Addyston Pipe Company, 331.
Adventurers, 24, 26, 27; method of
securing land, in Virginia, 32, in
Maryland, 37.
Agriculture: colonial, 48, 49, 52, 53-
60, fostering legislation, 61-2; ad-
vantaged by foreign markets, 116,
224, 225, by free land policy, 116,
281-2, 291, by railroad construc-
tion, 241, by inventions, 149, 243-4,
by fertilizers, 245, by government
experiment stations, 245-6; de-
velopment, 180, 213-17, 243, South-
ern, 246-7, 294-5, 296-7; antagonism
of interest, vs. manufactures, 140,
142, 143, 164, 223, vs. shipping, 232,
312, the Grange Movement, 291-2,
315; favored by tariff of 1883, 299,
300, of 1890, 301-2, of 1897, 304;
favored by reciprocity treaties, 301.
Agricultural implements, 149, 243-4,
246, 295, 307; concentration of
industry, 326.
Allegheny Portage Railroad, 207-8.
Amalgamated Association of Iron
and Steel Workers, 329.
American Federation of Labor,
American Sugar Refining Company,
"American System," 190, 223.
Banks: national; Bank of the United
States, 152, 153, 154, 2d national,
194, 195, 196, 197, national bank
system, 270-1, 318-9; state; 153,
154, 194, 197, 197–8, 198–9, 199–200,
271.
Berlin Decree, 172, 175.
Beverley, Robert, 67.
"Bill of adventure," 24.
Bills of credit: colonial, 83-86; Con-
tinental, 105, 105-6, 106-7, 108-9,
depreciation, 106, 107, 108, 110;
issue forbidden to states, 129;
Confederate, 267-8; Federal, 270,
depreciation, 270, redemption,
Binding Twine Trust, 302.
Black Belt, 215, 250, 309, 322.
Blaine, James G., 301.
Bland Act, 314, 315.
Board of Trade and Plantations, 62,
65, 85, 88.
Bonds: Federal, 106, 153, 195, 270,
318, 319; Confederate, 267.
Boone, Daniel, 122, 166.
Boston, 5, 15, 74, 76, 93, 94, 100-1,
115, 134, 216, 237, 238.
Boston and Albany Railroad, 238,
322.
Boycott, 336.
Breweries, 52, 140, 189.
Brisbane, Albert, 263.
Americus Vespucius, 2, 8.
Bureau of Corporations, 331.
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé Cabot, John and Sebastian, 13.
California: ceded to U.S., 20, 215;
discovery of gold, 220, 221.
Calvert, Lord Baltimore, 29, 31.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 211, Canals: Gallatin's plan, 204, 205;
235, 237, 239, 322.
Bankruptcies, 196, 197, 200, 243, 288,
299, 317, 321.
Erie, 202, 204, 205-7; Pennsylvania,
207-8; Delaware and Raritan, 208;
Delaware and Chesapeake, 208-9;
Ohio, 209; Dismal Swamp, 210;
Chesapeake and Ohio, 210;
Chesapeake and Albemarle, 233;
Welland, 234; Sault Ste. Marie,
234; Des Plaines, 234; congres-
sional aid, 209.
Carolinas: colonial, 30, 38, 59-60, 61;
North, 44, 98, 247, 248; South: part
in Revolution, 93, 98, 99, 100, 101;
attitude toward slavery, 44, 45, 117.
119; cotton culture, 179, 248, 249;
cotton manufactures, 249-50, 296;
first railroads, 235, 239; nullifica-
tion, 193; secession, 265.
Cartier, Jacques, 10, 22.
78-9, 81-3, 90-2; Revolutionary
War, 94, 97, IOI, III, 112; national
control of, 112-3, 130-1; discrimi-
nating duties, 131-2; commercial
treaties, 134-7; War of 1812, 137,
172-6; reciprocity policy, 177-8;
effect of Walker tariff, 225, 228;
effect of repeal of Corn Laws, 223,
224; statistics of, 131, 138, 177, 228,
305-9; chart, 63.
Commerce, coastwise, 230, 232-3,
251, 279, 310.
Commerce, Great Lakes, 164, 233-4,
279, 310.
