has never appeared in our language, and in our present undertaking we have taken frequent opportunities to acknowledge our obligations to it. Among Dr. Enfield's publica-,

tions not noticed above, were his "Speaker," a selection of pieces for the purpose of recital; "Exercises on Elocution," a sequel to the preceding; "The Preacher's Directory," an arrangement of topics and texts; "The English Preacher," a collection of short sermons from various authors, 9 vols. 12mo; "Biographical Sermons on the principal characters in the Old and New Testament." After his death a selection of his "Sermons" was published in 3 vols. 8vo, with a life by Dr. Aikin. As a divine, Dr. Enfield ranks among the Socinians, and his endeavours in these sermons are to reduce Christianity to a mere system of ethics. 1

ENGHELBRECHTSEN (CORNELIUS), a celebrated painter, was born in 1468, in the town of Leyden, and took for his guide the works of John van Eyck. He was the first that painted in oil in his country; was a good draftsman, and executed with no less vigour than dispatch both in water-colours and in oil. His works, which escaped the disturbances that ravaged the country, being preserved with respect, by the citizens in the town-house of Leyden, were two altar-pictures, with the side-pieces, since put up in the church of Notre-dame du Marais; one representing Christ on the Cross between the Thieves, the other Abraham's Sacrifice, and another, a Descent from the Cross. In the same place is preserved a cartoon in water-colours, representing the adoration of the kings. Lucas van Leyden formed himself on his manner. But the principal work of Enghelbrechtsen, according to his biographer Van Mander, is a picture designed to enrich the tombs of the barons of Lockhorst. It was in their chapel in the church of St. Peter of Leyden, and in 1604 was conveyed to Utrecht, to M. van den Bogaert, son-in-law of M. van Lockhorst. The main subject represents the lamb of the Apocalypse: a multitude of figures, well disposed, the physiognomies noble and graceful, and the delicate style of his pencil render this picture the admiration of all that see it. His genius led him to make a particular study of the emotions of the soul, which he had the art of expressing in every physiognomy. He was considered by the masters his contemporaries as one of the greatest painters of his age. He died at Leyden in 1533, in the sixty-fifth year of his age.9

1 Life as above.-Gleig's Supplement to the Encyclopædia Britannica. Wakefield's Memoirs. ? Descamps, vol. I.-Pilkington.

ENGHELRAMS (CORNELIUS), another artist, was born at Malines in the year 1527. Though he has left chiefly pictures in distemper, yet he is allowed to be a very able artist. His principal works are in the church of St. Rombout. He has represented on a large canvas, the works of mercy. A multitude of figures, well designed, form the object of this grand composition, and among them he is said to have distinguished, with great spirit, the poor that deserve our compassion, from those who do not. His works are dispersed in the principal towns of Germany. At Hamburgh, in the church of St. Catharine, was a grand and learned composition representing the conversion of St. Paul. He painted for the prince of Orange, in the castle of Antwerp, the history of David, from the designs of Lucas van Heere. De Vries painted the architecture of it, the friezes, the terms, and the other ornaments. The whole was executed in water-colours. Enghelrams died in 1583, at the age of fifty-six.'

ENGLISH (HESTER), a French woman by extraction, was eminent for her fine writing in the time of queen Elizabeth and James I. Many of her performances are still extant both in our libraries and private hands; particularly one in the Harcourt family, entitled "Historiæ memorabiles Genesis per Esteram Inglis Gallam," Edenburgi, ann. 1600. It appears by Hearne's spicilegium to Gul. Neubrigensis, vol. III. p. 751, 752, that she was the most exquisite scribe of her age. A curious piece of her performance was in the possession of Mr. Cripps, surgeon in Budge-row, London, entitled "Octonaries upon the vanitie and inconstancie of the world. Writin by Ester Inglis. The firste of Januarie, 1600." It is done on an oblong 8vo, in French and English verse; the French is all in print hand, and the English mostly Italian or secretary, and is curiously ornamented with flowers and fruits painted in water-colours, and on the first leaf is her own picture, in a small form, with this motto,

"De Dieu le bien,

De moy le rien."

