The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before PascalJHU Press, 2001 - Всего страниц: 497 Before Pascal and Fermat's discovery of the mathematics of probability in 1654, how did we make reliable predictions? What methods in law, science, commerce, philosophy, and logic helped us to get at the truth in cases where certainty was not attainable? In this text, James Franklin examines how judges, witch inquisitors, and juries evaluated evidence; scientists weighed reasons for and against scientific theories; and merchants counted shipwrecks to determine insurance rates. Sometimes this type of reasoning avoided numbers entirely, as in the legal standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt; at other times it involved rough numerical estimates, as in gambling odds or the level of risk in chance events. |
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... Canon Law 20; Grades of Evidence and Torture 24; The Postglossators Bartolus and Baldus: The Completed Theory 28; The Inquisition 33; Law in the East 37 3. Renaissance Law 40 Henry VIII Presumed Wed 40; Tudor Treason Trials 41 ...
... Canon Law 20; Grades of Evidence and Torture 24; The Postglossators Bartolus and Baldus: The Completed Theory 28; The Inquisition 33; Law in the East 37 3. Renaissance Law 40 Henry VIII Presumed Wed 40; Tudor Treason Trials 41 ...
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Содержание
1 The Ancient Law of Proof | 1 |
Suspicion Halfproof and Inquisition | 12 |
3 Renaissance Law | 40 |
4 The Doubting Conscience and Moral Certainty | 64 |
5 Rhetoric Logic Theory | 102 |
6 Hard Science | 131 |
7 Soft Science and History | 162 |
Action and Induction | 195 |
Insurance Annuities and Bets | 258 |
11 Dice | 289 |
12 Conclusion | 321 |
The Survival of Unquantified Probability | 362 |
Review of Work on Probability before 1660 | 373 |
Notes | 385 |
487 | |
Laws of God Laws of Nature | 228 |
Другие издания - Просмотреть все
The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal James Franklin Ограниченный просмотр - 2015 |
The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal James Franklin Ограниченный просмотр - 2002 |
The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability before Pascal James Franklin Ограниченный просмотр - 2015 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
according Ages ancient answer appear argues argument Aristotle authority believe called Cambridge canon cause century certainty chance clear concepts concerning conclusion considered contract dice Digest discussion doubt early effect English equal evidence example exist expected experience explain fact follow further give given happen History ideas induction inference interest involved Journal judge kind knowledge known later least less Letters logic London mathematical matter means medieval method moral nature necessary observations opinion original Paris Pascal Philosophy possible practice present presumption principle probability problem proof propositions proved question quoted reason regarded result Rhetoric risk Roman rules Scholastic seems side signs similar Studies taken theory things thought throws tion torture trans true truth witnesses writes York