incapacitate Wilkes, 774; death of,
Grenville, Lord, replies to Bonaparte's overture for peace, 840; refuses to join Pitt's second ministry, 848; be- comes Prime Minister, 855
Grey, advocates Parliamentary reform, 827; continues in opposition, 828; see Grey, Earl
Grey, Arthur, Lord, slaughters foreign soldiers at Smerwick, 453
Grey, Earl, becomes Prime Minister, 901; resignation of, 912
Grey, family of, favoured by Edward IV., 331
Grey, John de, nominated Archbishop of Canterbury by John, 177; unpopu larity of, 178
Grey, Lady Catherine, marriage and imprisonment of, 435
Grey, Lady Jane, is proclaimed Queen, 420; executed, 423
Grey, Lord Leonard, becomes Lord Deputy of Ireland, 402; conquers a great part of Ireland, 494
Grey, Sir Thomas, execution of, 301 Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury, suspension of, 450
Grocyn encourages the study of Greek at Oxford, 367
Grossetête, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, opposes Henry III., 194, 195; death
Grote, his History of Greece, 941 Gualo, legate of Honorius III., 185 Guerillas, the Spanish, 869
Guiana, Raleigh's voyage to, 489; British, conquest of, 859 Guicowar, the, a Mahratta chief, 802 Guinegatte, battle of the Spurs at, 364 Guise, Francis, Duke of, takes Calais, 427; murder of, 436
Guise, Henry, Duke of, heads the French Catholics, 443; conspires to murder Elizabeth, 454; heads the League, 456; murdered, 464 Guisnes, taken by the French, 427 Guizot becomes Prime Minister France, 922
Gunpowder Plot, the, 483
Guthrum defeats Ælfred, 58; makes peace at Wedmore, 59; cedes London to Ælfred, ib.; extent of the kingdom of, 62
Gwledig, British title of, 26; title thought to have been assumed by Eadwine,
Gwynedd under Cadwalla, 46
Gyrth, Earl of East Anglia, 89
Habeas Corpus Act, 617, suspension of, 877; end of the suspension of, 879 Habeas corpus, writ of, dispute whether it ought to show the cause of imprison- ment, 507
Hadrian, the Emperor, wall of, 17
Hague, the, conference at, 690
Hales, destruction of the phial at, 398 Hales, Sir Edward, holds an appoint- ment by the dispensing power, 639 Halidon Hill, the Scots defeated at, 234 Halifax, George Savile, Earl, afterwards Marquis of, supports the Duke of York's succession, 618; persuades the House of Lords to reject the Exclusion Bill, 621; advises Charles II. to summon Parliament, 626; dismissed by James II., 638
Hailey, astronomer, 632
Hamilton, James Hamilton, Duke of, as Marquis of Hamilton dissolves the Assembly of Glasgow, 526; is defeated at Preston, 557
Hamilton family support Mary, 440 Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh assassinates the regent Murray, 441 Hampden resists ship-money,
calms the House of Commons after the passing of the Grand Remon- strance, 534; one of the five members, 535; death of, 538
Hampton Court Conference, the, 482 Hanover, George I. anxious to secure, 709; Pitt attacks Carteret for his devotion to the interests of, 738; New- castle provides for the defence of, 748; Pitt asks for a grant for the protection of, 750; overrun by the French, 752; Pitt's measures for the defence of, ib.; seized by Bonaparte, 848; offered alternately to England and Prussia, 855
Harfleur taken by Henry V., 302; se- cured by the Duke of Bedford, 303 Hargreaves invents the spinning-jenny, 815
Harlech Castle, surrender of, 550 Harley, Sir Robert, comes into office as a moderate Tory, 681; obtains the re- jection of an Occasional Conformity Bill, 682; turned out of office, 687; is a member of a purely Tory ministry, 691; recommends the creation of twelve peers, 695; becomes Lord Treasurer and Earl of Oxford, 696; see Oxford, Earl of
Harold Hardrada invades England, 94; is slain at Stamford Bridge, 96 Harold, son of Cnut, chosen king by the Mercians, 85; death of, 86
Harold, son of Godwine, earl of the West Saxons, 89; rules England under Eadward, 90; chosen king, 91; his oath to William, 93; marches into the North, 94; defeats Harold Hardrada at Stamford Bridge, 95; defeated and slain at Senlac, 98
