throughout, very closely followed it. To use the words of a profound modern scholar, 'It is astonishing how little obsolete the language of it is, even at this day; and, in point of perspicuity and noble simplicity, propriety of idiom, and purity of style, no English version has yet surpassed it.'* A beautiful edition of it has lately been published.† The following are Tyndale's translations of the Magnificat and Lord's Prayer, in the spelling of the original edition: And Mary sayde, My soule magnifieth the Lorde, and my sprete reioyseth in God my Savioure. For he hath loked on the povre degre off his honde mayden. Beholde nowe from hens forthe shall all generacions call me blessed. For he that is myghty hath done to me greate thinges, and blessed ys his name: And hys mercy is always on them that feare him thorow oute all generacions. He hath shewed strengthe with his arme; he hath scattered them that are proude in the ymaginacion of their hertes. He hath putt doune the myghty from their seates, and hath exalted them of lowe degre. He hath filled the hongry with goode thinges, and hath sent away the ryche empty. He hath remembred mercy, and hath holpen his servaunt Israhel. Even as he promised to oure fathers, Abraham and to his seed for ever. Oure Father which arte in heven, halowed be thy name. Let thy kingdom come. Thy wyll be fulfilled, as well in erth, as hit ys in heven. Geve vs this daye oure dayly breade. And forgeve vs oure treaspases, even as we forgeve them which treaspas vs. Leede vs not into temptacion, but delyvre vs from yvell. Amen. MILES COVERDALE. In translating the Pentateuch, Tyndale was assisted by MILES COVERDALE, who, in 1535, published the first English translation of the whole Scriptures, with this title: Biblia, the Bible; That is, the Holy Scripture of the Olde and New Testament, faithfully and newly translated out of the Doutche and Latyn into English. Coverdale was made bishop of Exeter in 1551, but retired to the Continent during the reign of Mary. When Elizabeth ascended the throne, he returned to England, and remained there till his death. His translation of the Bible has lately been reprinted in London. The extent of its variation from that of Tyndale will appear by contrasting the following verse, as rendered by each translator: These translations were speedily followed by others, so that the desire of the people for scriptural knowledge was amply gratified. The dissemination of so many copies of the sacred volume, where neither the Bible nor any considerable number of other books had formerly been in use, produced very remarkable effects. The versions first used, having been formed in some measure from the Latin translation, called the Vulgate, contained many words from that language, which had hardly before been considered as English; such as perdition, consolation, reconciliation, sanctification, immortality, frustrate, inexcus able, transfigure, and many others requisite for the expression of compound and abstract ideas, which had never occurred to our Saxon ancestors, and therefore were not represented by any terms in that language. These words, in the course of time, became part of ordinary discourse, and thus the language was enriched. In the Book of Common Prayer, compiled in the subsequent reign of Edward VI., and which affords many beautiful specimens of the English of that time, the efforts of the learned to make such words familiar, are perceptible in many places; where a Latin term is often given with a Saxon word of the same or nearly the same meaning following it, as humble and lowly,' 'assemble and meet together.' Another effect proceeded from the freedom with which the people were allowed to judge of the doctrines, and canvass the texts, of the sacred writings. The keen interest with which they now perused the Bible, hitherto a closed book to the most of them, is allowed to have given the first impulse to the practice of reading in both parts of the island, and to have been one of the causes of the flourishing literary era which followed. the prince, afterwards Edward VI. He is chiefly distinguished for his exertions in introducing the study of the Greek language and literature into England. Having dictated to his pupils an improved mode of pronouncing Greek words, he was violently assailed on that account by Bishop Gardiner, then chancellor of the university; but, notwithstanding the fulminations of this severe prelate, the system of Cheke prevailed, and still prevails. At his death, which was supposed to be occasioned by remorse for recanting Protestantism under the terror of the Marian persecution, he left several works in manuscript, amongst which was a translation of Matthew's Gospel, intended to exemplify a plan which he had conceived of reforming the English language by eradicating all words except those derived from Saxon roots. He also contemplated a reform in the spelling of English, an idea which has occurred to several learned men, but seems to be amongst the most hopeless ever entertained by the learned. The only original work of Cheke in English is a pamphlet, published in 1549, under the title of The Hurt of Sedition, how grievous it is to a Commonwealth, being designed to admonish the people who had risen under Ket the tanner. Of this, a specimen is subjoined. [Remonstrance with Levellers.] Ye pretend to a commonwealth. How amend ye it by killing of