Adda-Augereau occupies Pavia-Massena marches for Milan-Reflec-

tions-Anecdote of a Hungarian captain

CHAPTER VIII.

From the 14th to the 21st of May 1796.

135

The duke of Parma solicits a suspension of arms-Forbearance of Bonaparte

-Conditions of the truce-The St. Jerome of Correggio-The duke's offer

to ransom it is rejected-Bonaparte's letter to the directory-State of the

public mind in Milan-Flight of the archduke-His pusillanimity- A de-

putation sent to Bonaparte-Massena enters Milan-invests the castle-

Public entry of Bonaparte-The French received as friends-The provi-

sional government-Contribution-Justice but inconvenience of that mea-

sure-Purity and self-denial of Bonaparte-His reply to Salicetti-His

letter to the astronomer Oriani-His communication to the professors of

the university of Pavia-Penury and nakedness of the army relieved—

Armistice with the duke of Modena-Paintings and manuscripts taken

from the gallery and library of Milan-Bonaparte's address to his army—

Circumstances under which it was issued
163

CHAPTER IX.

From the 21st to the 28th of May 1796.

Plan of the directors for dividing the army of Italy-Their probable and

pretended motives-Remonstrance of Bonaparte-The plan of dividing

the army abandoned-Good effects of Bonaparte's remonstrance-His au-

thority enlarged-He renews military operations-Leaves Milan-Revolt

of Pavia-He returns to Milan-Burns Binasco, and storms Pavia-The

revolt suppressed-Moderation of Bonaparte-Sends hostages into France

-The army reaches the Oglio-Uneasiness of Berthier-Bonaparte rejoins

the army-Enters Brescia-His proclamation-Reception by the Venetian

authorities-Instructions of the directory respecting Venice.. 177

CHAPTER X.

From the 28th to the 31st of May 1796.

Spirit and perseverance of Beaulieu-Prepares to defend the passage of the

Mincio-Bonaparte resolves to force it-Battle of Borghetto-Gallantry

of Murat-Of Gardanne and the grenadiers-Danger of Bonaparte-The

corps of guides-Augereau enters Peschiera, and Massena Verona-The

Austrians, with the exception of the garrisons of Mantua and Milan,

driven out of Lombardy-The French reach the Adige—Satisfaction of

Bonaparte His account of the grenadiers—Chagrin of Beaulieu-His

letter to the Aulic council-His recall-Fieldmarshal Wurmser ap-

pointed to succeed him

191

CHAPTER XI.

From the 31st of May to the 5th of June 1796.

Bonaparte occupies Peschiera, and Verona-Posts his army of observation

on the Adige-Features and strength of this line-The army of the siege

commanded by Serrurier-Augereau cooperates with it-Neutrality of

Venice-Transactions with that state-Threats of Foscarelli-Reply of

Bonaparte-Proposes an armed neutrality to the Venetian commissioners

-His proposition rejected-Prophetic remark of the commissioners-

Agreement for the supply of the army-Penury and inaction of the armies

on the Rhine-Project of the directors for obtaining a loan from Venice-

Bonaparte promotes it-The senate recall Foscarelli, and appoint Bat-

taglia-Louis XVIII.—Sentiments of Bonaparte on entering Verona-Im-

portance of reducing Mantua-Its situation-Island of the Seraglio-

Four suburbs taken possession of by the French-Prisoner in a convent-

Bonaparte sets off for Milan

CHAPTER XII.

From the 5th of June to the 3d of July 1796.

