JAM

attempt to exclude from the throne,
617; his cruelty to the Scottish cove
nanters, 620; is present at his brother's
death, 627; accession of, 634; first
acts of the reign of, 635 marches
against Monmouth, 637; violates the
Test Act and prorogues Parliament,
638; claims the dispensing power and
establishes an ecclesiastical commis-
sion, 639; his government of Scotland
and Ireland, 640; issues a declaration
of indulgence, ib.; expels the Fellows
of Magdalen and tries to pack a Par-
liament, 641; issues a second declara-
tion of indulgence, 642; hears of the
acquittal of the seven Bishops, 643;
birth of a son of, 644; makes con-
cessions on hearing of William's
approach, ib.; attempts to escape,
645; embarks for France, 646; alleged
virtual abdication of, ib.; lands in Ire-
land, 654; is defeated at the Boyne,
and takes refuge in France, 656; death
of, 675

James IV., king of Scotland, invades
England, 352; marries the daughter of
Henry VII., 356; killed at Flodden,
364

James V., king of Scotland, policy of,
404; death of, 405

James VI., king of Scotland, birth and
accession of, 439; assisted by Eliza
beth, 450; becomes the tool of Lennox,
454; is captured by Protestant lords,
455; becomes king of England, 481;
see James I., king of Great Britain
James (the Old Pretender), birth of, 644
Jane Seymour marries Henry VIII.,
395; death of, 397

Jaureguy tries to murder William of
Orange, 454

Jeffreys enforces the surrender of char-

ters, 625; sends Baxter to prison, 635;
is made Chief Justice, ib.; conducts
the Bloody Assizes, 637; becomes
Chancellor, 638
Jena, battle of, 857
Jenkins's Ear, 729

Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders,

121; captured by Saladin, 157;
Richard I. refuses to look at, 161
Jervis, Sir John, commands at the battle
of St. Vincent, 835

Jesuits, the, origin of, 436; land in
England, 453; Act of Parliament
against, 456

Jews, the, encouraged by William II.,
115; protected by Henry I., 128;
massacre of, 160; persecuted by John,
179; banished by Edward I., 212
Jews' House, the so-called, 170
John, king of England, his misconduct in
Ireland, 156; leads the opposition to
William of Longchamps, 161; joins
Philip II. against Richard, 162; ac-
cession of, 173; loses Normandy and
Anjou, 174; appoints an Archbishop
of Canterbury, 177; quarrels with the

Jones, Ernest, leads the Chartists, 924
Jones, Inigo, buildings by, 632

at

to

Jones, Michael, commands in Dublin,
562

Joseph I., Emperor, succeeds Leopold I.,
684; death of, 693

Joseph Bonaparte, becomes King of
Naples, 856; becomes King of Spain,
863

Joyce, Cornet, carries off Charles I.
from Holmby, 555

Judicial system of the early English, 31;

of Eadgar, 72; of William I., 107;
of Henry I., 127; of Henry II., 146
Judith accuses Waltheof, 110

Julius II., papacy of, 363; character of,

375

Junius' Letters, probable authorship
of, 775

Junto, the Whig, formation of, 659;
break-up of, 669

Jury of presentment, 147

Jury system, the, germ of, 147; com.
pleted, 321

Justices of the peace, the, origin of, 277
Justiciar, institution of the office of, 116;

his position under Henry I., 127
Jutes, probably ravage Roman Britain,
24; subdue Kent, 27; settle in the
Isle of Wight and the mainland oppo-
site, 28

KEBLE, his Christian Year, 940
Kemp, Bishop of London, becomes Lord
Chancellor, 309

Kenilworth, Earl, Simon's castle at, 199
Kenneth, king of the Scots, receives
Lothian from Eadgar, 68

Kenneth MacAlpin unites the Scots and
Picts, 63

Kenmure, Lord, beheaded, 705
Kent, foundation of the Jutish kingdom
of, 27; its inhabitants driven back by
the West Saxons, 35; Gaulish traders
in, 38; accepts Christianity, 39; is
kept by Lawrence from relapsing, 41;
comparative weakness of, ib.; rising
in, suppressed by Fairfax, 557
Kent, Earl of (brother of Edward II.),
execution of, 231