Commerce, Oriental, 132-4, 307, 309.
Cattle, 45, 49, 60, 127, 154, 247, 297, Commerce, transatlantic, decline of,
Chandlers, 140-1.
Chartered companies, 23-6.
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 210.
Cheves, Langdon, 196.
Chicago, 207, 234, 288, 291, 310.
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
Railroad, 322, 323.
Chinese immigration, 284, 332, 341, Congress, Continental, 101, 103, 105–
Clay, Henry, 190, 257.
Cleveland, Grover, 300, 317.
Clothing: homespun, 48, 114; ready
made, 223, 227-8, 341.
Coal: anthracite, 183, 208; bitumi-
nous, 226, 249, 296; statistics of
production, 251, 274; protective
duties, 143, 303.
Coastal plain, 16.
Collective bargain, 335, 338.
Collins Line, 231, 232.
Colonists, character of, 12, 19, 38-9,
57, 58, 59.
Colonization Society, American, 257.
Columbus, Christopher, 2, 8; Bar-
tholomew, 2.
Combinations in restraint of trade,
Commerce: colonial, 5-7, 24, 61, 62,
74, 77, coastwise, 75, West India,
50, 61, 67, 76, 90-1, 101, West
African, 76-7, restrictive legislation,
Congress of the Confederation, 112–
3, 155.
Connecticut, 28, 35, 64, 69, 80, 84, 118.
Copper, 7, 12, 274, 307.
Corn, Indian, 7, 20, 29, 39, 45, 46, 48,
49, 52, 53, 55, 75, 126-7, 189, 224,
299, 301, 302, 317.
Cornbury, Lord, 65.
Cornell, Ezra, 241.
Corn Laws, 76, 223, 224.
Coronado, 9.
Cortés, 8.
Cotton, 37, 64, 76, 81, 149, 162, 179,
182, 190, 191, 199, 200, 215, 217,
224, 248-9, 258, 307.
Cotton gin, 148, 149.
Cotton manufactures, 148–9, 150-1,
180-1, 181-2, 186, 187, 188, 191, 224,
226-7, 249-51, 272, 295-6, 299, 301,
307, 326.
Coxe, Tench, 150, 181, 185.
Cuba, 87, 302, 309.
Cumberland Gap, 121.
Cumberland Road, 166, 205.
Currency: specie; colonial, 45-6, 63,
91, 128, foreign coins, 151-2, sup-
ply, 151, 152, 194, 197, 198, 199,
201, 225, 243, 267, 270, 288, 300,
315, the Specie Circular, 199, sta-
tistics of, 313, 315, legislation, of
1792, 152, of 1834, 198, of 1853, 313,
of 1873, 313-4, of 1878, 314-5, of
1890, 315-6, of 1900, 318; bank
notes, Ist national, 152, 153, 154,
2d national, 195, state banks, 194,
197, 198, 199, 201, 242, 243, 271, sta-
tistics of, 194, 197, 243, the Specie
Circular, 199, present national bank
system, 270-1, 318, 319, circulation,
318, 319; statistics of, 194, 196,
198, 201, 271, 315, 318.
Cutler, Dr. Manasseh, 156.
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91, 112; Grand Banks, 135, 179;
bounties, 252; relative decline,
309.
Fitch, John, 146–148.
Flax, 48, 58, 64, 92, 192, 225, 301.
Florida, 9, 20, 201, 296.
France: colonies in America, 10, 12,
13, 20, 75; commercial treaty with
the U.S., 135.
Franklin, Benjamin, 96, 106, 135, 136.
Free Soil party, 264, 279.
Freedmen's Bureau, 293.
Fremont, J. C., 218, 264.
Fruits: culture, 49, 52, 53, 58, 60, 246,
296; duties on, 76, 78, 97, 304.
Frye, William P., 311, 312.
Fur trade: colonial, 12, 18, 20, 29,
50, 52, 60, 62, 75; farther develop-
ment in the West, 121, 168, 218,
Declaration of Independence, 103, Gallatin, Albert: on importance of
Declaratory Act, 96, 102.
Delaware, Lord, 25.
Department of Agriculture, 245-6.