199

Causes of Bonaparte's return to Milan, and to the right bank of the Po―

The quarrel with Rome-Armistice with Naples-Alarm of the Pope-

The executive commissaries-The extent of their powers-The Directors

adopt the policy of Bonaparte-His occupations at Milan-Converts the

blockade of the castle into a siege-His correspondence—His attention to

the family of general Laharpe-Insurrection of the Imperial Fiefs-Atro-

cities of the Barbets-Suppressed and punished-Bonaparte writes to the

Senate of Genoa-The senate promises to comply with his demands—His

proclamation to the inhabitants of the Tyrol-He dismantles the fort of

Fuentes-The expeditions to Bologna, and Leghorn-He goes to Modena

Reduces the fort of Urbino-Enters Bologna-Releases the cardinal legate

on his parole-An example of ecclesiastical honour-Disposition of the

Bolognese-Their reception of Bonaparte-The Spanish Jesuits-Over-

tures of the Pope-Armistice of Bologna—Faux pas of the commissaries

Bonaparte joins the column of general Vaubois-The armistice of Brescia

ratified—Bonaparte writes to the Grand Duke of Tuscany-Marches upon

Leghorn-Arrests the Tuscan governor-The English cruisers, and mer-

b

chant vessels escape from the harbour-The English merchandize seized

-Vaubois appointed governor of Leghorn-Bonaparte visits his relative

the Abbé-Repairs to Florence-Dines with the Grand Duke-Visits the

galleries of the Fine Arts, and of Anatomy-The castle of Milan surren-

ders-Bonaparte returns to Bologna-Thence to Roverbello-Revolt of

Lugo-Suppressed by Augereau.
213

CHAPTER XIII.

From the 3d to the 21st of July 1796.

Mantua blockaded-Massena's attack on the Austrian works-His success,

and the satisfaction of Bonaparte-Sickness of the troops, and want of

reenforcements-Bonaparte visits Verona and Milan-Warlike prepa-

rations of Venice-Bonaparte occupies all the strong places on the Adige

-His confidence-He meets Josephine-Expedition to Corsica prepared—

The count de Marsan-Bonaparte returns to Mantua-Failure of his at-

tempt to surprise it—Opens trenches-His correspondence with Josephine

-Goes to Castiglione-His correspondence with the directory-Affairs at

Leghorn-Bonaparte's dissatisfaction-His letters to Vaubois and Garrau

-The Grisons-Bonaparte sends a minister to Rome-His suggestion to

the directory-His order respecting the extortions of the army around

Mantua Figment of the Aulic council

CHAPTER XIV.

From the 21st of July to the 21st of August 1796.

238

The French armies on the Rhine-Influence of Bonaparte on their opera-

tions-Efforts of Austria, to form a new army in Italy-Strength of

Wurmser's army-Comparative weakness of that of Bonaparte-Wurmser

opens the campaign-His plan-Forces Joubert-Falls upon Massena-

Progress of Quasdonowich-Plan of Bonaparte-He raises the siege of

Mantua—Withdraws Massena and Augereau from the Adige-Moves

against Quasdonowich-Combat of Lonato-Brescia retaken-Salo re-

taken-Battle of Lonato-Of Castiglione-Defeat and retreat of Wurmser

-Activity and exposure of Bonaparte-Combat of Peschiera-Verona

retaken-The Austrians driven back into the Tyrol-Reflections.

CHAPTER XV.

From the 25th of August to the 1st of September 1796.

259

Blockade of Mantua renewed-State of the public mind in Lombardy—

Firmness of the French party in Milan-Letter of Bonaparte-Revolt of

Casal Maggior-Bonaparte's order-Public sentiment south of the Po-

The jesuits of Bologna-Proceedings of the Pope-Cardinal Mattei-

Leghorn-Good conduct of general Vaubois-Naples-Lucca-The Bar-

bets-Murder of general Dujard-Pusillanimity of the paymasters-Letter

of Bonaparte-The expedition to Corsica-Bonaparte's correspondence

while at Brescia-His opinion of his generals-His soothing letter to ge-

neral Sauret-Colours presented to the directory-The adresses and an-

swers on that occasion-Progress of Jourdan and Moreau-Efforts of

Austria to raise a new army-Bonaparte prepares for fresh operations-

Arrives at Verona.

291

CHAPTER XVI.