Kentish Petition, the, 675
Keroualle, Louise de, see Portsmouth,
Duchess of

KIL

porting Warbeck, 350; restored to the
Deputyship, 352

Kildare, Earl of, imprisonment of, 402
Kilkenny, meeting of the Confederate
Catholics at, 541

Kilkenny, Statute of, 265
Killiecrankie, battle of, 653
Kilsyth, battle of, 549

Kimbolton, Lord, see Manchester, Earl
of

King, authority of the, origin of, 33;
effect of the enlargement of the king-
doms on, 45; increased importance of,
69; limitations imposed by Magna
Carta on, 182; proposed administrative
restrictions on, 195; effect of the revo
lution of 1399 upon, 289
King's Bench, Court of, 212
King's Friends, the, 767

Kinsale, Spanish expedition to, 478
Knights Bachelors, the, appeal to
Edward, 199

Knights of the shire first admitted to
Parliament, 196; later elections of,
200, 201; importance of their conjunc
tion with borough members, 245
Knighthood fines, 515: prohibited, 531
Knox, John, opinions of, 418; urges on
the Lords of the Congregation, 432:
writes The Monstrous Regimen of
Women, id. organises the Presby
terian Church 434 his treatment of
Mary, 438

Kymry, the, origin of the name, 37;

share in the defeat of the Scots at
Degsastan, 42; are defeated by Æthel-
frith near Chester, 43; geographical
dismemberment of, b.; in alliance
with Penda, 46; weakness of, 49; see
Welsh

LA BOURDONNAIS takes Madras, 760
La Hogue, battle of, 658
Labourers, Statute of, 248, 268
Lafayette goes as a volunteer to
America, 786

Laibach, congress of, 882

Lake, General, defeats the Irish insur-
gents at Vinegar Hill, 841; his victo-
ries in India, 859

Lambert burnt as a heretic, 399
Lambert, Major-General, defeats Booth
at Winnington Bridge, 575
Lambeth, ford over the Thames at, 20
Lancaster, Duke of (John of Gaunt),
makes unsuccessful war in France,
257; heads the anti-clerical party,
260; opposes the Black Prince, 262;
reverses the proceedings of the Good
Parliament, ib.; supports Wycliffe,
263; takes the lead at the accession
of Richard II., 266; goes to Spain,
279; marries Catherine Swynford, 282
Lancaster, Earl of (Thomas), opposes
Edward II., 225; execution of, 228
Lanfranc trusted by William I., 88;
becomes Archbishop of Canterbury,

LEO

106; crowns William II., 114; death
of, 117

Langland, William, 259

Langport, battle of, 548

Langside, defeat of Mary at, 440
Langton, Stephen, chosen Archbishop of
Canterbury at Rome, 177; allowed by
John to come to England, 180; pro-
duces a charter of Henry I., 181; his
part in obtaining the Great Charter,

182

Lansdown, battle of, 538

Latimer, made Bishop of Worcester,
390; driven from his see, 400; ser-
mons preached at Court by, 417;
burnt, 425

Latimer, Lord, impeached, 262
Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, cha-
racter and opinions of, 516; becomes
Archbishop of Canterbury, and advises
the republication of the Declaration
of Sports, 517; wishes that the com-
munion table shall stand at the East
end, ib.; conducts a metropolitical
visitation, 520; unpopularity of, 521;
imprisonment of, 530; execution of,

1007

LEO

Leofwine, son of Godwine, earl of the
shires about the Thames, 90
Leopold I., Emperor, marries

the

daughter of Philip IV. of Spain, 592;
death of, 684

Leopold II., Emperor, his attitude to-
wards France, 824

Leopold, Duke of Austria, imprisons
Richard I., 161

Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, chosen King
of the Belgians, 912

Leslie, David, overthrows Montrose,
549; is defeated at Dunbar, 563
Levellers, the, 561

Leven, Alexander Leslie, Earl of, as
Alexander Leslie, commands the Scots
on Dunse Law, 526; becomes Earl of
Leven, and invades England, 542
Lewes, battle of, 201

Lewis III. (the Bavarian), Emperor,
supports Edward III., 235
Lexington, skirmish at, 783