Dingley Tariff, 303-4, 304-5.
Dismal Swamp Canal, 210.
Douglas, Stephen A., 279.
Drake, Sir Francis, 13, 14..
Eastward Route, 2.
Embargo Act, 173, 174-5.
Employers' Associations, 337-8.
Erickson, Leif, 5.
Erie Canal, 202-4, 205-7.
Exports: colonial, 50, 52, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 76, 102; statistics
of, 102, 138, 174, 179, 224, 226, 275,
305-7, 309; charts, 54, 98, 229, 306.
Fall Line, 16, 249, 296, 322.
Fertilizers, 49, 57, 245, 295, 296.
Field, Cyrus W., 241.
Financial crises: of 1819, 196, of 1837,
198-201, of 1839, 201, of 1857, 242-3,
of 1873, 286-9, of 1884, 299-300,
321, of 1893, 317; chart, 287.
Fisheries: colonial, 20, 29, 39, 50,
national bank, 154; report on
manufactures, 184-5; free trade
memorial, 192; plan for internal
improvements, 204-5.
Georgia, 15, 31, 38, 44, 99, 118, 119,
Gilbert, Ralegh, 26.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 14.
Glass, 26, 97, 141, 223, 272, 301.
Gold: discoveries; Hispaniola, 8,
southern Appalachians, 198, Cali-
fornia, 221, Nevada, 274-5, Alaska,
318; coinage; legislation of 1792,
152, of 1834, 198, of 1900, 318, sup-
ply, 152, 270, 274, 275, 300, 313, 315,
318.
Gold Coast, 18, 43, 76, 118.
Gomez, 9.
Gorges, Sir Fernando, 28, 29, 40.
Gorges, Robert, 40.
Gosnold, Bartholomew, 15.
Gould railway system, 322.
Government debt: Revolutionary
War, 108; Civil War, 271.
Grange Movement, 292.
Gray, Captain Robert, 167.
Great Bridge, 74.
Great Deed of Grant, 38.
Great Britain: colonial policy; claims
to the New World, 13, 14, 15,
character of plantations, 14, 16,
conquest of Dutch and Swedish
colonies, 18, encourages agricul-
ture, 61, discourages manufac-
tures, 62, 65, 67, 71-2, restricts
colonial trade, 78, 79, 81-3, levies
revenue duties, 90, 92, attempts to
vindicate imperial authority, 96;
commercial relations with the
U.S., 112, 137, 171-5, 185, 224.
Great Northern Railroad, 322, 323.
Great Southern Railway, 237.
341; attracted by public lands,
281-2; change in character, 339;
distribution, 339; Chinese, 284,
332, 342; German, 19, 53, 155, 213,
277, 339; Irish, 42, 58, 155, 213,
277, 284, 339; Italian, 19, 339;
Japanese, 343; Scandinavian, 277,
339; restrictive legislation, 341.
Import duties, colonial, 81, 83, 88, 90,
92, 97, 99. (See tariff legislation.)
Imports: colonial, 64, 76, 78, 81, 92,
94, 98, 101; statistics, 98, 99, 102,
138, 185, 199, 226, 269, 305-6;
charts, 99, 229, 287, 306.
Great Valley of Virginia, 57, 58, 120, Impressment of American seamen,
Greeley, Horace, 263, 279.
Greenbacks, 270; depreciation, 270;
redemption, 271, suspended, 272.
Grenville, Lord, 88, 92.
Hakluyt, Richard, 14, 22, 23.
Hamilton, Alexander: report on
manufactures, 144-6; currency rec-
ommendations, 152-4.
Harriman, E. H., 322, 323.
Harriman railway system, 323.
Hat manufacture, 67, 141, 185, 186.
Hawaiian Islands, 307, 309, 310.
Hawkins, Sir John, 13, 22.
Indentured servants: terms of con-
tract, 41, 42, 43; advantages of sys-
tem, 43, 44, 48, 53, 56.
Indians, 7, 8, 18, 20, 39, 41, 50, 52, 55,
70, 75, 120-1, 123-4, 156.
Indigo, 60, 62, 81, 112, 116, 142, 193.
Injunction, 336.
