attempt to exclude from the throne, 617; his cruelty to the Scottish cove nanters, 620; is present at his brother's death, 627; accession of, 634; first acts of the reign of, 635 marches against Monmouth, 637; violates the Test Act and prorogues Parliament, 638; claims the dispensing power and establishes an ecclesiastical commis- sion, 639; his government of Scotland and Ireland, 640; issues a declaration of indulgence, ib.; expels the Fellows of Magdalen and tries to pack a Par- liament, 641; issues a second declara- tion of indulgence, 642; hears of the acquittal of the seven Bishops, 643; birth of a son of, 644; makes con- cessions on hearing of William's approach, ib.; attempts to escape, 645; embarks for France, 646; alleged virtual abdication of, ib.; lands in Ire- land, 654; is defeated at the Boyne, and takes refuge in France, 656; death of, 675
James IV., king of Scotland, invades England, 352; marries the daughter of Henry VII., 356; killed at Flodden, 364
James V., king of Scotland, policy of, 404; death of, 405
James VI., king of Scotland, birth and accession of, 439; assisted by Eliza beth, 450; becomes the tool of Lennox, 454; is captured by Protestant lords, 455; becomes king of England, 481; see James I., king of Great Britain James (the Old Pretender), birth of, 644 Jane Seymour marries Henry VIII., 395; death of, 397
Jaureguy tries to murder William of Orange, 454
Jeffreys enforces the surrender of char-
ters, 625; sends Baxter to prison, 635; is made Chief Justice, ib.; conducts the Bloody Assizes, 637; becomes Chancellor, 638 Jena, battle of, 857 Jenkins's Ear, 729
Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders,
121; captured by Saladin, 157; Richard I. refuses to look at, 161 Jervis, Sir John, commands at the battle of St. Vincent, 835
Jesuits, the, origin of, 436; land in England, 453; Act of Parliament against, 456
Jews, the, encouraged by William II., 115; protected by Henry I., 128; massacre of, 160; persecuted by John, 179; banished by Edward I., 212 Jews' House, the so-called, 170 John, king of England, his misconduct in Ireland, 156; leads the opposition to William of Longchamps, 161; joins Philip II. against Richard, 162; ac- cession of, 173; loses Normandy and Anjou, 174; appoints an Archbishop of Canterbury, 177; quarrels with the
Jones, Ernest, leads the Chartists, 924 Jones, Inigo, buildings by, 632
Jones, Michael, commands in Dublin, 562
Joseph I., Emperor, succeeds Leopold I., 684; death of, 693
Joseph Bonaparte, becomes King of Naples, 856; becomes King of Spain, 863
Joyce, Cornet, carries off Charles I. from Holmby, 555
Judicial system of the early English, 31;
of Eadgar, 72; of William I., 107; of Henry I., 127; of Henry II., 146 Judith accuses Waltheof, 110
Julius II., papacy of, 363; character of,
Junius' Letters, probable authorship of, 775
Junto, the Whig, formation of, 659; break-up of, 669
Jury of presentment, 147
Jury system, the, germ of, 147; com. pleted, 321
Justices of the peace, the, origin of, 277 Justiciar, institution of the office of, 116;
his position under Henry I., 127 Jutes, probably ravage Roman Britain, 24; subdue Kent, 27; settle in the Isle of Wight and the mainland oppo- site, 28
KEBLE, his Christian Year, 940 Kemp, Bishop of London, becomes Lord Chancellor, 309
Kenilworth, Earl, Simon's castle at, 199 Kenneth, king of the Scots, receives Lothian from Eadgar, 68
Kenneth MacAlpin unites the Scots and Picts, 63