Harthacnut, chosen king of the West Saxons, 85; comes to England, and dies, 86
Hastings, battle of, see Senlac
Hastings, John, claims a third of Scot- land, 215
Hastings, Lord, turns against Richard III., 339; execution of, 340
Hastings, Marquis of, Governor-General of India, 948 Hastings, Warren, appointed Governor of Bengal, 801; his authority dimin- ished by the Regulating Act, 803; the execution of Nuncomar happened at an opportune time for, ib.; engages in a struggle with the Mahrattas, 804; demands a large contribution from Cheyt Singh, ib.; enforces the pay- ment of money by the Begums of Oude, 805; character of his rule, ib. : resignation of, 808; impeachment of,
Havelock relieves Lucknow, 953
Havre occupied and abandoned by Elizabeth, 436
Hawke, Admiral, sent out against the French, 748; defeats the French in Quiberon Bay, 756
Hawley, General, defeated at Falkirk,
Hazlerigg, Sir Arthur, one of the five members, 535
Heads of the Proposals, the, 555 Heathfield, battle of, 46 Heavenfield, battle of, 47
Hedgeley Moor, battle of, 331
Helie de la Flêche opposes William II.,
Hengist, traditional leader of the Jutes, 27 Henrietta Maria, Queen, negotiations for the marriage of, 500; marries Charles I., 502; a papal agent at the Court of, 521; carries abroad the crown jewels, 536; urges Charles not to abandon the militia, 552
Henry I. receives no land at his father's death, 114; his wars with his brothers, 119; accession and marriage of, 122; puts down insurrections, 124; conquers Normandy, 125; his dispute with Anselm, ib.; judicial reforms of, 127; makes war in Normandy, 129; loses his only son, 130; death of, 131 Henry II., early career of, 136; marries
Eleanor, 137; character of, 138; ad- vances Thomas of London, 140; ad- ministrative system of, 140-142; ap. points Thomas archbishop, and quarrels with him, 143; draws up the Consti- tutions of Clarendon, 144; persecutes Thomas, 145; issues the Assize of Clarendon, 146; renews the itinerant justices, and inquires into the conduct of the sheriffs, 148; has young Henry crowned, 149; uses strong language against Thomas, 150; goes to Ireland, 151; renounces the Constitutions of Clarendon, 153; does penance, 154; issues the Assize of Arms, ib.; his domestic troubles, 155; takes the cross and dies, 157; his weakness on the Continent and strength in England, 158; literary vigour under, 167 Henry II., king of France, allied with Scotland, 413; his attitude towards Elizabeth, 432; death of, 433
Henry III., minority of, 185; favours Poitevins under the influence of Peter des Roches, 187; marries Eleanor of Provence and favours Provençals, 192; frequently renews the Great Charter, 192; quarrels with Simon de Mont- fort, 193; surrenders Poitou, 194; is opposed by Parliament, 195; hopes to make his second son King of Sicily, 196; misgovernment of, 197; consents to the Provisions of Oxford, 198; recovers power, 200 taken prisoner at Lewes, 201; last years of, 204; progress of the country in the reign of,
Henry III., king of France, proposes, as Duke of Anjou, to marry Elizabeth, 443; accession of, 450; murder of, 464 Henry IV. (see Derby, Earl of) claims the throne, 286; meets with difficulties, 289; leans on the Church, 291; rebel- lion of the Percies against, 293; keeps James I. as a hostage, 295; suppresses a rebellion in the North, 296 ; quarrels with the Prince of Wales, 298; death of, 299
Henry IV., king of France, his succes. sion to the French crown disputed, 456; overpowers the League, 464 Henry IV., Emperor, resists Gregory VII., 108
Henry V., career of, as Prince of Wales, 297-299; domestic policy of, 299; claims the crown of France, 300; defeats the French at Agincourt, 302; conquers Normandy, 303; forms an alliance with the Duke of Burgundy, and is declared heir to the French throne, 306; marriage and death of, ib.
