CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE

THE DISCOVERY OF THE NEW WORLD: the Eastward Route;

the Westward Route; Industrial Resources of America; the

Territory of the United States

THE PEOPLING OF NORTH AMERICA: the Aborigines; Spain;

France; Great Britain; Holland; the Final Victory of the

English

PAGE

. I-21

I

7

CHAPTER II

22-46

THE BUSINESS ASPECTS OF COLONIZATION

THE FINANCING OF THE COLONIES: the Chartered Companies;

Associations of Adventurers; Proprietary Grants.

LAND TENURE

THE COLONISTS

THE LABOR SUPPLY: Indentured Servants; African Slaves

THE SCARCITY OF MONEY.

23

32

38

4I

45

CHAPTER III

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT UNDER BRITISH CON-

TROL.

AGRICULTURE: the New England Colonies; New York; the

Middle Colonies; the Southern Colonies; Fostering Legis-

lation

MANUFACTURES: Cloth Manufacture; Restrictive Legislation;

Iron Manufactures; Restrictive

Leather Manufactures;

Legislation.

47-86

47

62

COMMERCE the Coastwise Trade; the West India Trade; the
Slave Trade; the Transatlantic Trade; Restrictive Legisla-
tion; the Navigation Acts; Colonial Shipping; the Enu-
merated Articles; Smuggling; the Molasses Act .

CREDIT MONEY

CHAPTER IV

87-128

INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS OF THE REVOLUTION

CAUSES: the Imperial Régime; the Sugar Act; the Stamp Act;

Nonintercourse; the Repeal; Attempt to vindicate Impe-

rial Authority; Renewal of Nonintercourse; the Tea Tax;

the Boycott complete; Declaration of Independence .

INDUSTRIAL CONSEQUENCES: National Bankruptcy; Commercial

Gains and Losses; Development of Manufactures; the Farm-

er's Opportunity; the Antislavery Movement

THE CONQUEST OF THE OHIO VALLEY: the Backwoods Settle-

ments; Indian Wars; Peace and Prosperity

87

104

120

FORMATIVE LEGISLATION: the Federal Constitution; Legislation

in Behalf of Shipping; Commercial Treaties; Legislation in

Behalf of Manufactures; Hamilton's Report; the Patent

Law; Regulation of the Currency

THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT: the Ordinance of 1787; South
of the Ohio; the Sale of Public Lands; Need of Transpor-
tation Facilities; the Cumberland Road; the Louisiana
Purchase

129

154

CHAPTER VI

INDUSTRIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR OF 1812 171-211

VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF NEUTRAL TRADE: Ameri-

can Grievances; the War; the Reciprocity Treaties; the

Fisheries

171

DEVELOPMENT OF MANUFACTURES: Cotton; Woolen; Iron;

the Effects of Peace; the Tariff Act of 1816; Clash of Sec-

tional Interests; the Tariff Acts of 1824, 1828, 1832, 1833. 180

FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES: the Second National Bank; the Crisis
of 1819; Failure to Recharter; the Debasement of the
Coinage; the Crisis of 1837.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS: Needs; Gallatin's Plan; Achieve-

PAGE

193

201

GROWTH IN WEALTH AND POPULATION: Statistics; Cotton and

Slavery; the Growth of Cities

THE PACIFIC COAST: Oregon; California; Utah

INFLUENCE OF REVENUE TARIFFS: the Tariff Acts of 1846, 1857;

the Infant Industries come of Age; Notable Inventions;

Development of Commerce; the Subsidy Policy; Coastwise

Trade; Inland Navigation

212

218

222

THE NEW TRANSPORTATION AGENT: Through Routes to the

West; the Financing of the Roads; the Electric Telegraph 234

THE PANIC OF 1857 .

AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENTS: Machinery; Commercial Ferti-

lizers; Scientific Agriculture

INDUSTRIAL BACKWARDNESS OF THE SOUTH: Agriculture;

Manufactures

242

243

THE CIVIL WAR: ECONOMIC CAUSES AND RE-

SULTS

255-297

SLAVE US. FREE LABOR: Trend of Southern Opinion; Trend of

Opinion in the North; the Labor Movement; Slavery and

the Territories

THE COSTS OF THE WAR: Confederate Finances; Federal

Finances

INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION: the National Banking System;

Redemption of the Greenbacks; Revival of Protective

Tariffs; Material Prosperity; Decline of our Mercantile

Marine; the Homestead Act; the Transcontinental Rail-

ways; the Crisis of 1873; Labor Organizations; the Farmers'

Movement

255

THE INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOUTH: the Labor
Problem; Development of Cotton Manufactures.

CHAPTER IX

PAGE

292

CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS

298-343

298

305

THE PROTECTIVE POLICY: Tariff Acts of 1883, 1890, 1897

EXPANSION OF COMMERCE: Decline of Shipping; the Subsidy

Policy; the International Mercantile Marine Company

CURRENCY PROBLEMS: Demonetization of Silver; the Crisis of
1893; Revision of the National Banking System.

RAILROAD COMBINATIONS: Government Control; Rate Regulation 319

BUSINESS MONOPOLIES: Anti-trust Legislation

313

325

THE ORGANIZATION OF LABOR: the Knights of Labor; the
American Federation of Labor; Strike Statistics; Criticism
of Trade Union Methods; Employers' Associations

IMMIGRATION: Legislation; the Alien Contract Labor Law;

the Exclusion Act

INDEX

331

338