From the 1st of September to the 1st of October 1796,

Wurmser resolves on a second invasion-His plan of operations-That of

Bonaparte-He moves against Davidowich-His precautions-Combat of

the Sarca, of Serravalle, of Mori and Marco-Death of general Dubois-

Battle of Roveredo-Defeat and loss of the Austrians-The French enter

Trent-Bonaparte advances to the Lavis-Forces the passage of that river,

and defeats Davidowich-Consternation of the Austrians-Bonaparte re-

turns to Trent-His proclamation to the Tyrolians—Its effect- His pro-

phetic letter to Josephine-Movement and views of Wurmser-Bonaparte

leaves Trent, and pursues him down the Brenta-Combat of Primolano,

of Covolo, of Solagno-Battle of Bassano-Defeat and flight of Wurmser

-Affecting night scene-Mezaros attacks Verona-Repulsed-Critical

situation of Wurmser-He reaches the Adige-Gets possession of the

bridge of Porto Legnano-Bonaparte endeavours to intercept him-Com-

bat of Cerea-Narrow escape of Bonaparte-Wurmser passes the Moli-

nella-Effects his retreat to Mantua—Augereau retakes Porto Legnano-

Combat of Due Castelli-Battle of Saint George-Wurmser defeated and

driven into Mantua—The blockade reestablished—Bonaparte goes to Milan

-Comparative loss of the contending armies-The trophies of the cam-

paign presented to the directory-Letter of Carnot to Bonaparte.

CHAPTER XVII.

From the 1st of October to the 1st of November 1796.

303

Armies of the Rhine-Repulse of Jourdan and retreat of Moreau-Instruc-

tions of the directory-Nullified by the victories of Bonaparte, and falsi-

fied by the retreat of Moreau-Their erroneous views of the war-Their

abortive and contradictory orders-Bonaparte applies for reenforcements

-Increasing sickness of his troops-His absurd project for reducing Mantua

-His efforts to obtain auxiliaries in Italy-The people of Lombardy anxious

for independence—Popular revolution in Reggio and Modena-Seconded

by Bonaparte, and discountenanced by the directors-Correspondence-

Congress of Modena-Cispadan and Transpadan republics-Bonaparte's

proclamation at Bologna-Mission of Cardinal Mattei-Conflicting policy

of the directors-Their military and political plans, equally absurd-Ope-

rations of the archduke Charles-Incapacity of Beurnonville.

CHAPTER XVIII.

August, September, and October 1796.

332

Political situation of the Italian states-Genoa forms an alliance with France

--Bonaparte opens negotiations with Sardinia for the same object-His

letter to the Sardinian minister of state-Its good effect-The king of

Naples marches across the Roman frontier-Intimidated by Bonaparte's

victories and menaces, he retires-Negotiations with Rome-Broken off

at Florence-The Pope suspends formally the execution of the armistice

of Bologna-Vexation of Bonaparte-Intimates a wish to be relieved-

Correspondence with the directory-They give him full powers to treat

with Rome-The indiscreet diplomacy of the French government-Venice

secretly arms-Bonaparte prudently dissembles-His good understanding

with the duke of Parma-The Grand Duke of Tuscany-Insurrection in

Corsica-The English evacuate that island—It is reannexed to France-

Bonaparte's satisfaction-His instructions to general Gentili-His advice

to the directory-Sickness of the troops-Despair of the sick-Bonaparte

encourages them-Makes war on the thievish commissaries, contractors,

and paymasters-His remarkable letter on that subject-His strenuous

application for reenforcements-His discontent with general Willot-His

opinions on military government-Strengthens his position by fortifica-

tions on various points.
355

CHAPTER XIX.

November 1796.

Impression made at Vienna, by the victories of Bonaparte-Effect in Italy

of the reverses of Jourdan and Moreau-Perverse conduct, and probable

motives, of the directory-Disquietude of Bonaparte-Strength and position

of his force-Marshal Alvinzi—His numbers and his plans-Advances to

the Piave-Massena retires-Bonaparte supports his lieutenant-Battle of

Fontenvia-The Austrians driven across the Brenta-Disasters of Vaubois

-Bonaparte marches back to Verona-Reviews the division of Vaubois-

Rebukes the 39th and 85th-Their grief and mortification—Alvinzi ap-