Henry V., Emperor, marries Matilda,
Henry VI., accession of, 307; crowned at Westminster and Paris, 312; mar- riage of, 317; supports Somerset, 323; insanity of, ib.; recovery and renewed insanity of, 324; second recovery of, ib.; attempts to reconcile the parties, 325; declared a traitor by Edward IV., 329; restoration of, 333; murder of, 334
Henry VI., Emperor, his relations with Richard I., 161, 162
Henry VII., as Earl of Richmond, genealogy of, 334; invades England, 343; defeats Richard III. and be comes king, ib.; supported by the middle classes, 345; suppresses Lord Lovel's rising, 346; his relations with Brittany and France, 348; assailed by Perkin Warbeck, 350; sends Poynings to Ireland, 352; restores Kildare to the Deputyship, 352; secures Warbeck, ib.; effects an alliance with Scotland, 356; encourages maritime enterprise, 356; fills his treasury, 357; his alliance with the Archduke Philip, 358; last years and death of, 358
Henry VIII., character of, 361; marries Catharine of Aragon, 363; foreign policy of, ib.; promotes Wolsey, ib.; favours More, 368; meets Francis I. on the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 369; has Buckingham executed, ib.; invades France, 371; his views on his relations with the Church, 377; is named Defender of the Faith, 379; thinks of obtaining a divorce, ib.; urges Clement VII. to divorce him, 382; demands a sentence of nullity, 383; makes a victim of Wolsey, ib.; gains the support of the House of Commons, 385: consults the uni versities, and charges the clergy with being under a præmunire, ib.; obtains from Convocation the title of Supreme Head, 386; has no tenderness towards heresy, 388; obtains the Act of Ap nates, ib.; marries Anne Boleyn, and is divorced, 389; attempts to suppress heresy, and obtains fresh powers from Parliament, 390: sends More and Fisher to the Tower, 392; Act of Supremacy in favour of, 393; dissolves the smaller monasteries, 394; marries Jane Seymour, 395; issues the ten articles, and authorises the translation of the Bible, 396; deals hardly with the Pilgrimage of Grace, 397; begins the confiscation of the greater monasteries, ib.; attacks relics and images, 398; presides at Lambert's trial, 399;
obtains from Parliament the SIX articles, 39;; marries and divorces Anne of Cleves, 400-401; marries and beheads Catherine Howard, marries Catherine Parr, ib.; his government of Ireland, 401-404; takes Boulogne, 405; makes war Scotland, 406; debases the coinage, 409; death of, 411
Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, 131; declares against Stephen, 134 Henry of Trastamara, 255 Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters to blow up, 483; death of, 488 Henry, son of Henry II., coronation of, 149; rebellion of, 153; death of, 156 Henry the Fowler, his mode of warfare,
Hereford, besieged by the Scots, 549 Hereford, Duke of, see Derby, Earl of Hereford, Earl of, see Bohun, Hum- frey
Heresy held to be punishable by the Common Law, 419
Heretics, Statute for burning, 292 Hereward, rising of, 103
Herrings, battle of the, 309
Hertford, Earl of, see Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of
Hexham, battle of, 331
High Commission, the, Court of, erection of, 470; its activity in the reign of Charles I., 520; abolition of, 531
Hoche attempts to invade Ireland, 834 Hogarth, paintings of, 746 Hohenlinden, battle of, 840
Holkar, a Mahratta chief, 802; induced to sign subsidiary treaty, 859 Holland, province of, its influence in the Dutch Republic, 589
Holles takes part in holding down the Speaker, 514; one of the five members,
Holmby House, Charles I. at, 553; Charles I., removed from, 555 Holmes, Admiral, attacks the Dutch fleet, 605
Holy Alliance, the so-called, 883 Holy League, the, 363
Homildon Hill, battle of, 293 Honorius III., Pope, protects Henry III., 185
Hooker, his Ecclesiastical Polity, 472 Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, refuses to wear vestments, 417; receives the bishopric of Worcester, 418; speaks of his dioceses as the king's, 420; burnt, 424
Hopton, Sir Ralph, commands the Royalists in Cornwall, 537, 538; fights on Lansdown, 538; takes and loses Arundel Castle, 542; is defeated at Cheriton, ib.