gentlemen, by spoiling of gentlemen, by imprisoning of gentlemen? A marvellous tanned! commonwealth. Why should ye hate them for their riches, or for their rule? Rule, they never took so much in hand as ye do now. They never resisted the king, never withstood his council, be faithful at this day, when ye be faithless, not only to the king, whose subjects ye be, but also to your lords, whose tenants Is this your true duty-in some of homage, in most of fealty, in all of allegiance to leave your duties, go back from your promises, fall from your faith, and contrary to law and truth, to make unlawful assemblies, ungodly companies, wicked and detestable camps, to disobey your betters, and to obey your tanners, to change your obedience from a king to a Ket, to submit yourselves to traitors, and break your faith to your true king and lords? ye be. none. ** If riches offend you, because ye would have the like, then think that to be no commonwealth, but envy to the commonwealth. Envy it is to appair2 another man's estate, without the amendment of your own; and to have no gentlemen, because ye be none yourselves, is to bring down an estate, and to mend Would ye have all alike rich? That is the overthrow of all labour, and utter decay of work in this realm. For, who will labour more, if, when he hath gotten more, the idle shall by lust, without right, take what him list from him, under pretence of equality with him? This is the bringing in of idleness, which destroyeth the commonwealth, and not the amendment of labour, which maintaineth the commonwealth. If there should be such equality, then ye take all hope away from yours, to come to any better estate than you now leave them. many mean men's children come honestly up, and are great succour to all their stock, so should none be hereafter holpen by you. But because you seek equality, whereby all cannot be rich, ye would that belike, whereby every man should be poor. And think beside, that riches and inheritance be God's providence, and given to whom of his wisdom he thinketh good. THOMAS WILSON. And as lished, in 1553, a System of Rhetoric and of Logic, in which the principles of eloquence and composition are laid down with considerable ability. He strongly advocates, in this treatise, simplicity of language, and condemns those writers who disturb the natural arrangement of their words, and reject familiar and appropriate phrases for the sake of others more refined and curious. So great and dangerous an innovation were his doctrines considered, that, happening to visit Rome, he was imprisoned as a heretic. Amongst other false styles censured by Wilson is that of alliteration, of which he gives the following caricatured example:-Pitiful poverty prayeth for a penny, but puffed presumption passeth not a point, pampering his paunch with pestilent pleasure, procuring his passport to post it to hell-pit, there to be punished with pains perpetual.' Wilson died in 1581. There is much good sense in the following passages of his Art of Rhetoric: [Simplicity of Style Recommended.] Among other lessons, this should first be learned, that we never affect any strange inkhorn terms, but to speak as is commonly received; neither seeking to be over fine, nor yet living over careless; using our speech as most men do, and ordering our wits as the fewest have doen. Some seek so far for outlandish English, that they forget altogether their mother's language. And I dare swear this, if some of their mothers were alive, they were not able to tell what they say, and yet these fine English clerks will say they speak in their mother tongue, if a man should charge them with counterfeiting the king's English. Some far journied gentlemen, at their return home, like as they love to go in foreign apparel, so they will ponder their talk with over-sea language. He that cometh lately out of France will talk French English, and never blush at the matter. Another chops in with to our English speaking; the which is, as if an oraEnglish Italianated, and applieth the Italian phrase tion that professeth to utter his mind in plain Latin, would needs speak poetry, and far-fetched colours of strange antiquity. The lawyer will store his stomach with the prating of pedlars. The auditor in making his account and reckoning, cometh in with sise sould, et cater denere, for 68. and 4d. The fine courtier will talk nothing but Chaucer. and poetical clerks, will speak nothing but quaint proThe mystical wise men, verbs and blind allegories; delighting much in their own darkness, especially when none can tell what they do say. The unlearned or foolish fantastical, that smells but of learning (such fellows as have seen learned men in their days), will so Latin their tongues, that the simple cannot but wonder at their talk, and think surely they speak by some revelation. I know them, that think rhetoric to stand wholly upon dark words; and he that can catch an inkhorn term by the tail, him they count to be a fine Englishman and a good rhetorician. [Moral Aim of Poetry.] The saying of poets, and all their fables, are not to be forgotten. For by them we may talk at large, and win men by persuasion, if we declare beforehand, that these tales were not feigned of such wise men without cause, neither yet continued until this time and kept in memory, without good consideration; and thereupon declare the true meaning of all such writing. For undoubtedly, there is no one tale among all the THOMAS WILSON, originally a fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and who rose to be Dean of Durham, and to various high state employments under Elizabeth, may be considered as the first critical writer upon the English language.