tations and Ceremonies-Conduct of Public Business-Property in Land - Communal Property — Laws of Inheritance Absence of Wills-Roman Wills-Rights of Children-The Vasu-Custom of Naming Parents after Children-Laws of Inheritance-The Punish- ment of Crime-Regulated Revenge-The Laws of Property-Mani- fest and Non-Manifest Thieves-The Wergild-General Conclusion 431 Difficulty of obtaining Conclusive Evidence-The Stationary Condi- tion of Savages-No Evidence of earlier Civilisation-Evidence derivable from Domestic Animals and Pottery-Indications of Pro- gress among Savages-Savages not incapable of Civilisation-In- digenous Origin of Mexican Civilisation-Progress as indicated by Language Traces of Barbarism in Civilised Countries-Arbitrary The Weapons of Monkeys-True Nature of Barbarism-Sequence of Customs-The Diffusion of Mankind-The Influence of External Conditions The Esquimaux-Original and Universal Barbarism- Supposed Inevitability of Degradation-Supposed Evidence of De- gradation-The Survival of Customs-Progress of Religious Ideas- Fetichism-Totemism-Idolatry-The True Theory of the Four Ages-Evidence from Crossed Races-Similarity existing between Savages and Children-Language of Savages-Tendency to Redu- ILLUSTRATIONS. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. FRONTISPIECE-VIEW OF STONEHENGE. From an original drawing by M. I. SKETCH OF MAMMOTH, on a piece of ivory, found in the Rockshelter at La Madeleine, in the Dordogne . . . To face II. FEEJEEAN MODES OF DRESSING THE HAIR. After Williams. 'Fiji III. INDIAN SACRED STONES. PAGE 37 65 After Forbes Leslie. 'Early Races of V. GROUP OF SACRED STONES IN THE DEKHAN. After Forbes Leslie. 'Early Races of Scotland,' vol. ii. p. 460. To face 361 FIG. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES. 1. GROUP OF REINDEER. From a photograph presented to me by M. le Marquis de Vibraye 2-4. DRAWINGS ON ESQUIMAUX BONE DRILLBOWS. Presented to the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, by Captain Beechey . 5. NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN CENSUS ROLL. After Schoolcraft. 'History of the Indian Tribes,' vol. ii. p. 222 6. INDIAN GRAVEPOST. After Schoolcraft. Tribes,' vol. i. p. 356 38 39 46 'History of the Indian 47 7. INDIAN GRAVEPOST. After Schoolcraft. Tribes,' vol. i. p. 356 'History of the Indian 47 9. INDIAN BARK LETTER. After Schoolcraft. History of the Indian Tribes,' vol. i. p. 336 50 12. CAROLINE ISLANDER. After Freycinet. Voyage autour du Monde,' 13. NEW ZEALAND HEAD. After Freycinet. Voyage autour du Monde,' 64 14. NEW ZEALAND HEAD. After Freycinet. Voyage autour du Monde,' pl. 107 64 15-17. SHOULDER-BLADES PREPARED FOR DIVINATION. After Klemm, All. Cultur. d. Mens.' vol. iii. p. 200 231 18. A SACRED DANCE OF THE VIRGINIANS. Lafitau, vol. ii. p. 135. 248 261 20. SACRED STONES. Fiji Islands. Williams, loc. cit. vol. i. p. 220 302 |