Children Talk About the MindOxford University Press, 26 янв. 1995 г. - Всего страниц: 248 What, exactly, do children understand about the mind? And when does that understanding first emerge? In this groundbreaking book, Karen Bartsch and Henry Wellman answer these questions and much more by taking a probing look at what children themselves have to tell us about their evolving conceptions of people and their mental lives. By examining more than 200,000 everyday conversations (sampled from ten children between the ages of two and five years), the authors advance a comprehensive "naive theory of mind" that incorporates both early desire and belief-desire theories to trace childhood development through its several stages. Throughout, the book offers a splendidly written account of extensive original findings and critical new insights that will be eagerly read by students and researchers in developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, philosophy, and psycholinguistics. |
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Стр. iv
... Knowledge , Theory of , in children . I. Wellman , Henry M. II . Title . BF723.C5B27 1995 150'.83 - dc20 94-8235 13 5 7 9 8 642 Printed in the United States of America on acid - free paper To David , Daniel , Daniel , and Ned A.
... Knowledge , Theory of , in children . I. Wellman , Henry M. II . Title . BF723.C5B27 1995 150'.83 - dc20 94-8235 13 5 7 9 8 642 Printed in the United States of America on acid - free paper To David , Daniel , Daniel , and Ned A.
Стр. 5
... knowledge , and emotions . As a contrast , consider how differently we would interact with one another if we were behaviorists instead of mentalists , attempting to clas- sically or operantly condition one another's behavior ...
... knowledge , and emotions . As a contrast , consider how differently we would interact with one another if we were behaviorists instead of mentalists , attempting to clas- sically or operantly condition one another's behavior ...
Стр. 8
... knowledge of com- monsense Homo sapiens psychology innate . And I would have made this innately apprehended commonsense psychology ( at least approximately ) true " ( Fodor , 1987 , p . 132 ) . Alternatively , perhaps theory of mind ...
... knowledge of com- monsense Homo sapiens psychology innate . And I would have made this innately apprehended commonsense psychology ( at least approximately ) true " ( Fodor , 1987 , p . 132 ) . Alternatively , perhaps theory of mind ...
Стр. 9
... knowledge about the mind . There are gaps , contradictions , and significant shortcomings in our understanding . What researchers now agree on is that the development of a comprehensive view of conceptions and developments within a ...
... knowledge about the mind . There are gaps , contradictions , and significant shortcomings in our understanding . What researchers now agree on is that the development of a comprehensive view of conceptions and developments within a ...
Стр. 10
... knowledge is patched together from bits and pieces of data representing a great number of children of different ages . Does the admittedly sketchy picture of development that emerges from experimental studies of groups of different ...
... knowledge is patched together from bits and pieces of data representing a great number of children of different ages . Does the admittedly sketchy picture of development that emerges from experimental studies of groups of different ...
Содержание
| 3 | |
| 17 | |
3 Talk about Thoughts and Beliefs | 37 |
4 Talk about Desires | 65 |
5 Desires and Beliefs | 95 |
6 Explanations and Arguments | 112 |
7 Individual Differences | 127 |
8 Childrens Developing Theory of Mind | 143 |
9 Alternatives and Controversies | 174 |
Questions and Conclusions | 206 |
REFERENCES | 217 |
INDEX | 227 |
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
3-year-olds ADAM ADULT analyses appeal to beliefs apple behavior belief contrastives belief terms beliefs and desires Brian MacWhinney causal Chapter children's early children's talk children's understanding coded cognitive Cohen's kappa conception conversations desire contrastives desire psychology desire terms developmental direction of fit Dunn emotions everyday example explain action explicit false belief Flavell folk psychology genuine psychological references genuine reference Gopnik individual contrastives intentional intentional stance knowledge language mental contents mentalistic Naomi object Perner predict reasoning reference to belief reference to desire reference to thoughts representational mental Ross samples Sarah Shatz simple desire simply simulation sort specific subjective contrastives Table talk about beliefs talk about desires talk about thoughts target person tasks theory of mind theory-theory think and know thought-reality contrastives thoughts and beliefs transcripts understanding of belief understanding of desires understanding of mental understanding of mind utterances verbs versus wanna Wellman young children
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Стр. 186 - Predict that the agent will act in a way that will satisfy his desires. H2 Predict that the agent will act in a way that would satisfy his desires if his beliefs were true.
Стр. 8 - Here is what I would have done if I had been faced with this problem in designing Homo sapiens. I would have made a knowledge of commonsense Homo sapiens psychology innate; that way nobody would have to spend time learning it.
Стр. 219 - Early conversations about causality: Content, pragmatics, and developmental change. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11, 107-123. Dunn, J., Brown, J., & Beardsall, L. (1991). Family talk about feeling states and children's later understanding of others
Стр. 162 - The function of specific theories within the research tradition is to explain all the empirical problems in the domain by "reducing" them to the ontology of the research tradition.... Moreover, the research tradition outlines the different modes by which these entities can interact. Thus, Cartesian particles can only interact by contact, not by action-at-a-distance. Entities within a Marxist research tradition can only interact by virtue of the economic forces influencing them (Laudan, 1977, p.
Стр. 162 - In brief, a research tradition provides a set of guidelines for the development of specific theories. Part of those guidelines constitute an ontology which specifies, in a general way, the types of fundamental entities which exist in the domain or domains within which the research tradition is embedded. The function of specific theories within the research tradition is to explain all the empirical problems in the domain by 'reducing...
Стр. 208 - The central thesis in this book is that the 1 -year-old child's intentionality drives the acquisition of language. Our intentional states - the beliefs, desires, and feelings that we have - are themselves unobservable, but they determine how we relate to one another in everyday events. Children learn language for acts of expression in the effort to make known to others what their own thoughts and feelings are about, and for acts of interpretation in the effort to share the thoughts and feelings of...
Стр. 86 - ... different from the outcomes they point toward or the actions that would satisfy them. Moreover, young children refer to desires that differ across individuals and that are subjective. Abe (2: 10): No. Adult: You don't like it? Abe: You like it? Adult: Yes. 1 do. Abe: But I don't like it. Adult: No, I don't want any (watcr poured on her). Sarah (2: 11): Why? Adult: Because I don't like to get wet. Sarah: Huh. Don't like to get wet? Swim? You want you swim?
Стр. 78 - I'm gonna eat these raisins. I want some cookies. Adult: We don't have any. Ross: My cookie monster wants my mommy to make some cookies for him. Individual Contrastives Adult: I want you to tell her about this bookAdam (2:8): Don't want book.
Стр. 70 - Adam (2:7): Eat mommy. Mother: Eat? Adam: Yeah. Mother: I'm not hungry. Adam: Want spoon? Mother: No thank you. Adam: OK. You don't want a spoon. You don't want a spoon. Ross (2:6): He scratched me, Adult: Didn't it hurt? Ross: Yeah. I want a band-aid. The boy hurt me. Adult: The boy hurt you? How did the boy hurt you? Ross: The boy wanted to. Sarah (2:8): My new book. Adult: A new book. Sarah: New book. Wan
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Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development 1996 Margaret E. Hertzig,Ellen A. Farber Ограниченный просмотр - 1996 |
Language in Cognitive Development: The Emergence of the Mediated Mind Katherine Nelson Ограниченный просмотр - 1998 |