Leyden, relief of, 449; congregation of
English Separatists at, 489

Liberals, the introduction of the name
of, 909

Lichfield House Compact, the, 913
Lilla gives his life for his lord, 44
Lille, taken by Marlborough, 690;
negotiations with the French Direc-
tory at, 837

Limerick, siege and capitulation of, 656
Limoges taken by the Black Prince, 257
Linacre, promotes the study of Greek at
Oxford, 367

Lincoln (see Lindum), settlement of
the Lindiswaras round, 28; establish-
ment of the see of, 107; Stephen taken
prisoner at, 135; cathedral at, 171, 207;
stormed by Manchester, 542
Lincoln, Abraham, chosen President of
the United States. 958

Lincoln, Earl of, killed at Stoke, 347.
Lindiswaras, settlement of, 28; possible
advance of, 36

Lindsey, Robert Bertie, Earl of, fails to
relieve Rochelle, 510

Lindum, Roman city at, 20; Anglian
settlers round, 28

Lisle, Alice, execution of, 637

Litany, the English, composed by Cran-

LOU

wel-

London, early importance of the position
of, 20; foundation of the bishopric of,
40; its commercial position under the
kings of Essex, ib.; acquired and
fortified by Elfred, 62, 63; attacked
by Olaf Trygvasson and Svend, 79;
after the Conquest, 127; supports
Stephen, 131, 134; submits for a time
to Matilda, 135; municipal organisa
tion of, 169; sends troops to the battle
of Lewes, 201; Wat Tyler in, 269;
Jack Cade in, 323: Edward IV. in,
328; Lady Jane Grey unpopular in,
420; provides ships instead of money
for the ship-money fleet, 523;
comes Charles I. on his return from
Scotland, 534, 535: declares against
Charles I., 536; sends out trained
bands to Gloucester, 539; attaches
itself to the Presbyterian party, 555;
influences the Whigs in, 622; Tory
elections in, 623; forfeiture of the
charter of, 624; growth of, 629; con-
dition of the streets of, 631; restora.
tion of the charter of, 644; support
given to Wilkes in, 776; upholds
the Lord Mayor and Aldermen in
their contest with the Commons, 779
London Bridge, building of, 272
Londonderry, siege of, 654
Long bow, the, see Archers
Longchamps, William of, appointed a
justiciar in the absence of Richard I.,
159; is banished, 161

Lord, devotion of Gesiths to their, 30; is
expected to marry, ib.; growth of his
jurisdiction, 72

Lords, House of, names the Duke of
York Protector, 324; decides on his
claim to the crown, 329; results of the
disappearance of the abbots from, 400;
a bill thrown out for removing the
bishops from, 533; bishops excluded
from, 536; refuses to join in constitut.
ing a High Court of Justice, 557: dis-
solution of, 561; imprisons Shaftes
bury, 612; discusses the abdication
of James II., 646; creation of twelve
peers to reverse the majority in, 695;
Peerage Bill introduced to give inde-
pendence to, 710

Lords of the Congregation, rise against
Mary of Guise, 432; are helped by
Elizabeth, 433

Lorraine ceded to Stanislaus Leczinski,

LOU

Louis (afterwards Louis VIII., king of
France) opposes John, 184; expelled
from England, 185

Louis IX., Saint, king of France, sur-
renders territory to Henry III., 200;
mediates between Henry III. and the
barons, ib.

Louis X., king of France, succeeded by
his brother, 232

Louis XI., king of France, succeeds his
father, 332: buys off Edward IV., 336
Louis XII., king of France, invades

Italy, 354; Italian wars of, 363;
marriage and death of, 364
Louis XIII., king of France, negotiates
for his sister's marriage, 501; resist-
ance of Rochelle to, 504; besieges
Rochelle, 506

Louis XIV., king of France, buys Dun-
kirk from Charles II., 587; gives a
slight support to the Dutch against
England, 591; his designs on the
Spanish inheritance, 592; signs the
treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 599; obtains
the treaty of Dover from Charles II.,
600; invades the Dutch territory, 605;
pensions Charles II., 611; is successful
in the Netherlands, 613; sends money
to Charles 11. to prevent the summon.
ing of a parliament, 627; offers finan-
cial help to James II., 635; revokes
the Edict of Nantes, 638; offers to
send his fleet to help James II.,
644; accepts the peace of Ryswick,
and acknowledges William III., 667;
refuses to make war against his grand-
son, 690; death of, 70