* He pub-poets, but under the same is comprehended something 1 Alluding to the profession of the ringleader. 2 Impair. * Burnett. Specimens of English Prose Writers. that pertaineth either to the amendment of manners, to the knowledge of truth, to the setting forth nature's work, or else to the understanding of some notable thing doen. For what other is the painful travail of Ulysses, described so largely by Homer, but a lively picture of man's misery in this life? And as Plutarch saith, and likewise Basilius Magnus, in the Iliads are described strength and valiantness of body: in Odyssea is set forth a lively pattern of the mind. The poets are wise men, and wished in heart the redress of things; the which when for fear they durst not openly rebuke, they did in colours paint them out, and told men by shadows what they should do in good sothe: or else, because the wicked were unworthy to hear the truth, they spake so that none might understand but those unto whom they please to utter their meaning, and knew them to be of honest conversation. ROGER ASCHAM. A still more distinguished instructive writer of this age was ROGER ASCHAM, university orator at Cambridge, at one time preceptor, and ultimately Latin secretary, to Queen Elizabeth. He must be Aschamus... merrily for a mere matter; this I am sure, which thing this fair wheat (God save it) maketh me remember, that those husbandmen which rise earliest, and come latest home, and are content to have their dinner and other drinkings brought into the field to them, for fear of losing of time, have fatter barns in the harvest, than they which will either sleep at noontime of the day, or else make merry with their neighbours at the ale. And so a scholar, that purposeth to be a good husband, and desireth to reap and enjoy much fruit of learning, must till and sow thereafter. Our best seed time, which be scholars, as it is very timely, and when we be young; so it endureth not over long, and therefore it may not be let slip one hour; our ground is very hard and full of weeds, our horse wherewith we be drawn very wild, as Plato saith. And infinite other mo lets, which will time in sport and play. Tocophilus.-That Aristotle and make a thrifty scholar take heed how he spendeth his Tully spake earnestly, and as they thought, the earnest matter which they entreat upon, doth plainly prove. And as for your husbandry, it was more probably told with apt words, proper to the thing, than thoroughly proved with reasons belonging to our matter. For, contrarywise, I heard myself a good husband at his book once say, that to omit study for some time of the day, and some time of the year, made as much for the increase of learning, as to let the land lie some time fallow, maketh for the better increase of corn. This we see, if the land be ploughed every year, the corn considered as the first writer on education in our cometh thin up; the ear is short, the grain is small, language, and it is remarkable that many of his and when it is brought into the barn and threshed, views on this subject accord with the most en- giveth very evil faule. So those which never leave lightened of modern times. His writings themselves poring on their books, have oftentimes as thin invenfurnished an improved example of style, and they tion, as other poor men have, and as small wit and abound in sound sense and excellent instructions. weight in it as in other men's. And thus your husWe are the more called on to admire them, when we bandry, methink, is more like the life of a covetous reflect on the tendency of learned men in that age snudge, that oft very evil proves, than the labour of a to waste their talents and acquirements on profitless good husband, that knoweth well what he doth. And controversy-which was so strong a passion, that, surely the best wits to learning must needs have much whenever Sir John Cheke was temporarily absent recreation, and ceasing from their book, or else they from Cambridge, his associates immediately forsook mar themselves; when base and dumpish wits can the elegant studies to which he had tempted them, never be hurt with continual study; as ye see in lutand fell into disputes about predestination, original ing, that a treble minikin string must always be let sin, &c. Ascham died in 1568, and Elizabeth did down, but at such time as when a man must needs him the honour to remark, that she would rather play, when the base and dull string needeth never to have given ten thousand pounds than lost him. His be moved out of his place. The same reason I find principal work, The Schoolmaster, printed by his true in two bows that I have, whereof the one is quick widow, contains, besides the good general views of of cast, trig and trim, both for pleasure and profit; education above alluded to, what Johnson has ac- the other is a lugge slow of cast, following the string, knowledged to be perhaps the best advice that ever more sure for to last than pleasant for to use. Now, was given for the study of languages.' It also pre- Sir, it chanced this other night, one in my chamber sents judicious characters of ancient authors. An- would