Geographical Position and Locality.-Found in the third limestone of the Millstone grit beds of Grayson, Breckinridge, Edmondson and Todd counties, Kentucky.

It has not been found in any other geological horizon in the Millstone grit beds of Western Kentucky, and may be classed amongst the distinguishing fossils of this particular bed of limestone.

Remarks. Our species, in the arrangement of the calyx, approaches Z. Worthenii (Hall), from which it differs in having three instead of four primary radials; also in the number of pieces in the first branches of the rays. It differs from Z. magnoliaformis (Troost) in the arrangement of the calyx, the first radials and subradials being much shorter in our species.

Cyathocrinus dekadactylus, nobis.

Calyx, vasiform, spreading rapidly from the base, comprising all the pieces up to the second radials. The pieces forming it are thick, tumid, with long strong arms. Vault unknown. Column obtusely pentangular, covering nearly one half of basals; articulating surfaces crenulated on their borders.

Basal pieces, five; pentangular, forming together a marked stellate figure; upper facets prolonged into nearly acute angles; under surface slightly excavated.

Sub radials, five; hexagonal or heptagonal, somewhat irregular in size; they alternate with the basals; very tumid and thick.

Radials, five; the first are large, various in their shapes, generally septangular, sometimes broader than high, in other instances as high as broad; they support each two other radials, the first of which are thin, parallelogramic pieces much rounded on their outer surfaces; the last radial pieces are pentagonal, rather acuminate, more than twice as wide as high, and support on their bevelled edges two arms each, making 5X2 10 arms in all.

Arms.—The arms are apparently without any subdivisions throughout their whole length. They come off immediately from the radials; the first two armpieces are anchylosed, the arms becoming free and separate on the second armpieces. They are composed of thick pieces, rounded on their backs, about equal in size, and regularly superimposed upon each other. They are about one half as large as the last radials, and have a shallow sulculus (ambulacral groove,) (?) on their inner surface.

Anal piece, one; trapezoidal in shape, the upper margin reflected, pentangular, the middle portion of the piece intumescent. In two well preserved specimens we cannot trace any pieces superposed upon the anal piece.

At the juncture of any three pieces composing the calyx, there is a depression, which attains its greatest depth along the suture lines of the pieces. These depressions are an easily distinguishable character of this

SECOND SERIES, VOL. XXIX, No. 85.-JAN., 1860.

species. The surface markings and proboscis (if one existed) are not preserved in any examples before us.

The spaces between the radials supporting the arms are quite extended and present the förm of a Doric arch.

Geological Position and Locality.-Sub-Carboniferous beds of Montgomery county, Indiana. Rather rare.

Cyathocrinus hexadactylus, sp. nob.

Body, compressed, crateriform, robust, with long arms; surface covered with minute granulæ, arranged apparently in rows parallel to the margins of the pieces. The column is comparatively small, composed of alternating thick and thin pieces; the articulating surfaces are crenated, the larger and thicker pieces project over the thinner ones, the projecting edges being distinctly rounded.

Basis-Composed of five sublanceolate pieces forming together an irregular pentagonal figure. The columnar pit is small, occupying about one-third of the basis, slightly depressed, with a large central opening.

Subradials-Three of them are nearly equal in size, hexagonal, generally higher than wide; the remaining two are larger than the others, not constant in their shape, being quadrangular, pentangular and hexangular in different individuals. They alternate with the basals, are very convex, from their centres project two obscure folds which proceed to the radial pieces, where they join similar folds, thus enclosing a triangular depression, which is considerably deepened at their junction with any two radial pieces. These plicatures are faintly marked, and can be seen only on specimens when in a good state of conservation.

Radials-The first are large, wider than high, fitting into the retreating angles of the subradial pieces, equal in size; near the middle of the upper surfaces of each, and at the juncture of the two adjoining folds from any two adjoining subradial pieces, come off the remaining radials, which are two in number, small, the last axillary. The second radials fit into a facet which is scooped out of the upper part of the face of the first radials, and are bordered by a small emarginate plicature, slightly raised and reflected outwards.