Louis XV., king of France, sickly in
his childhood, 707

Louis XVI., king of France, improves
the French navy, 788; summons the
States-General, 821; distrusted by the
National Assembly, 822; dethrone-
ment and execution of, 825
Louis XVIII., king of France, first
restoration of, 871; second restoration
of, 875; attempts to mediate in favour
of the Neapolitans, 882

Louis Napoleon, President of the French
Republic, 936; named President for
ten years, 938; see Napoleon III.,
Emperor

Louis Philippe, king of the French,
Charles X. overthrown in favour of,
898; promotes Belgian independence,
912; dismisses Thiers, 922; visits
Queen Victoria, 927; dethronement
of, 934

Louisbourg, Loudon fails to take, 752;
taken, 753

Louisiana, possessed by France, 747:
ceded by France to Spain, 766
Lovel, Lord, insurrection of, 345; sup-
ports Simnel, and is defeated at Stoke,

346, 347

Lowestoft, battle off, 590

Loyalists, the American, conjectural
number of, 782

MAI

Loyola, Ignatius, founds the Jesuit
Society, 437
Lucknow, siege of, 953

Lucy, Richard de, joint justiciar with
the Earl of Leicester, 140; makes head
against young Henry's rebellion, 153
Ludlow, Edmund, in Ireland, 563
Ludlow, break-up of the Yorkists at,
326

Lunéville, peace of, 840

Lunsford, Thomas, Lieutenant of the
Tower, 535

Luther, Martin, opposes the Papacy,
377 has a controversy with Henry
VIII., 379

Lutheranism, character of, 376, 377; its
influence in England, 396

Lutter, Christian IV. defeated at, 506
Luxembourg, Marshal, defeats

allies at Fleurus, 657
Lyell, his Principles of Geology, 940
Lynn supports Stephen, 134
Lyons, Richard, impeached, 262

the

MACADAM, improvement of roads by,

905

Macaulay, Thomas B., supports the
Reform Bill, 903; his History of Eng-
land, 941

Macaulay, Zachary, pleads for the aboli-
tion of slavery, 910

Maclan of Glencoe tenders his oath to
William III. too late, 653

Mackay, Andrew, defeated at Killie-
crankie, 653; serves in Ireland, 656
Mackintosh, Sir James, advocates the
reform of the criminal law, 885
Mad Parliament, the, 198

Madras, building of, 758; taken by the
French, 760; restored to the Eng-
lish and secured by Clive, 761
Madrid, journey of Prince Charles to,

497

Magdalen College, Oxford, expulsion of
the Fellows of, 641; restoration of the
Fellows of, 644

Magna Carta, 182; partially renewed
at the accession of Henry III., 185;
attitude of Edward I. to, 288
Magnus, king of Norway, 85
Mahdi, the, destroys an Egyptian army
and captures Khartoum, 971
Mahmoud, Sultan, asks Mehemet Ali
to assist him against the Greeks, 884;
death of, 922

Mahrattas, the, rise of, 759; Hastings
defends himself against, 802, 804;
reduced to submission by Wellesley,
859; reduced to complete dependency
by the Marquis of Hastings, 948
Maiden Castle, 4

Maine conquered by William I., 91;
failures of William II. in, 121; con-
quered by Philip II., 176; surrendered
to René by Henry VI., 317; the
English driven out of, 319

1009

ΜΑΙ

Maintenance and livery, Statute against,
281; increase of, 321; measures of
Henry VII. against, 345
Maitland of Lethington, William, op-
poses the Presbyterian clergy, 434
Major-generals, the, 571

Malcolm, king of the Scots, his alliance
with Eadmund, 64

Malcolm III., Canmore, ravages Eng-
land, 103; submits to William I., 104;
death of, 119

Malcolm IV. loses North-humberland
and Cumberland, 140
Malmesbury, Earl of, sent to negotiate
peace in France, 834
Malplaquet, battle of, 690