needs bend them to prove their strength, but other work, entitled Toxophilus, published in 1544, is (I cannot tell how) they were both left bent till the a dialogue on the art of Archery, designed to promote next day after dinner; and when I came to them, an elegant and useful mode of recreation among purposing to have gone on shooting, I found my good those who, like himself, gave most of their time to bow clean cast on the one side, and as weak as water, study, and also to exemplify a style of composition that surely, if I were a rich man, I had rather have more purely English, than what was generally prac-spent a crown; and as for my lugge, it was not one tised. Ascham also wrote a discourse on the affairs whit the worse, but shot by and by as well and as far of Germany, where he had spent three years in atas ever it did. And even so, I am sure that good wits, tendance on the English ambassador during the reign except they be let down like a treble string, and unof Edward VI. The following extracts from Ascham's bent like a good casting bow, they will never last and writings show generally an intellect much in advance be able to continue in study. And I know where I of his age :speak this, Philologe, for I would not say thus much afore young men, for they will take soon occasion to study little enough. But I say it, therefore, because I know, as little study getteth little learning, or none at all, so the most study getteth not the most learning of all. For a man's wit, fore-occupied in earnest study, must be as well recreated with some honest pastime, as the body, fore-laboured, must be refreshed with sleep and quietness, or else it cannot endure very long, as the noble poet saith : [Study should be Relieved by Amusement.] [The following is from the opening of the Toxophilus. It may be remarked, that what was good sense and sound philosophy in Ascham's time is so still, and at the present time the lesson is not less required than it was then.] * Philologus.-How much in this matter is to be given to the authority of Aristotle or Tully, I cannot tell, seeing sad men may well enough speak 'What thing wants quiet and merry rest, endures but a small while.' [The Blowing of the Wind.] [In the Toxophilus, Ascham has occasion to treat very minutely the difficulties which the archer experiences from the blowing of the wind. His own experience of these difficulties in the course of his sport, seems to have made him a natural philosopher to that extent, before the proper time.] court, which be born and be fitter rather for the cart; some to be masters and rule other, which never yet began to rule themselves; some always to jangle and talk, which rather should hear and keep silence; some to teach, which rather should learn; some to be priests, which were fitter to be clerks. And this perverse judgment of the world, when men measure themselves amiss, bringeth much disorder and great unseemliness to the whole body of the commonwealth, as if a man should wear his hose upon his head, or a woman go with a sword and a buckler, every man would take it as a great uncomeliness, although it be but a trifle in respect of the other. This perverse judgement of men hindereth nothing so much as learning, because commonly those that be unfittest for learning, be chiefly set to learning. As if a man now-a-days have two sons, the one impotent, weak, sickly, lisping, stuttering, and stammering, or having any mis-shape in his body; what doth the father of such one commonly say? This boy is fit for nothing else, but to set to learning and make a priest of, as who would say, the outcasts of the world, having neither countenance, tongue, nor wit (for of a perverse body cometh commonly a perverse mind), be good enough to make those men of, which shall be appointed to preach God's holy word, and minister his blessed sacraments, besides other most weighty matters in the commonwealth; put oft times, and worthily, to learned men's discretion and charge; when rather such an office so high in dignity, so goodly in administration, should be committed to no man, which should not have a countenance full of comeliness, to allure good men, a body full of manly authority to fear ill men, a wit apt for all learning, with tongue and voice able to persuade all men. And although few such men as these can be found in a commonwealth, yet surely a goodly disposed man will both in his mind think fit, and with all his study labour to get such men as I speak of, or rather better, if better can be gotten, for such an high administration, which is most properly appointed to God's own mat To see the wind with a man's eyes, it is impossible, the nature of it is so fine and subtle; yet this experience of the wind had I once myself, and that was in the great snow which fell four years ago. I rode in the high way betwixt Topcliff upon Swale and Boroughbridge, the way being somewhat trodden afore by wayfaring men; the fields on both sides were plain, and lay almost yard deep with snow; the night before had been a little frost, so that the snow was hard and crusted above; that morning the sun shone bright and clear, the wind was whistling aloft, and sharp, according to the time of the year; the snow in the highway lay loose and trodden with horse feet; so as the wind blew, it took the loose snow with it, and made it so slide upon the snow in the field, which was hard and crusted