Anal pieces, two; the first is obscurely pentangular, the fifth facet being hardly perceptible; it is hemmed in entirely by the surrounding pieces, much smaller than they are; the second is irregularly shaped, about the size of the subradials, and bears upon its upper edge an arm.

We have never been able to procure a specimen which had a vault preserved, and can therefore give no description of it. We doubt the existence of a proboscis. The figure* is drawn the size of nature.

Arms. Following the large first radials are three small, rounded pieces, two quadrangular, the third axillary, giving off two branches, which are long, tapering, composed of a single row of stout pieces; three branches give off at intervals on either side, long filamentous pinnulæ, which extend the full length of the arms. These are composed of small pieces resembling those forming the arms, and are similarly arranged. There are five pairs, rising from the regular rays. From the anal field rises a single, long, tapering arm, not bifurcated as the others are.

*To be given hereafter.

None of the family of Cyathocrinidæ have yet been described in which the anal field always bore an arm. We supposed at first that this sixth arm was only an anomalous condition of the individual, but having in our possession six or seven specimens, all showing this arrangement, its actuality is placed beyond cavil.

Hall has described (Iowa, vol. ii, p. 625, pl. 18, fig. 7, 8,) C. spurius, to which our species is most closely related; it differs in the sixth arm, which alone constitutes it a distinct species. See also P. Meekianus, Shumard (Geol. Rep. Missouri, p. 188, pl. A, fig. 7, a, b).

Geological Position and Locality.-Found in sub-carboniferous beds of Clear Creek, Hardin county, Ky., and Montgomery county, Indiana.

Actinocrinus Indianaensis, nobis.

Calyx, subglobular, ornamented with hieroglyphic sculpture. Pro. boscis long and thin, arms very long, articulations similar in size.

Basal pieces, three; large, extending beyond the supra columnar oint. The margin of the basis projected into a flange.

Radial pieces, 5X3; the first is large, heptagonal, its central portion marked by a double sigmoid carina; its upper facet is angularly notched, into which depression the second radial pieces fit; they are longer than wide, pentagonal, supporting the third radials, which are axillary. These last give off on either facet two radials of the second series, the last of them axillary, and support two rows of three brachials each, the last ones of which are large, tumid, and quite protuberant; here the free arms come off. This is the case except in the antero-lateral ray, where the radials of the second series support only one row of brachials on each beveled edge, thus giving 4X4+2=18 pairs of arms.

A prominent carina commencing on the first radial piece extends over the middle of all the pieces, distinctly marking the ramifications of each ray.

Interradials.-Three are interposed between each two rays, except of course, on the anal side, (a large hexagonal one followed by two smaller ones) their middle portions rise into mammiform protuberances. First one,

Anal pieces, seven; hexagonal, of nearly the same size. followed by a row of three, then two; above them a single one, which completes the pyramid. The ornature of these pieces is the same as that of the interradials. We have one specimen showing elaborate hieroglyphic markings; doubtless this was the character of the original ornature of the surface.

Vault-about equal in size to the calyx, composed of many small polygonal pieces, which are intumescent, sometimes prolonged into small sharp thorns. The whole is surmounted by a thin, long proboscis, composed of very minute pieces, and closed at its extremity, where it widens out into a fusiform shape.

Arms. When in a normal condition there are eighteen pairs of arms, long, dividing into two branches almost immediately after leaving the brachials, each branch running out to the end without further bifurcations. They are formed of a double row of pieces, which at their juncture present a serrated appearance; towards their outer extension they become gradually smaller, until at their end they are quite attenuate and generally curved inward. They are deeply sulcate on their inner surfaces,

and bear on their lower outer edges long filamentous frimbriæ, which are set closely together, one to each piece forming the arm; these are composed of five or six joints, each having a direction outwards or downwards. De Koninck and Le Hon figure (Recherch. Crinoid. foss., Pl. iv, fig. 3.) a bundle of arms which so nearly resemble the arms (with head attached) of one of our specimens, that we cannot but regard them as perfectly identical. They refer them to Actinocrinus stellaris, to which species they certainly do not belong. A stellaris has 20 arms, (our species 18) arranged in 5 rays of 4 each, with comparatively large interstitial spaces, while the arms figured are thickly crowded together, coming off as they did in almost a closed circle, without any interstices of moment to divide them into separate bundles of arms.