Kenmure, Lord, beheaded, 705 Kent, foundation of the Jutish kingdom of, 27; its inhabitants driven back by the West Saxons, 35; Gaulish traders in, 38; accepts Christianity, 39; is kept by Lawrence from relapsing, 41; comparative weakness of, ib.; rising in, suppressed by Fairfax, 557 Kent, Earl of (brother of Edward II.), execution of, 231
Kentish Petition, the, 675 Keroualle, Louise de, see Portsmouth, Duchess of
porting Warbeck, 350; restored to the Deputyship, 352
Kildare, Earl of, imprisonment of, 402 Kilkenny, meeting of the Confederate Catholics at, 541
Kilkenny, Statute of, 265 Killiecrankie, battle of, 653 Kilsyth, battle of, 549
Kimbolton, Lord, see Manchester, Earl of
King, authority of the, origin of, 33; effect of the enlargement of the king- doms on, 45; increased importance of, 69; limitations imposed by Magna Carta on, 182; proposed administrative restrictions on, 195; effect of the revo lution of 1399 upon, 289 King's Bench, Court of, 212 King's Friends, the, 767
Kinsale, Spanish expedition to, 478 Knights Bachelors, the, appeal to Edward, 199
Knights of the shire first admitted to Parliament, 196; later elections of, 200, 201; importance of their conjunc tion with borough members, 245 Knighthood fines, 515: prohibited, 531 Knox, John, opinions of, 418; urges on the Lords of the Congregation, 432: writes The Monstrous Regimen of Women, id. organises the Presby terian Church 434 his treatment of Mary, 438
Kymry, the, origin of the name, 37;
share in the defeat of the Scots at Degsastan, 42; are defeated by Æthel- frith near Chester, 43; geographical dismemberment of, b.; in alliance with Penda, 46; weakness of, 49; see Welsh
LA BOURDONNAIS takes Madras, 760 La Hogue, battle of, 658 Labourers, Statute of, 248, 268 Lafayette goes as a volunteer to America, 786
Laibach, congress of, 882
Lake, General, defeats the Irish insur- gents at Vinegar Hill, 841; his victo- ries in India, 859
Lambert burnt as a heretic, 399 Lambert, Major-General, defeats Booth at Winnington Bridge, 575 Lambeth, ford over the Thames at, 20 Lancaster, Duke of (John of Gaunt), makes unsuccessful war in France, 257; heads the anti-clerical party, 260; opposes the Black Prince, 262; reverses the proceedings of the Good Parliament, ib.; supports Wycliffe, 263; takes the lead at the accession of Richard II., 266; goes to Spain, 279; marries Catherine Swynford, 282 Lancaster, Earl of (Thomas), opposes Edward II., 225; execution of, 228 Lanfranc trusted by William I., 88; becomes Archbishop of Canterbury,
106; crowns William II., 114; death of, 117
Langland, William, 259
Langport, battle of, 548
Langside, defeat of Mary at, 440 Langton, Stephen, chosen Archbishop of Canterbury at Rome, 177; allowed by John to come to England, 180; pro- duces a charter of Henry I., 181; his part in obtaining the Great Charter,
Lansdown, battle of, 538
Latimer, made Bishop of Worcester, 390; driven from his see, 400; ser- mons preached at Court by, 417; burnt, 425
Latimer, Lord, impeached, 262 Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, cha- racter and opinions of, 516; becomes Archbishop of Canterbury, and advises the republication of the Declaration of Sports, 517; wishes that the com- munion table shall stand at the East end, ib.; conducts a metropolitical visitation, 520; unpopularity of, 521; imprisonment of, 530; execution of,
Leofwine, son of Godwine, earl of the shires about the Thames, 90 Leopold I., Emperor, marries
daughter of Philip IV. of Spain, 592; death of, 684
Leopold II., Emperor, his attitude to- wards France, 824
Leopold, Duke of Austria, imprisons Richard I., 161
Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, chosen King of the Belgians, 912
Leslie, David, overthrows Montrose, 549; is defeated at Dunbar, 563 Levellers, the, 561
Leven, Alexander Leslie, Earl of, as Alexander Leslie, commands the Scots on Dunse Law, 526; becomes Earl of Leven, and invades England, 542 Lewes, battle of, 201
Lewis III. (the Bavarian), Emperor, supports Edward III., 235 Lexington, skirmish at, 783
Leyden, relief of, 449; congregation of English Separatists at, 489
Liberals, the introduction of the name of, 909
Lichfield House Compact, the, 913 Lilla gives his life for his lord, 44 Lille, taken by Marlborough, 690; negotiations with the French Direc- tory at, 837
Limerick, siege and capitulation of, 656 Limoges taken by the Black Prince, 257 Linacre, promotes the study of Greek at Oxford, 367
Lincoln (see Lindum), settlement of the Lindiswaras round, 28; establish- ment of the see of, 107; Stephen taken prisoner at, 135; cathedral at, 171, 207; stormed by Manchester, 542 Lincoln, Abraham, chosen President of the United States. 958
Lincoln, Earl of, killed at Stoke, 347. Lindiswaras, settlement of, 28; possible advance of, 36
Lindsey, Robert Bertie, Earl of, fails to relieve Rochelle, 510
Lindum, Roman city at, 20; Anglian settlers round, 28
Lisle, Alice, execution of, 637
Litany, the English, composed by Cran-
London, early importance of the position of, 20; foundation of the bishopric of, 40; its commercial position under the kings of Essex, ib.; acquired and fortified by Elfred, 62, 63; attacked by Olaf Trygvasson and Svend, 79; after the Conquest, 127; supports Stephen, 131, 134; submits for a time to Matilda, 135; municipal organisa tion of, 169; sends troops to the battle of Lewes, 201; Wat Tyler in, 269; Jack Cade in, 323: Edward IV. in, 328; Lady Jane Grey unpopular in, 420; provides ships instead of money for the ship-money fleet, 523; comes Charles I. on his return from Scotland, 534, 535: declares against Charles I., 536; sends out trained bands to Gloucester, 539; attaches itself to the Presbyterian party, 555; influences the Whigs in, 622; Tory elections in, 623; forfeiture of the charter of, 624; growth of, 629; con- dition of the streets of, 631; restora. tion of the charter of, 644; support given to Wilkes in, 776; upholds the Lord Mayor and Aldermen in their contest with the Commons, 779 London Bridge, building of, 272 Londonderry, siege of, 654 Long bow, the, see Archers Longchamps, William of, appointed a justiciar in the absence of Richard I., 159; is banished, 161
Lord, devotion of Gesiths to their, 30; is expected to marry, ib.; growth of his jurisdiction, 72
Lords, House of, names the Duke of York Protector, 324; decides on his claim to the crown, 329; results of the disappearance of the abbots from, 400; a bill thrown out for removing the bishops from, 533; bishops excluded from, 536; refuses to join in constitut. ing a High Court of Justice, 557: dis- solution of, 561; imprisons Shaftes bury, 612; discusses the abdication of James II., 646; creation of twelve peers to reverse the majority in, 695; Peerage Bill introduced to give inde- pendence to, 710
Lords of the Congregation, rise against Mary of Guise, 432; are helped by Elizabeth, 433
Lorraine ceded to Stanislaus Leczinski,
Louis (afterwards Louis VIII., king of France) opposes John, 184; expelled from England, 185
Louis IX., Saint, king of France, sur- renders territory to Henry III., 200; mediates between Henry III. and the barons, ib.