by reason of the frost overnight, that thereby I might see very well the whole nature of the wind as it blew that day. And I had a great delight and pleasure to mark it, which maketh me now far better to remember it. Sometime the wind would be not past two yards broad, and so it would carry the snow as far as I could see. Another time the snow would blow over half the field at once. Sometime the snow would tumble softly, bye and bye it would fly wonderful fast. And this I perceived also, that the wind goeth by streams and not whole together. For I should see one stream within a score on me, then the space of two score, no snow would stir, but, after so much quantity of ground, another stream of snow, at the same very time, should be carried likewise, but not equally; for the one would stand still, when the other flew apace, and so continue sometime swiftlier, sometime slowlier, sometime broader, sometime narrower, as far as I could see. Nor it flew not straight, but sometime it crooked this way, sometimeters and businesses. that way, and sometime it ran round about in a compass. And sometime the snow would be lift clean from the ground up to the air, and bye and bye it would be all clapt to the ground, as though there had been no wind at all; straightway it would rise and fly again. And that which was the most marvel of all, at one time two drifts of snow flew, the one out of the west into the east, the other out of the north into the east. And I saw two winds, by reason of the snow, the one cross over the other, as it had been two highways. And again, I should hear the wind blow in the air, when nothing was stirred at the ground. And when all was still where I rode, not very far from me the snow should be lifted wonderfully. This experience made me more marvel at the nature of the wind, than it made me cunning in the knowledge of the wind; but yet thereby I learned perfectly that it is no marvel at all, though men in wind lose their length in shooting, seeing so many ways the wind is so vaviable in blowing. [Occupations should be chosen suitable to the Natural Faculties.] If men would go about matters which they should do, and be fit for, and not such things which wilfully they desire, and yet be unfit for, verily greater matters in the commonwealth than shooting should be in better case than they be. This ignorance in men which know not for what time, and to what thing they be fit, causeth some wish to be rich, for whom it were better a great deal to be poor; other to be meddling in every man's matter, for whom it were more honesty to be quiet and still; some to desire to be in the This perverse judgment of fathers, as concerning the fitness and unfitness of their children, causeth the commonwealth have many unfit ministers and seeing that ministers be, as a man would say, instruments wherewith the commonwealth doth work all her matters withal, I marvel how it chanceth that a poor shoemaker hath so much wit, that he will prepare no instrument for his science, neither knife nor awl, nor nothing else, which is not very fit for him. The com monwealth can be content to take at a fond father's hand the riffraff of the world, to make those instruments of wherewithal she should work the highest matters under heaven. And surely an awl of lead is not so unprofitable in a shoemaker's shop, as an unfit minister made of gross metal is unseemly in the commonwealth. Fathers in old time, among the noble Persians, might not do with their children as they thought good, but as the judgment of the commonwealth always thought best. This fault of fathers bringeth many a blot with it, to the great deformity of the commonwealth: and here surely I can praise gentlewomen, which have always at hand their glasses, to see if any thing be amiss, and so will amend it; yet the commonwealth, having the glass of knowledge in every man's hand, doth see such uncomeliness in it, and yet winketh at it. This fault, and many such like, might be soon wiped away, if fathers would bestow their children always on that thing, whereunto nature hath ordained them most apt and fit. For if youth be grafted straight and not awry, the whole commonwealth will flourish thereafter. When this is done, then must every man begin to be more ready to amend himself, than to check another, measuring their matters with that wise proverb of Apollo, Know thyself: that is to say, learn to know what thou art few, whether your example be old or young, who withable, fit, and apt unto, and follow that. [Detached Observations from the Schoolmaster.] It is pity that commonly more care is had, and that among very wise men, to find out rather a cunning man for their horse, than a cunning man for their children. To the one they will gladly give a stipend of 200 crowns by the year, and loth to offer the other 200 shillings. God, that sitteth in heaven, laugheth their choice to scorn, and rewardeth their liberality as it should; for he suffereth them to have tame and well ordered horse, but wild and unfor tunate children. out learning have gathered, by long experience a little sometime chief justice would tell of himself. like unto myself, but not one of them came to a good lous adventures. One example, whether love or fear doth work more in a child for virtue and learning, I will gladly report; which may be heard with some pleasure, and followed with more profit. Before I went into Germany, I