A

Aaron: martyred, 14

Abercrombie, James: made commander-
in-chief of forces in America, 500
Abercromby, Sir Ralph: his expedition
to Egypt, 551

Aberdeen, George Hamilton Gordon,
Earl of his foreign policy, 603
Aboukir Bay: battle of (1798), 549
Abraham, Heights of: battle of (1759),
500

Aclea (Ockley): battle of (851 A.D.),
42

Acre: captured by Richard, 113
Addington, Henry, Viscount Sidmouth:

becomes premier, 551; enters Pitt's
ministry, 556; in All the Talents
Ministry, 558

Addison, Joseph: sketch of, 461
Addled Parliament, The (1614), 311
Adrian IV, Pope: presents Ireland to

Henry II of England, 107
Adrian VI, Pope: accession of, 243
Adulterine Castles: destruction of, 96
Elfred the Great, king of England:

reign of, 43; death of, 45
Æthefrith: his struggle with the
Kymry, 31

Æthelbald, king of the Mercians: con-
quers Wessex, 39

Æthelbald, king of England: reign of,

Aidan: his efforts to convert the men
of North-humberland, 35
Aix-la-Chapelle, Peaces of: (1668), 393;
(1748), 488

Alabama Affair, The, 622

Alasco, John: teachings of, 268
Alban: martyred, 14

Albert Francis Augustus Charles Em-
manuel, prince-consort of England:
marries Queen Victoria, 598; death
of, 622

Alençon, François, Duke of: plans mar-
riage with Elizabeth of England,
287, 292; death of, 293
Alexander III, Pope: attempts to rec-

oncile Henry II of England and
Thomas à Becket, 102

Alexander I, emperor of Russia: asks
aid of England against France,
559

Alexander II, emperor of Russia: ac-
cession of, 617

Alexander III, king of Scotland: death
of, 146

Alexandria: siege of (1801), 551
Allen, William: founds a seminary for
Catholic missionaries to England,

291

Alma: battle of the (1854), 615
Alnwick: battle of (1174), 108
Althorp, Lord: see Spencer, John
Charles, Earl Spencer

Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo,
Duke of: governor of the Nether-
lands, 285

Amiens, Mise of (1264), 140
Amiens, Treaty of (1802), 552
Anderida: captured by Saxons, 18
Angles: invade Britain, 19
Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 642
Annates, Act of (1532), 250
Annates, Act of (1534), 252
Anne, queen of Great Britain: joins Wil-
liam III, 430; reign of, 453; death
of, 466

Anne of Bohemia: marries Richard II
of England, 180

Anne of Brittany: aided by England,

225; marries Charles VIII of
France, 226

Anne of Cleves: marries Henry VIII
of England, 260
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury:

made archbishop, 84; resists Wil-
liam Rufus, 85; recalled to Eng-
land, 88; his quarrel with Henry
I. 89

Anti-Corn Law League: formed, 600;
growth of, 605

Appeals, Act of (1533), 250
Arabi Pasha: rebellion of, 634
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Marquis

of: in civil war in Scotland, 352
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of:
execution of, 422

Argyle, John Campbell, Duke of:
crushes rebellion of Mar, 470
Arkwright, Sir Richard: inventions of,
533

Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of:

Arthur of England, Prince: claims
throne, 121; murdered, 122
Arundel, Earl of: wins naval victory,

181; takes up arms against Richard
II, 181; executed, 184
Arundel, Thomas, Archbishop of Can-
terbury: banished, 184

Ashley, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord:
see Shaftsbury, Charles Ashley
Cooper, Earl of
Assiento Treaty (1713), 464
Atbara: battle of the (1898), 638
Augustine, Saint: sent to England. ;
becomes Archbishop of Canterbury,

29

Aulus Plautius: invades Britain, 8
Austerlitz: battle of (1805), 557
Australia: sketch of the history of, 629

B

Babington, Anthony: plots against Eliz
abeth, 294

Bachelors, Knights: see Knights Bach-
elors of England

Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam and
Viscount St. Albans: sketch of,
302; advises James I, 310; fall of,
315
Bacon, Sir Nicholas: character of, 316
Badajoz captured by Wellington, 565
Bæda, "the Venerable Bede": first
English historian, 39

Ball, John: imprisoned, 174
Ballard: plots against Elizabeth, 294
Balliol, Edward: claims Scottish throne,
157

Balliol, John, king of Scotland: does
homage to Edward I of England,
147; renounces his homage, 148
Ballot Act (1872), 627
Bank of England: founded, 441; sus-
pends cash payments (1797), 546;
resumes cash payments, 571
Bannockburn: battle of (1314), 153
Bantry Bay Expedition (1796), 546
Barcelona: captured by the allies
(1705), 456