Louis X., king of France, succeeded by his brother, 232
Louis XI., king of France, succeeds his father, 332: buys off Edward IV., 336 Louis XII., king of France, invades
Italy, 354; Italian wars of, 363; marriage and death of, 364 Louis XIII., king of France, negotiates for his sister's marriage, 501; resist- ance of Rochelle to, 504; besieges Rochelle, 506
Louis XIV., king of France, buys Dun- kirk from Charles II., 587; gives a slight support to the Dutch against England, 591; his designs on the Spanish inheritance, 592; signs the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 599; obtains the treaty of Dover from Charles II., 600; invades the Dutch territory, 605; pensions Charles II., 611; is successful in the Netherlands, 613; sends money to Charles 11. to prevent the summon. ing of a parliament, 627; offers finan- cial help to James II., 635; revokes the Edict of Nantes, 638; offers to send his fleet to help James II., 644; accepts the peace of Ryswick, and acknowledges William III., 667; refuses to make war against his grand- son, 690; death of, 70
Louis XV., king of France, sickly in his childhood, 707
Louis XVI., king of France, improves the French navy, 788; summons the States-General, 821; distrusted by the National Assembly, 822; dethrone- ment and execution of, 825 Louis XVIII., king of France, first restoration of, 871; second restoration of, 875; attempts to mediate in favour of the Neapolitans, 882
Louis Napoleon, President of the French Republic, 936; named President for ten years, 938; see Napoleon III., Emperor
Louis Philippe, king of the French, Charles X. overthrown in favour of, 898; promotes Belgian independence, 912; dismisses Thiers, 922; visits Queen Victoria, 927; dethronement of, 934
Louisbourg, Loudon fails to take, 752; taken, 753
Louisiana, possessed by France, 747: ceded by France to Spain, 766 Lovel, Lord, insurrection of, 345; sup- ports Simnel, and is defeated at Stoke,
Lowestoft, battle off, 590
Loyalists, the American, conjectural number of, 782
Loyola, Ignatius, founds the Jesuit Society, 437 Lucknow, siege of, 953
Lucy, Richard de, joint justiciar with the Earl of Leicester, 140; makes head against young Henry's rebellion, 153 Ludlow, Edmund, in Ireland, 563 Ludlow, break-up of the Yorkists at, 326
Lunéville, peace of, 840
Lunsford, Thomas, Lieutenant of the Tower, 535
Luther, Martin, opposes the Papacy, 377 has a controversy with Henry VIII., 379
Lutheranism, character of, 376, 377; its influence in England, 396
Lutter, Christian IV. defeated at, 506 Luxembourg, Marshal, defeats
allies at Fleurus, 657 Lyell, his Principles of Geology, 940 Lynn supports Stephen, 134 Lyons, Richard, impeached, 262
MACADAM, improvement of roads by,
Macaulay, Thomas B., supports the Reform Bill, 903; his History of Eng- land, 941
Macaulay, Zachary, pleads for the aboli- tion of slavery, 910
Maclan of Glencoe tenders his oath to William III. too late, 653
Mackay, Andrew, defeated at Killie- crankie, 653; serves in Ireland, 656 Mackintosh, Sir James, advocates the reform of the criminal law, 885 Mad Parliament, the, 198
Madras, building of, 758; taken by the French, 760; restored to the Eng- lish and secured by Clive, 761 Madrid, journey of Prince Charles to,
Magdalen College, Oxford, expulsion of the Fellows of, 641; restoration of the Fellows of, 644
Magna Carta, 182; partially renewed at the accession of Henry III., 185; attitude of Edward I. to, 288 Magnus, king of Norway, 85 Mahdi, the, destroys an Egyptian army and captures Khartoum, 971 Mahmoud, Sultan, asks Mehemet Ali to assist him against the Greeks, 884; death of, 922
Mahrattas, the, rise of, 759; Hastings defends himself against, 802, 804; reduced to submission by Wellesley, 859; reduced to complete dependency by the Marquis of Hastings, 948 Maiden Castle, 4
Maine conquered by William I., 91; failures of William II. in, 121; con- quered by Philip II., 176; surrendered to René by Henry VI., 317; the English driven out of, 319
Maintenance and livery, Statute against, 281; increase of, 321; measures of Henry VII. against, 345 Maitland of Lethington, William, op- poses the Presbyterian clergy, 434 Major-generals, the, 571