came to Broadgate, in Leicestershire, to take my leave of that noble Lady Jane Grey, to whom I was exceed-youth I was as you are now: and I had twelve fellows ing much beholden. Her parents, the duke and the duchess, with all the household, gentlemen and gentlewomen, were hunting in the park. I found her in her chamber, reading Phoedon Platonis in Greek, and that with as much delight, as some gentlemen would read a merry tale in Bocace. After salutation and duty done, with some other talk, I asked her, why she Thus, experience of all fashions in youth, being in would lose such pastime in the park? Smiling, she proof always dangerous, in issue seldom lucky, is a answered me, 'I wiss, all their sport in the park is but way indeed to overmuch knowledge; yet used coma shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato. Alas!monly of such men, which be either carried by some curious affection of mind, or driven by some hard good folk, they never felt what true pleasure meant.' And how came you, Madam,' quoth I, to this deep necessity of life, to hazard the trial of overmany periknowledge of pleasure? And what did chiefly allure you unto it, seeing not many women, but very few [In favour of the learning of more languages than men, have attained thereunto?' 'I will tell you,' one]-I have been a looker on in the cockpit of learnquoth she, and tell you a truth which, perchance, ye ing these many years; and one cock only have I will marvel at. One of the greatest benefits that ever known, which, with one wing, even at this day, doth God gave me, is, that he sent me so sharp and severe pass all other, in mine opinion, that ever I saw in parents, and so gentle a schoolmaster. For when I any pit in England, though they had two wings. Yet am in presence either of father or mother, whether I nevertheless, to fly well with one wing, to run fast speak, keep silence, sit, stand, or go, eat, drink, be with one leg, be rather rare masteries, much to be merry or sad, be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing marvelled at, than sure examples, safely to be folanything else, I must do it, as it were, in such weight, lowed. A bishop that now liveth a good man, whose measure, and number, even so perfectly as God made judgment in religion I better like, than his opinion the world, or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly in perfectness in other learning, said once unto me; threatened, yea, presently, sometimes with pinches, We have no need now of the Greek tongue, when all nips, and bobs, and other ways, which I will not things be translated into Latin.' But the good man name for the honour I bear them, so without measure understood not, that even the best translation, is for misordered, that I think myself in hell, till time come mere necessity but an evil imped wing to fly withal, that I must go to Mr Elmer; who teacheth me so or a heavy stump leg of wood to go withal. Such, gently, so pleasantly, with such fair allurements to the higher they fly, the sooner they falter and fail : learning, that I think all the time nothing, whiles I the faster they run the ofter they stumble and sorer am with him. And when I am called from him, I they fall. Such as will needs so fly, may fly at a fall on weeping, because, whatever I do else, but learn- pye and catch a daw: and such runners, as commonly ing, is full of grief, trouble, fear, and whole misliking they, shove and shoulder, to stand foremost, yet in unto me. And thus my book hath been so much my the end they come behind others, and deserve but pleasure, and bringeth daily to me more pleasure and the hopshackles, if the masters of the game be right more, that, in respect of it, all other pleasures, in judgers. very deed, be but trifles and troubles unto me.' Learning teacheth more in one year than experience in twenty; and learning teacheth safely when experience maketh mo miserable than wise. He hazardeth sore that waxeth wise by experience. An unhappy master he is, that is made cunning by many shipwrecks; a miserable merchant, that is neither rich nor wise but after some bankrouts. It is costly wisdom that is bought by experience. We know by experience itself, that it is a marvelous pain, to find out but a short way by long wandering. And surely, he that would prove wise by experience, he may be witty indeed, but even like a swift runner, that runneth fast out of his way, and upon the night, he knoweth not whither. And verily they be fewest in number that be happy or wise by unlearned experience. And look well upon the former life of those [With reference to what took place at the universities on the accession of Mary]-And what good could chance then to the universities, when some of the greatest, though not of the wisest, nor best learned, nor best men neither of that side, did labour to persuade, that ignorance was better than knowledge,' which they meant, not for the laity only, but also for the greatest rabble of their spirituality, what other And therefore pretence openly soever they made. did some of them at Cambridge (whom I will not name openly) cause hedge priests fettel out of the country, to be made fellows in the university; saying in their talk privily, and declaring by their deeds openly, that he was fellow good enough for their time, if he could wear a gown and a tippet comely, and have his crown shorn fair and roundly; and could 1 Fetched. |