For support of inmates of twenty institutions, of town paupers, and of prisoners, annually, Ten per cent. upon cost of construction of

$1,500,000.

Ten per cent. on costs of prisons and houses of correction,

150,000

Five per cent. on costs of court houses (allowing half the use to be for other purposes than those connected with the administration of criminal law,)

Private organized charities,

45,000

1,000,000

Private unorganized charities (estimated,)
Criminal costs above receipts or fines,

133,000

Put down any fraction of that sum you please, gentlemen, according to the ordinary judgment of men, to the debit of the sale of intoxicating liquors as beverages, and you have a startling representation of the cost of maintaining the liquor traffic in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. You will bring to mind the statement of Ex-Governor Clifford, in his testimony before the Committee in the early part of the hearing, that in submitting his annual report as Attorney-General for the State, (at an early period of our experience under the prohibitory law,) he had occasion to allude to the fact

that $108,000 had been expended in the State in the attempt to execute that law; an expense far too great, he thought, for the good obtained thereby. Lay that $108,000 over against the sum of $8,138,040 for the cost of liquors on the one hand, and $4,236,670, two-thirds, three-quarters, or ninetenths of which should be appropriated to repair the damages caused by the liquor traffic, on the other hand, and is it worthy of a moment's consideration?

Great Britain has had an experience, in this respect, from which it would be well worth our while to learn a lesson. Mr. J. S. Buckingham, member of Parliament, in a work published some years ago, states that the annual contributions to the twelve leading charities of Great Britain amount to only one million pounds sterling, or five millions of dollars; that the government taxes and poorrates amount to £56,000,000 sterling; while the drinking and smoking taxes amount to £77,500,000 sterling, as against one million pounds sterling, the aggregate of the contributions to the twelve great charities of Great Britain. Of those seventy-seven and a half millions for drinking and smoking taxes, all but about seven and a half millions is for the various kinds of intoxicating beverages.

Then again, gentlemen, the use of liquors is a fruitful source of crime. The chaplain of our State Prison testifies, as the result of his actual inquiries, that nineteen-twentieths of the crime committed by those under his care arises from indulgence in intoxicating liquors. Warden Haynes, of the same prison, is reported upon good authority to have said that out of twenty-two murders, the criminals in which he had charge of, twenty were caused by the use of intoxicating liquors. Hon. Eliphalet Trask, Ex-Lieutenant-Governor of the Commonwealth, while acting as chairman of the Committee on Pardons, had more than six hundred applications for pardons before him, all but two or three of which crimes were attributable to the use of intoxicating liquors; and the pardons often were asked for on the ground that the persons committing the crime were under the influence of liquor at the time.

These are terrible facts, gentlemen, and others like them abound. The Rev. Samuel J. May, in a most important statement, made at a meeting held in Auburn, New York, last May, said that 400 suicides in our country, and 500 murders annually result from drinking; and that the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage had

sent 98,000 victims per year to our almshouses, 100,000 to our jails and prisons, and 60,000 to drunkards' graves. Mr. Delavan, in his work upon the "consideration of the temperance argument and history," makes the following quotations from the declarations of judges of courts in Great Britain:

"Judge COLERIDGE. There is scarcely a crime comes before me that is not directly or indirectly caused by strong drink."

66

Judge GUERNEY. Every crime has its origin more or less in drunkenness."

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Judge PATTESON. If it were not for this drinking, you (the jury) and I would have nothing to do."

"Judge ALDERSON. Drunkenness is the most fertile source of crime; and if it could be removed, the assizes of the country would be rendered mere nullities."

"Judge WIGHTMAN. I find in every calendar that comes before me, one unfailing source, directly or indirectly, of most of the crimes that are committed,-intemperance."

And yet Great Britain pays seventy millions pounds sterling annually for that which is the food for this crime.

Hon. John C. Park, in his testimony before this Committee, speaking upon this point, said that nine-nine one-hundredths of all the crime committed spring from the use of intoxicating liquors.

Turn now, gentlemen, to the deterioration of

the race caused, directly or indirectly, by the use of intoxicating liquors. I quote from Carpenter's work on the "Use and Abuse of Alcoholic Liquors":

"Plutarch says 'one drunkard begets another;' and Aristotle remarks that 'drunken women bring forth children like unto themselves.' Dr. W. A. F. Browne, the resident physician of the Crichton Lunatic Asylum at Dumfries, makes the following statements: The drunkard not only injures and enfeebles his own nervous system, but entails mental disease upon his family. His daughters are nervous and hysterical; his sons are weak, wayward, eccentric, and sink insane under the pressure of excitement of some unforeseen exigency, or the ordinary calls of duty. At present I have two patients who appear to inherit a tendency to an unhealthy action of the brain from mothers addicted to drinking; and another, an idiot, whose father was addicted to drinking."

Dr. S. G. Howe, in his Report to the Legislature of Massachusetts, says:―

"The habits of the parents of three hundred of the idiots were learned; and one hundred and forty-five, or nearly onehalf, are reported as known to be habitual drunkards."

I have the testimony, gentlemen, which I will not read, of Dr. Alexander D. W. Martin, of this city, to the same effect, who also cites authorities to prove his position. I will, however, read the testimony of a witness who was before us, Dr. Horatio R. Storer, Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of