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from the Wabash and Post Vincents, due north, to the territorial line between the United States and Canada; and by the said territorial line of the Lake of the Woods and Mississippi. The middle State shall be bounded by the said direct line, the Wabash from Post Vincents to the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a direct line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami to the said territorial line, and by the said territorial line. The eastern State shall be bounded by the last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the said territorial line: Provided, however, And it is further understood and declared, that the boundaries of these three States shall be subject so far to be altered, that, if Congress shall hereafter find it expedient, they shall have authority to form one or two States in that part of the said territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan. And whenever any of the said States shall have sixty thousand free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted, by its delegates, into the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original States, in all respects whatever; and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government: Provided, The constitution and government, so to be formed, shall be republican, and in conformity to the principles contained in these articles, and, so far as it can be consistent with the general interest of the confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier period, and when there may be a less number of free inhabitants in the State than sixty thousand.

Article VI

There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed, and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid.

26. Economic Provisions of the Federal Constitution1

Article I, Sec. 8.

The Congress shall have Power:

To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts, and Excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes;

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To coin Money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;

To establish Post Offices and Post Roads;

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.

Sec. 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or Duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the Public Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder or expost facto Law shall be passed.

1 U. S. Revised Statutes (ed. 1878), pp. 17–32.

7 No Capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed. to be taken.

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound, to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.

Sec. 10. No State shall enter any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, expost facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in Time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

Article VI. All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

27. An Act for laying a duty on goods, wares, and merchandises, imported into the United States1 July 4, 1789

Whereas it is necessary for the support of Government, for the discharge of the debts of the United States, and the encouragement and protection of manufactures, that duties be laid on goods, wares, and merchandises, imported.

Be it enacted, &c. That from and after the first day of August next ensuing, the several duties hereinafter mentioned shall be laid on the following goods, wares, and merchandises, imported into the United States from any foreign port or place, that is to say

On all distilled spirits of Jamaica proof, imported from any kingdom or country whatsoever, per gallon, ten cents;

On all other distilled spirits, per gallon, eight cents;
On molasses, per gallon, two and a half cents;
On Madeira wine, per gallon, eighteen cents;

On all other wines, per gallon, ten cents;

On every gallon of beer, ale, or porter, in casks, five cents; On all cider, beer, ale, or porter, in bottles, per dozen, twenty cents.

On malt, per bushel, ten cents;

On brown sugars, per pound, one cent;

On loaf sugars, per pound, three cents;

On all other sugars, per pound, one and a half cents;

On coffee, per pound, two and a half cents;

On cocoa, per pound, one cent;

On all candles of tallow, per pound, two cents;

On all candles of wax or spermaceti, per pound, six cents;

On cheese, per pound, four cents;

On soap, per pound, two cents;
On boots, per pair, fifty cents;

1 Annals of Congress, 1 Cong., 1 Sess., Appendix, pp. 2183-2186.

On all shoes, slippers, on galoshoes, made of leather, per pair, seven cents;

On all shoes or slippers made of silk or stuff, per pair, ten cents;

On cables, for every one hundred and twelve pounds, seventyfive cents;

On tarred cordage, for every one hundred and twelve pounds, seventy-five cents;

On untarred cordage and yarn, for every one hundred and twelve pounds, ninety cents;

On twine or pack-thread, for every one hundred and twelve pounds, two hundred cents;

On all steel unwrought, for every one hundred and twelve pounds, fifty-six cents;

On all nails and spikes, per pound, one cent;

On salt, per bushel, six cents;

On manufactured tobacco, per pound, six cents;
On snuff, per pound, ten cents;

On indigo, per pound, sixteen cents;

On wool and cotton cards, per dozen, fifty cents;

On coal, per bushel, two cents;

On pickled fish, per barrel, seventy-five cents;

On dried fish, per quintal, fifty cents;

On all teas imported from China or India, in ships built in the United States, and belonging to a citizen or citizens thereof, or in ships or vessels built in foreign countries, and on the sixteenth day of May last wholly the property of a citizen or citizens of the United States, and so continuing until the time of importation, as follows:

On bohea tea, per pound, six cents;

On all souchong, or other black teas, per pound, ten cents;

On all hyson teas, per pound, twenty cents;

On all other green teas, per pound, twelve cents:

On all teas imported from Europe in ships or vessels built in the United States, and belonging wholly to a citizen or citizens thereof, or in ships or vessels built in foreign countries, and on

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