Inman Line, 311, 312.
Internal improvements, 163-4, 165–6,
196, 199, 202, 204-5, 207-II, 234,
235-41, 283-5.
Internal revenue taxes, 269, 272, 273,
298, 303.
Interstate Commerce Commission,
Hemp, 58, 61, 92, 127, 160, 190, 192, Interstate commerce law, 324.
Hides, 46, 48, 66, 67, 81, 127, 144, 301,
Hill, J. J., 322, 323.
Holland, 16, 18.
Homestead Law: unsuccessful bill,
279-81; Act of 1862, 281-2; in-
fluence on speculation, 287-8.
Howe, Elias, 227.
Hudson, Henry, 17.
Hudson River, 5, 15, 17, 18, 74, 202.
Hussey, Obed, 244.
Iron: colonial, 7, 23, 26, 68-71, 72, 78,
81; new resources, 184, 251, 274,
296; development of manufactures,
114, 183, 184, 305; protective legis-
lation, 112, 141, 186, 187, 188, 191,
192, 223, 225, 272, 278, 299, 301,
303, 305; exportation of, 307.
Irrigation, 215, 221, 246, 325.
Jackson, Andrew, 197, 198, 199, 262.
Jamestown, 15, 25, 70.
Jay, John: seeks loan in Spain, 106;
on continental currency, 107; on
commerce, IIO; negotiates treaty
with Great Britain, 137.
213-14, 1860-'70, 282, 1870–1905, Jefferson, Thomas: on Southern cot-
338-9; industrial efficiency, 277, | ton manufactures, 115-6; agitates
Illinois Central Railroad, 239, 242.
Immigration: statistics, 1840-'60,
abolition of feudal land tenure, 116;
on slave trade, 119; authorizes ex-
ploration of Louisiana Territory,
167; recommends Embargo, 173;
on slavery, 255; influence of doc-
trines, 260.
Jenks, Joseph, 68, 69.
national development, 113-6, 138-9,
180-5, 186, 201, 225, 226–7, 275-7,
286, 300, 305.317; Southern, 249–51,
295-7; textile machinery, 149-51,
227-8; cotton manufactures, 180-2,
307; woolen manufactures, 182-3;
iron, 183-4; Hamilton's report,
144-6; Gallatin's report, 184-5;
Dallas's report, 187-8.
Marcos, Fray, 9.
Kentucky, 122–4, 126–7, 154-5, 160, | Maryland, 29, 99, 117, 185, 239, 256.
197, 200-I.
King, Butler, 232.
Knight, Madame, 74.
Knights of Labor, 331-2.
Labor: colonial, 33. 41-5; slave vs.
free, 214-6, 221, 249, 258-60, 263-4;
organization, 261–2, 263, 264, 289-
290, 331-3, 337; legislation, 290-1,
331; bureaus of statistics, 290, 332;
contract labor, 331, 342; convict
labor, 331.
Laconia Grant, 28.
Land tenure, 25, 27, 28, 32-3, 33-5,
35-6, 36-7, 38, 53, 56, 58, 59, 60, 116,
126.
Massachusetts, 113, 119, 185, 191, 238,
239, 290.
Massachusetts Bay Colony, 27, 28,
35, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 72, 74-6, 80,
82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 102.
McCormick, Cyrus H., 244.
McKinley, William, 303.
McKinley Act, 301.
Meats, dressed, 49, 75, 76, 90, 92,
112, 307-9; concentration of indus-
try, 326.
Merino Society of the Middle States,
182.
Miami Company, 158, 160.
Michigan Central Railroad, 237, 242,
Milan Decree, 173, 175.
Mississippi River, 6, 11, 113, 137,
164-5, 167.
Mississippi Valley, 20, 201, 207.
Mobile and Ohio Railroad, 239, 322.
(Wil-Mohawk Valley, 7, 36, 202, 205, 235.
Molasses, 76, 77, 81, 82-3, 90-1, 97,
IOI, 139, 144, 184, 189, 192, 224.
Molasses Act, 82-3.
Morgan, J. P., 312, 322.
London Company, 23, 24, 26, 32, 39, Mormons, 221.
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