Malta, seized by Bonaparte, 837; sur-
renders to the English, 844; England
engages to surrender, 846; England
refuses to surrender, 848

Man, Isle of, subdued by Eadwine, 43
Manchester, Edward Montague, Earl
of, impeached, as Lord Kimbolton,
535 brought back to Westminster,
536 becomes Earl of Manchester and
is placed in command of the Eastern
Association, 542; attacked by Crom-
well, 544; resigns his command, 545
'Manchester massacre,' the, 879
Manfred, king of Sicily and Naples, 195,
197

Manhood suffrage, the Duke of Rich-
mond advocates, 789

Manilla, reduction of, 766
Manitoba, joins the Dominion of Canada,
967

Manor courts, 141

Mansfeld, Count, failure of his expedi
tion, 501

Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice, 749
Mantes burnt by William I., 114
Mantua, siege of, 834

Manufactures, social changes resulting
from the growth of, 817
Manufacturers, the distress amongst,
876-879

Manwaring, Roger, impeached, 511;
receives a good living from Charles I.,

512

Manx, a Goidelic language, 7
Mar's rising, 705

March, Earl of, see Edward IV.
March, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of, his
claim to the crown, 287; imprisoned
by Henry IV., 291; freed by Henry
V., 299

March, Roger, Earl of, grandson of the
Duke of Clarence, named heir by
Richard II., 287

Marengo, battle of, 840

Margaret, daughter of Henry VII.,
married to James IV., 356; excluded
from the succession, 411
Margaret of Anjou marries Henry VI.,
317; gives birth to a son, 323; puts her-
self at the head of the Northern forces,
326; defeats the Duke of York at Wake-
field, and Warwick at the second battle

MAR

of St. Albans, 328; is defeated at Tow-
ton, 329; is defeated at Hedgeley
Moor and Hexham, 331; reconciled
to Warwick, 333; defeated at Tewkes-
bury, 334.

Margaret, sister of Edward IV., married
to Charles the Rash, 332; protects
Lord Lovel, 346

Margaret, the Lady, 334

Margaret, the Maid of Norway, 214
Margaret, first wife of Malcolm Canmore,

119

Margaret Theresa, daughter of Philip
IV., marries Leopold I., and renounces
the Spanish succession, 592
Maria, the Infanta, proposal to marry
her to Prince Charles, 488; shrinks
from marrying a heretic, 497; is
courted by Charles, 498

Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip IV.,
marries Louis XIV., and renounces
the Spanish succession, 592

Maria Theresa (Empress), constituted
heiress of her father's hereditary do-
minions, 732; attacked on all sides,
ib.; cedes Silesia to Frederick II., 735
Marignano, battle of, 366
Marlborough, Statute of, 204
Marlborough, Duchess of, her influence
over Anne, 677

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of,
as Lord Churchill, deserts James II.,
645; becomes Earl of Marlborough,
657: disgraced by William III., 658;
betrays Talmash, 664; placed by Wil.
liam III. at the head of an army,
675; his influence over Anne, 677;
his first campaign in the Nether-
lands, 678; created a Duke, and
votes for the Occasional Conformity
Bill, 680; obtains the dismissal of
Rochester and Nottingham, and pro-
cures the entry of Harley and St.
John into the ministry, 681; defeats
Tallard at Blenheim, 682; turns to
the Whigs, 684; his victory
Ramillies, ib.; his victories at Õude-
narde and Malplaquet, 690; blamed
for prolonging the war, 691; sent to
Flanders with inadequate means, and
dismissed from his offices, 695
Marprelate Tracts, the, 470
Marriages of heiresses arranged by the
lord, 117

Marshal, Richard the, 188, 189

at

Marshal, William, the, guardian of
Henry III., 185

Marston Moor, battle of, 543
Martin, Master, his exactions, 195
Mary I., daughter of Henry VIII., as
princess, successively engaged to
Francis I. and his second son, 374;
her place in the succession acknow-
le lged by statute, 411; protected by
Charles V., 414: popularity of, 420;
is proclaimed queen, 421 her feelings
and opinions, ib.; wishes to restore
the Church lands, 422; is married to