Horne Tooke, Hardy, and Thelwall, acquittal of, 829
Horsa, a traditional leader of the Jutes,
Horses used to carry warriors to battle,
Horsley, Bishop, saying of, 830
Hotham, Sir John, shuts the gates of Hull against Charles I., 537
Hough, chosen President of Magdalen College, 641
Houghton, prior of the Charterhouse, execution of, 394
Hounslow, James II. reviews regiments at, 643
Howard of Effingham, Charles Howard, Lord, commands the fleet against the Armada, 460; takes part in the capture of Cadiz, 464
Howard of Escrick, Edward Howard, Lord, informs against the Whigs, 625 Howe, Lord, defeats the French fleet on the first of June, 828; persuades the mutineers at Spithead to return to their duty, 836
Howe, Sir William, commands the British army in America, and occupies New York, 784
Hrolf, Duke of the Normans, 80
Hubert de Burgh holds Dover Castle, 185; administration of, 186-188 Hubert Walter, administration of, 163; death of, 177
Hubertsburg, peace of, 767 Hudibras, 597
Hudson's Bay territory assigned to England, 696 Hugh Capet, 80
Hugh of Lusignan rises against John, 174 Hugh the Great, Duke of the French, 63 Huguenots, the, supported by Elizabeth, 436; Buckingham lends ships to fight against, 504
Hull, its gates shut against Charles I., 537; besieged by Newcastle, 542 Humble Petition and Advice, the, 573 Hundred Days, the, 874
Hundred Years' War, the, 234 Hundred-moot, the, organisation of, 31; judicial functions of, 32; gradual decay of, 72
Hundreds, early political organisation of the, 31
Hunt, Orator,' attempt to arrest, 879 Huntingdon, David I. holds the earldom of, 132
Huntley, George Gordon, fourth Earl of, overpowered by Mary, 437 Hurst Castle, Charles I. imprisoned in,
Ibrahim Pasha, desolates Pelopon-
nesus, 884; gains victories over the Turks, 921
Iceni, the geographical position of, 8; take part with the Romans, 13; roused to insurrection by Boadicea, 15 Ictis, probably identified with Thanet, 8 Ida becomes king of Bernicia, 36 Idle, the, Eadwine's victory on, 43 Images, destruction of, 398 Impeachment of Latimer and Lyons,
262; of Suffolk, 322; of Bacon, 496; of Buckingham, Montague, and Manwar- ing, 511; of Strafford, 530; of twelve bishops, 535; of the five members, 536; of Laud, 546; of Danby, 616; pardon not to be pleaded in bar of, 617 Impositions, the New, first levy of, 484;
question of the legality of, 505; act preventing the king from levying, 531 Inclosures, growth of, 320; More's attack on, 368; Ket's rebellion directed against, 416; cessation of complaints against, 464
Income-tax, imposed by Pitt, 840; re- moved, 876; imposed by Peel, 926 Independents, the, originally known as Separatists, 543; driven from the House, and reinstated by the army, 555; are unpopular after the Re- storation, 584
India, break-up of the empire of the Great Mogul and first settlements of the East India Company in, 758; condition of, after the death of Au- rungzebe, 759; influence of the French in the south of, 760; struggle between Clive and Dupleix in, 761; the subjuga- tion of Bengal in, 762; struggle with Lally in, 764; Clive's return to sup press extortion in, 8o1; Hastings assists the Nawab of Oude to subdue the Rohillas in, 802; the Regulating Act alters the government of, ib.; Pitt's Bill for the government of, 808; defeat of Tippoo in, 837; overthrow of Tippoo in, 838; Wellesley's policy of subsidiary treaties in, 859; the Mar- quis of Hastings in, 948; the north- western frontier of, ib.; Afghanistan invaded from, 949; conquest of Sindh in, 950; the Sikh wars in, 951; Dal housie's annexations in, ib.; the Se- poy army in, 952; mutiny of the Sepoy army in, 953; end of the authority of the East India Company in, 953; the Queen's proclamation to the princes and people of, 954
India Bill, the, of Fox and Burke, 806; of Pitt, 808
Ine, his rule in Wessex, 53
Infanta, the, see Maria, the Infanta Inkerman, battle of, 946
Innocent III., Pope, influences the elec- tion of Stephen Langton, 177; puts England under an interdict, and re- duces John to submission, 178-180; declares against the barons, 181-184; establishes the Friars, 190
Innocent IV. becomes Pope, 195; wins over Henry III., 196
Inquisition of the Sheriffs, the, 148 Instrument of Government, the, 568 Intercursus Magnus, the, 351 Interdict, England under, 178 Inverlochy, battle of, 547
Investiture, William I. claims the right of granting, 108; Anselm's position with regard to, 125; compromise on,