Malcolm, king of the Scots, his alliance with Eadmund, 64
Malcolm III., Canmore, ravages Eng- land, 103; submits to William I., 104; death of, 119
Malcolm IV. loses North-humberland and Cumberland, 140 Malmesbury, Earl of, sent to negotiate peace in France, 834 Malplaquet, battle of, 690
Malta, seized by Bonaparte, 837; sur- renders to the English, 844; England engages to surrender, 846; England refuses to surrender, 848
Man, Isle of, subdued by Eadwine, 43 Manchester, Edward Montague, Earl of, impeached, as Lord Kimbolton, 535 brought back to Westminster, 536 becomes Earl of Manchester and is placed in command of the Eastern Association, 542; attacked by Crom- well, 544; resigns his command, 545 'Manchester massacre,' the, 879 Manfred, king of Sicily and Naples, 195, 197
Manhood suffrage, the Duke of Rich- mond advocates, 789
Manilla, reduction of, 766 Manitoba, joins the Dominion of Canada, 967
Mansfeld, Count, failure of his expedi tion, 501
Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice, 749 Mantes burnt by William I., 114 Mantua, siege of, 834
Manufactures, social changes resulting from the growth of, 817 Manufacturers, the distress amongst, 876-879
Manwaring, Roger, impeached, 511; receives a good living from Charles I.,
Manx, a Goidelic language, 7 Mar's rising, 705
March, Earl of, see Edward IV. March, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of, his claim to the crown, 287; imprisoned by Henry IV., 291; freed by Henry V., 299
March, Roger, Earl of, grandson of the Duke of Clarence, named heir by Richard II., 287
Marengo, battle of, 840
Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., married to James IV., 356; excluded from the succession, 411 Margaret of Anjou marries Henry VI., 317; gives birth to a son, 323; puts her- self at the head of the Northern forces, 326; defeats the Duke of York at Wake- field, and Warwick at the second battle
of St. Albans, 328; is defeated at Tow- ton, 329; is defeated at Hedgeley Moor and Hexham, 331; reconciled to Warwick, 333; defeated at Tewkes- bury, 334.
Margaret, sister of Edward IV., married to Charles the Rash, 332; protects Lord Lovel, 346
Margaret, the Lady, 334
Margaret, the Maid of Norway, 214 Margaret, first wife of Malcolm Canmore,
Margaret Theresa, daughter of Philip IV., marries Leopold I., and renounces the Spanish succession, 592 Maria, the Infanta, proposal to marry her to Prince Charles, 488; shrinks from marrying a heretic, 497; is courted by Charles, 498
Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip IV., marries Louis XIV., and renounces the Spanish succession, 592
Maria Theresa (Empress), constituted heiress of her father's hereditary do- minions, 732; attacked on all sides, ib.; cedes Silesia to Frederick II., 735 Marignano, battle of, 366 Marlborough, Statute of, 204 Marlborough, Duchess of, her influence over Anne, 677
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of, as Lord Churchill, deserts James II., 645; becomes Earl of Marlborough, 657: disgraced by William III., 658; betrays Talmash, 664; placed by Wil. liam III. at the head of an army, 675; his influence over Anne, 677; his first campaign in the Nether- lands, 678; created a Duke, and votes for the Occasional Conformity Bill, 680; obtains the dismissal of Rochester and Nottingham, and pro- cures the entry of Harley and St. John into the ministry, 681; defeats Tallard at Blenheim, 682; turns to the Whigs, 684; his victory Ramillies, ib.; his victories at Õude- narde and Malplaquet, 690; blamed for prolonging the war, 691; sent to Flanders with inadequate means, and dismissed from his offices, 695 Marprelate Tracts, the, 470 Marriages of heiresses arranged by the lord, 117
Marshal, Richard the, 188, 189
Marshal, William, the, guardian of Henry III., 185
Marston Moor, battle of, 543 Martin, Master, his exactions, 195 Mary I., daughter of Henry VIII., as princess, successively engaged to Francis I. and his second son, 374; her place in the succession acknow- le lged by statute, 411; protected by Charles V., 414: popularity of, 420; is proclaimed queen, 421 her feelings and opinions, ib.; wishes to restore the Church lands, 422; is married to
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