Geological Position and Locality.—Sub-carboniferous beds of Montgomery county, Indiana. It is quite an abundant fossil, and generally found in a good state of preservation.

Actinocrinus Coreyi.

Body, globular; the vault about one third higher than the calyx, tumid; vault surmounted by a large knob.

Basal pieces, three; forming together an irregular hexagon, scooped out, producing a depression occupying about one-half of the superfices. Radials. The first are large, irregularly hexagonal, wider than high; their upper surfaces are hollowed, receiving the second radials, which have a corresponding convexity; they are thin but wide, flabelliform, and bearing the third radials, which are flattened pentagons, axillary, and support on each beveled edge three unsymmetrical brachial pieces, five or six times wider than high; thence the free arms.

Interradials, three; the first is very large, generally an elongated octagon; above this are two irregular, thin, high pieces, each having a small depression near the center of their lower surfaces, and interposed between the arms.

Anal pieces, seven; the first is large, having a depression corresponding to that described in the radials; in a row with the first radials, but a little larger than them, hexagonal, its vertical diameter is greatest on its three upper facets, bearing three pieces; they are smaller than the first anal piece; the one on the superior facet is irregularly hexagonal, the lateral ones are long, rather unsymmetrical, and adjoining the neighboring radials and brachials, which nearly enclose them; upon these are three considerably smaller polygonal pieces, which complete the calyx. All of the pieces described above are tumid, without any visible external markings.

This intumesence renders the sutures of the pieces very marked. The arms are ten in number, very strong and thick, coming off in five pairs; we cannot describe them farther, as they are not preserved, and this is the only example we have of this species.

Vault. The vault is surmounted by a very prominent knob, from which are projected in the directions of the arms, five plicatures, formed of four or five (generally four) massive tumerous pieces; they are much larger than any of the other pieces of the vault, with the exception of the central knob. Between each two of the plicatures is an interradial field, containing from eight to ten polymorphous pieces; they are generally ar

ranged in a pyramidal form; often the vertex being a piece considerably larger than any of the others; the basal pieces of the pyramid are in most cases thinner and longer than any of the others; these, as well as the remainder of the pieces of this species, are turgid and massive, and like those of the calyx, are destitute of ornament.

On the side of the vault, above the anal field, is a considerable ovoid intumescence, composed of nearly thirty small pieces, whose surfaces are quite plain and level in contrast to the other pieces of the vault; they are arranged in nearly parallel rows, as follows, commencing with the lowest : 1-3-4-5; on the fifth row (which nearly completes this field-there are but two more rows) supervenes an ovoid opening, about one line in length, without a proboscis. This is the only opening upon the vault.

We have named this elegant species after Mr. O. W. Corey, to whom we are much indebted for many favors.

Geological Position and Locality.—Rare in sub-carboniferous limestone near the top of the knob stone bed, Hardin and Allen counties, Ky., and same geological horizon, Washington county, Indiana.

GENUS ONYCHOCRINUS, nov. gen. Lyon & Casseday.

Generic description. This genus, in the shape of some of the pieces and in its general form, resembles more closely Forbesiocrinus than any other; yet they are so widely different in other respects that it will require no great perception to distinguish between them. The column near the calyx is cylindrical, large, composed of very thin articulations similar in size to each other; perforation small.

The radials are large, and form, together with the brachials, a continuous line: the arms are quite robust, furnished with strong pinnulæ.

Interradial fields, triangular in general shape; an anomalous one on the anal side. Anal field-long and narrow: one to three small interaxillary pieces on each ray.

Basal pieces small, subradials large, pentangular, alternating with the radials.