Iona, missionaries sent forth from, 47 Ipswich, Wolsey's college at, founded, 377; sold by Henry VIII., 383 Ireland, ancient language of, 7; Druids in, 10; Christianity introduced into, 47; state of civilisation in, 151; partially conquered by Henry II., 152; results of the conquest of, 264; weakness of the English colony in, 265; under Lan- caster and York, 146; under, Henry VII., 350, 351; under Henry VIII., 401; legislation of Henry VIII. in, 402;
destruction of relics and images in, ib. ; conquest of a great part of, 404; Henry VIII. named king of, ib.; under Edward VI. and Mary, 451; intro- duction of English colonists into, 452; landing of Sir James Fitzmaurice in, ib.; the slaughter at Smerwick, and the Desmond rising in, 453; O'Neill's rising in, 475; Essex's invasion of, ib.; Mountjoy's conquest of, 478; planta- tion of Ulster in, 484; Wentworth s government of, 527, 528; army col- lected by Strafford in, 529; insurrec- tion in, 533; massacre in, 534; the confederate Catholics in, 541; Gla- morgan's mission to, 549; Rinuccini in, 550, soldiers asked to volunteer for, 553; Cromwell in, 562; Ireton and Ludlow in, 567; act of settlement in, 595; James II. supported by the Celtic population of, 640; struggle between James II. and William III. in, 654; penal laws in, 686; destruction of the commerce of, ib.; restrictions on commerce in, ib.; volunteers in, 796; legislative independence conceded to, ib.; Pitt's scheme for a commercial union with, 810; defective constitu- tional arrangements in, 831; rise of the United Irishmen in, 832; votes given to the Catholics of, ib.; mission of Lord Fitzwilliam to, ib.; revolutionary out- break impending in, 833; Hoche at- tempts to invade, 834; outrages in, 840; rebellion in, 841; parliamentary union with, 842; struggle for Catholic emancipation in, 895; policy of Lord Grey's government towards, ç09; Thomas Drummond's management of, 916; failure of O'Connell's repeal movement in, 928; Peel's legislation for, ib.; famine in, 931; Peel's bill for the protection of life in, ib.; public works in, 932: emigration from, 933; relation between landlord and tenant in, ib.; Encumbered Estates Act in, 934; Smith O'Brien's attempted rising in, 935; Fenian rising in, 962; dis- establishment of the Protestant Church of, ib.; Land Act of the first Gladstone ministry in, 963; rejection of a bill on university education in, 966; demand of Home-Rule for, 970; Land Act of the second Gladstone ministry in, ib.; bill for the protection of life and pro- perty in, ib.; murders by the Invin- cibles in, ib.
Ireland, Duke of (see Oxford, Earl of),
supports Richard II., 279; is con- demned to death, but escapes, 280 Ireton draws up The Heads of the Pro- posals, 555; in Ireland, 563 Irish grants of William III. attacked by the House of Commons, 670 Irish Parliament, the, summoned by James II., 655; represents, under William III., only the English colony, 657; passes a bill for the relief of
Isca Silurum, Roman colony of, 14; martyrdom of Aaron at, 23
Isle of Wight, Jutish settlements in, 28; plundered by the French, 234
Italy, the French wars in, 363; the French driven from, 364
Italy, Charles Albert fails to drive the Austrians out of, 934, 936; war for the liberation of, 956; formation of the kingdom of, 957: Venetia ceded to, 963; Rome united to, 964 Itinerant justices under Henry I., 127; under Henry II., 148
JACOBITES, the, their action in the last months of Anne's reign, 699; attempt a rising against George I., 705; form part of the opposition against Walpole,
Jacqueline of Hainault, marriage of, 308 Jamaica, conquest of, 572
James I., king of Great Britain (see James VI., king of Scotland), becomes king of England, 481; imprisons Raleigh, ib.; attacks the Puritans at Hampton Court, 482; quarrels with his first House of Commons, ib.; obtains a legal decision in the case of the Post-nati, 483; his government of Ireland, 484; his financial diffi- culties, ib. makes Somerset his favourite, 486; offers to bargain with the Addled Parliament, 487; negoti- ates a Spanish marriage for his son, 488; makes Buckingham a favourite, ib.; sends Raleigh to execution, 489: watches the development of the Thirty Years' War, and summons Parliament to vote supplies, 490; his views on the prerogative, 492; sells peerages, 494 improvement of the finances of, ib.; revokes monopolies, 495; sends Digby to Germany and dissolves Parliament, 496; raises a benevolence, 497; his last Parliament, 500; seeks to marry his son to a French princess, 501; death of, ib.
James I., king of Scotland, kept in custody by Henry IV., 295; liberation of, 307
James II., as Duke of York, declares himself a Roman Catholic, 600; his conversion known, 607; resigns the Admiralty, ib.; marriages of, 608;
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