All we know of this curious artist is, that she lived single to the age of about forty, and then married Mr. Bartholomew Kello, a North Briton; that she had a son who was educated at Oxford, and was minister of Speckshall, in

Suffolk. His son was sword-bearer of Norwich, and died in 1709. Joseph Hall, bishop of Norwich, when dean of Worcester, 1617, is styled by her, "My very singular friend," in a manuscript dedicated to him, now in the Bodleian library.1

ENNIUS (QUINTUS), an ancient Latin poet, was born at Rudiæ, a town in Calabria, anno U. C. 514, or B. C. 237. That this was the place of his nativity, we learn from himself, as well as from others; and the Florentines at this day claim him for their fellow-citizen. He came at first to Rome, when M. P. Cato was quæstor, whom he had instructed in the Greek language in Sardinia. C. Nepos informs us, that "Cato, when he was prætor, obtained the province of Sardinia, from whence, when he was quæstor there before, he had brought Ennius to Rome: "which we esteem," says the historian, "no less than the noblest triumph over Sardinia." He had a house on the Aventine mount; and, by his genius, conversation, and integrity, gained the friendship of the most eminent persons in the city. Among these were Galba and M. Fulvius Nobilior, by whose son (who, after his father's example, was greatly addicted to learning) he was made free of the city. He attended Fulvius in the war against the Etolians and Ambraciotæ, and celebrated his victories over those nations. He fought likewise under Torquatus in Sardinia, and under the elder Scipio; and in all these services distinguished himself by his uncommon valour. He was very intimate with Scipio Nasica, as appears from Cicero: Nasica, going one day to visit Ennius, and the maid-servant saying that he was not at home, Scipio found that she had told him so by her master's orders, and that Ennius was at home. A few days after, Ennius coming to Nasica, and inquiring for him at the door, the latter called out to him, "that he was not at home." Upon which Ennius answering, "What! do I not know your voice?" Scipio replied, "You have a great deal of assurance; for I believed your maid, when she told me, that you were not at home; and will not you believe me myself?" Ennius was a man of uncommon virtue, and lived in great simplicity and frugality. He died at the age of seventy years; and his death is said to have been occasioned by the gout, contracted by an immoderate

Massey's Origin and Progress of Letters.

use of wine, of which he always drank very freely before he applied himself to writing. This Horace affirms:

Ennius ipse pater nunquam nisi potus ad arma
Prosiluit dicenda.

Lib. i. epist. 19.

Inspir'd with wine old Ennius sung, and thought
With the same spirit that his heroes fought.

monument.

PITT.

He was interred in the Appian way, within a mile of the city, in Scipio's sepulchre; who had so great an esteem and friendship for him, that he ordered him to be buried in his sepulchre, and a statue to be erected to him upon his Valer. Maximus observes, that "Scipio paid these honours to Ennius, because he thought that his own actions received a lustre from that poet's writings; and was persuaded, that the memory of his exploits would last as long as the Roman empire should flourish."

Ennius is said to have been perfectly well skilled in the Greek language, and to have endeavoured to introduce the treasures of it among the Latins. Suetonius tells us, that "he and Livius Andronicus were half Greeks, and taught both the Greek and Latin languages at home and abroad." He was the first among the Romans who wrote heroic verses, and greatly polished the Latin poetry. He wrote the Annals of Rome, which were so highly esteemed, that they were publicly recited with unusual applause by Quintus Vargonteius, who digested them into books; and they were read at Puteoli in the theatre by a man of learning, who assumed the name of the Ennianist. He translated several tragedies from the Greek, and wrote others. He published likewise several comedies; but, whether of his own invention, or translated by him, is uncertain. He gave a Latin version of Evemerus's sacred history, and Epicharmus's philosophy; and wrote Phagetica, epigrams; Scipio, a poem; Asotus or Sotadicus, satires; Protreptica & Præcepta, and very probably several other works. It appears from his writings, that he had very strong sentiments of religion. The fragments of Ennius, for there are nothing but fragments left, were first collected by the two Stephenses; and afterwards published by Jerom Columna, a Roman nobleman, with a learned commentary, and the life of Ennius, at Naples, 1590, 4to. Columna's edition was reprinted at Amsterdam, 1707, 4to, with seve ral additions by Hesselius, professor of history and elo