Barebone's Parliament (1653), 366
Baring, Evelyn, Earl of Cromer: his

work in Egypt, 638

Barnet (Chipping Barnet): battle of
(1471), 217

Barons, Revolts of the: (1075), 78;
(1087), 82; (1172-1174), 108;
(1215), 126

Barrow, Henry: hanged, 301
Bastwick, John: tried before the Star
Chamber, 333

Bate's Case (1606-1608), 309
Bath, William Pulteney, Earl of: see
Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath
Baxter, Richard: imprisoned, 421
Bay of Biscay: battle of (1805), 556
Bayeux Tapestry, 67

Beachy Head: battle of (1689), 438
Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winches-
ter: feud with Duke of Gloucester,
202; becomes cardinal, 202; advo-
cates peace with France, 205; death,
207

Beaufort, John, Duke of Somerset: suc-

ceeds to the command in France,
206; death, 207

Bedford: battle of (571 A.D.), 24
Bedford, John, Duke of: career of, 201
Bedford, John Russell, Duke of: leader

of Parliamentary faction, 507; ad-
mitted to office, 508; death of, 514
Belgians: invade Britain, 6
Bell, Henry: makes first English steam-
boat, 590

Benedict of Nursia: organizes the Ben-
edictine Rule, 29

Benedictine Monks, Order of: founded,

29; increase of their wealth and in-
fluence, 91

Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington: see
Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of
Bentham, Jeremy: sketch of, 578
Bentinck, Lord George: defeats Peel
ministry, 606

Bentinck, William, Earl of Portland:

see Portland, William Bentinck,
Earl of

Bentinck, William Henry Cavendish,

Duke of Portland: see Portland,
William Henry Cavendish Ben-
tinck, Duke of

Beorhtic: his contest with Ecgberht for
West Saxon crown, 40

Berlin, Treaty of (1878), 632
Berlin Decree (1806), 560

Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac :
leader of feudal party in France,

194

Bernicia founding of, 25

Bertha, queen of Kent; marries Æthel-
berht, 27

Bertie, Robert, Earl of Lindsey: see
Lindsey, Robert Bertie, Earl of
Bertrand VII, Count of Armagnac;
murder of, 199

Berwick: siege of (1333), 157
Berwick, Treaty of (1638), 336
Better Government of India, Bill for
(1783), 527

Beverley Minster: built, 141
Bible, The: translated into English, 257
Bigod, Hugh, Justiciar: offends barons,
139

Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk: leads
baronial opposition to Edward I,
149
Birmingham Political Union: demands
Parliamentary reform, 586
Bishops' War, First, 336

Black Death in England: (1348), 163;
(1361), 169

Black Prince: see Edward, Prince of
Wales

Blackwater: battle of (1598), 303
Blake, Robert: commands fleet against

the Dutch, 365; commands expedi-
tion against Tunis and Algiers, 370;
death of, 371

Blanketeers, March of the (1816), 571
Blenheim: battle of (1704), 455
Bloody Assizes, The (1685), 423
Boadicea, wife of a Briton chief: insur-
rection of, IO

Bodleian Library: nucleus of, 238
Boer War, 640

Bohun, Humfrey, Earl of Hereford:
leads baronial opposition to Edward
I, 149

Boleyn, Anne: influence of, over Henry
VIII of England, 246; marriage of,
250; death of, 256

Bolingbroke, Viscount: see St. John,
Henry

Bologna, University of: founding and
growth of, 116

Bombay: acquired by the English
crown, 384

Bonaparte, Napoleon: see Napoleon (I)
Bonaparte

Boniface VIII, Pope: issues the Clericis
laicos, 149

terbury: character of, 137
Bookland: meaning of term, 52
Booth, Sir George: leads uprising, 374
Boroughbridge: battle of (1322), 154
Boscawen, Edward: his expedition
against the French (1759), 501
Boston Massacre (1770), 515
Boston Tea Party (1773), 515
Bosworth: battle of (1485), 222
Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of: his
relations with Mary Queen of
Scots, 282

Bothwell Bridge: battle of (1679),

409

Boulogne: siege of (1544), 261

Bouvines: battle of (1214), 126

Boyne: battle of the (1690), 438
Braddock, Edward: defeat of, 495
Bramham Moor: battle of (1407), 194
Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk: see

Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of
Brandywine: battle of (1777), 517
Breda, Declaration of (1660), 375
Breda, Treaty of (1667), 389
Brember, Mayor of London: hanged,
181

Breslau, Treaty of (1742), 485
Bretigni, Treaty of (1360), 166
Bridgenorth: siege of (1102), 89
Bridgman, Sir Orlando: directs public

opinion concerning Charles II, 380
Bridport, Lord: commands fleet against
the French, 547

Bright, John: leader of Anti-Corn Law
League, 600; opposes China War,
620

of, 152; death of, 157

Brudenel, James Thomas, Lord Cardi-
gan: see Cardigan, James Thomas
Brudenel, Lord

Brunanburh: battle of (927 A.D.), 46
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke
of: executed, 240

Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of:
aids Richard III to win throne,
220; revolts against Richard III,

221

Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke
of: growth of his influence, 312;
attempts to relieve Rochelle, 322;
impeached, 322; assassinated, 325
Buckingham, George Villiers, 2d Duke
of: sketch of, 393; negotiates sham
treaty with France, 396

Buller, Sir Redvers Henry: his cam-
paign in South Africa, 641
Bunker Hill: battle of (1775), 516
Bunyan, John: sketch of, 391
Burdett, Sir Francis: his reform propo-
sals, 583

Burgh, Hubert de: defends Dover Cas-
tle, 129; sends out fleet which de-
feats French, 130; dismissed from
office and arrested, 131

Burgoyne, John: his campaign in Amer-
ica, 517

Burgundy, John the Fearless, Duke of:

see John the Fearless, Duke of
Burgundy

Burke, Edmund: supports repeal of
Stamp Act, 509; proposes reforms
in Parliament; 519; denounces
French Revolution, 540

Burns, Robert: sketch of, 576
Burton, Henry: tried before the Star
Chamber, 333

Bute, John Stuart, Earl of: be-
comes prime minister, 505; resigns,
506

Butler, Joseph: publishes his "Anal-
ogy," 493

Butler, Samuel: sketch of, 391
Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell: agitates

slavery question, 592

Byng, John: fails to relieve Minorca,
496; death of, 498

Byron, George Noel Gordon, Lord:
sketch of, 577

C

Cabot, John: voyages of, 230

Cade, Jack: rebellion of, 209; death of,

210

Cadiz captured by the English (1596),
298

Cadmon, Anglo-Saxon herdman: his
poems, 38

Cadwalla, King of Gwynneld: joins
Penda, 34; downfall of, 35
Caen: siege of (1417), 199

Cæsar, Caius Julius: conquers Gaul, 6;
invades Britain, 7

Caewlin, chief of the West Saxons: his
campaigns against the Angles, 24;
defeated at Wanborough, 25

Calais sieges of (1347), 162; (1557-
1558), 275

Calder, Sir Robert: at battle of Bay of
Biscay, 556

Calixtus III,

anti-Pope: elected by
Frederick Barbarossa, 102
Calvin, John: teachings of, 276
Camden, Charles Pratt, Earl of: see
Pratt, Charles, Earl of Camden
Campbell, Archibald, Marquis of Ar-
gyle: see Argyle, Archibald Camp-
bell, Marquis of

Campeggio, Lorenzo: papal legate to
England, 246

Camperdown: battle of (1797), 548
Camperdown, Adam Duncan, Viscount:

see Duncan, Adam, Viscount Cam-
perdown

Campion, Edmund: executed, 292
Campo-Formio, Treaty of (1797), 548
Camulodunum: founded by the Ro-

mans, 9; massacre of Romans at,

ΙΟ

Canada: union of, 595; organization of

government of, 629

Canning, George: member of Portland
ministry, 559; becomes Foreign Sec-
retary, 573; made Prime Minister,
581; death of, 582

Canning, Sir Stanford: urges Sultan to
refuse the Vienna Note, 614
Canrobert, François Certain: commands
French forces in Crimea, 616
Canterbury: sacked by Northmen, 42
Cape Colony: sketch of its history, 630
Cape St. Vincent: battle of (1797), 547

Capel, Arthur, Earl of Essex: see Es-
sex, Arthur Capel, Earl of
Cardigan, James Thomas Burdenel,
Lord: leads charge of the Light Bri-
gade, 616

Carlisle: fortified by William Rufus, 86
Carlyle, Thomas: sketch of, 613
Caroline, Queen of George II of Eng-
land: her influence over George II,
477; death of, 480

Caroline of Brunswick: marries George
IV of England, 573

Carmarthen: captured by the French,

194

Carr, Robert, Earl of Somerset: rise
of, 310; disgraced, 312
Carteret, John, Earl of Granville: his

rivalry with Walpole, 477; sketch
of, 485; fall of, 486; attempts to
form a ministry, 488

Cartwright, Edmund: invents a power
loom, 534

Cartwright, Thomas: leader of reform
movement, 288

Cary, Lucius, Viscount Falkland: see
Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount
Cassel: battle of (1328), 158
Cassivelaunus, Briton chief: opposes
Cæsar, 7

Castlemaine, Barbara Villiers, Lady:
her influence over Charles II, 389
Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount:

see Stewart, Robert, Marquis of
Londonderry

Catharine of Aragon: marries Prince
Arthur, 229; dispensation for her
marriage to Henry VIII granted,
231; marries Henry VIII of Eng-
land, 235; Henry VIII desires di-
vorce from, 245

Catharine of Braganza: marries Charles
II of England, 384

Catherine of Valois: marries Henry V,

200

Catholic Emancipation, 581

Catesby, Robert: plots against James I
of England, 308

Cavalier Parliament (1661), 382
Cavendish, Lord Frederick: murder of,
634

Cavendish, William, Duke of Devon-
shire: see Devonshire, William Cav-
endish, Duke of