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INDEX

1015

PAR

Charles I. for the militia, 536; raises
forces against the king, 537; tries to
disband the army, 553; its speakers
take refuge with the army, 555;
dissolution of, by Cromwell, 566; the
Barebone's, ib.; the first, of the
Protectorate, 570; the second, of the
Protectorate, 572; Richard Crom-
well's, 574; restoration of the Long,
575; final dissolution of the Long,
576; the first convention, 577-584;
the Cavalier, 585; supports
the
Church more than the king, 586;
rejects the declaration of Charles II.
in favour of toleration, 587; Albemarle
resists the dissolution of, 599; opposes
James II., 638; James II. attempts to
pack, 641

Parliamentary reform, views of Chatham
and Burke on, 777; supported by
Fox, 789; advanced views of the
Duke of Richmond on, 790; Pitt asks
for a committee to inquire into, 799;
Pitt brings forward a motion for, 801;
Pitt's Bill for, 808; advocated by Grey,
827; Hunt and Burdett ask for a
sweeping measure of, 879; Lord John
Russell supports a moderate measure
of, 894; granted by the first Reform
Act, 905; Russell proposes to carry
farther, 943; Disraeli brings in a bill
for, 956; Russell brings in a bill for,
957: Russell's ministry brings in a bill
for, 961 Disraeli carries a bill for, ib.;
a third bill for, carried by agreement
between Liberals and Conservatives,
972; see Reform Bill

Parma, Alexander Farnese, Prince of,
governor of the Spanish Nether-
lands, 45; gains ground in the
Netherlands, 454-456; takes Antwerp,
456; takes Zutphen, 457 hopes to
transport an army to England, 459;
blockaded by the Dutch, 462; sent to
aid the League, 464

Parnell leads the Irish Home Rule
party, 970

Parris, Van, burnt, 419

Parsons, Robert, lands in England,

453; escapes, 454

Parsons, Sir William, one of the Lords
Justices in Ireland, 533

Parties, Parliamentary, formation of
532; development of, 610, 628
Partition treaty, the first, 668; the
second, 671

Paston, John, attacked by Lord
Molynes, 321; domestic life of, 330
Patay, battle of, 311

Paterson, William, suggests the founda
tion of the Bank of England, 660;
originates the Darien expedition,
671

Patrick, St., introduces Christianity into
Ireland, 47

Paul, the Tzar, withdraws from the
coalition against France, 840; murder
of, 845

PET

Paulet, Sir Amias, refuses to put Mary
Stuart to death, 457

Paulinus effects conversions in Deira,
46

Pavia, battle of, 372

Peasants' Revolt, the, 268
Pedro the Cruel, 255

Peel, Mr. (afterwards Sir Robert), re-
commends the resumption of cash
payments, 879: becomes Home Secre-
tary, 884; passes bills for the reform
of the criminal law, 885; is Home
Secretary in Wellington's ministry,
893; agrees to the repeal of the Test
and Corporation Acts, 895; defeated
at Oxford, 896; carries a bill for
Catholic emancipation, ib.; introduces
the new police, 900; Prime Minister
for the first time, 913; refuses to take
part against the Municipal Corpora-
tions Bill, 914; fails to form a Minis-
try, 918; becomes Prime Minister a
second time, 925; first free-trade
budget of, 926; Irish policy of, 928;
second free-trade budget of, 929; at-
tacked by Disraeli, 930; abolishes
the Corn Law, 931; being defeated on
a bill for the protection of life in Ire-
land, resigns office, 932; public works
established in Ireland by, ib.; death
of, 936

Peerage Bill, the, rejection of, 710
Peers, creation of twelve, 695
Peishwah, the, rules over the Mahratta
confederacy, 760; driven from Poonah
859; abdicates, 948

Pelham, Henry, becomes First Lord of
the Treasury, 739; death of, 744
Peltier, tried for libelling Bonaparte,
848

Pembroke, Earl of, see William the
Marshal

Penda defeats Eadwine at Heathfield,
46; splits up North-humberland, 47 :
is defeated and slain, 48
Penitential system, the, introduced by
Theodore, 50

Penjdeh, seized by the Russians, 972
Penn and Venables, expedition of, to
the West Indies, 571

Pennsylvania, colonisation of, 629
Penruddock captures the judges at
Salisbury, 571

Penry, John, hanged, 472

People's Charter, the, 923; see Chartists
Pepys pities dissenters, 588
Perceval, Spencer, becomes
Minister, 865; murdered, 868

Prime

Percies, the, territorial influence of, 293
Percy, Henry (Hotspur), 293, 294
Perpendicular style, the, 247
Perrers, Alice, 260, 262
Perth, the five articles of, 525
Peter Martyr teaches in England, 416
Peter des Roches influences Henry III.
188 is dismissed, 189

Peter the Great, sends troops to Meck-
lenburg, 709

PET

Peter the Hermit, 120

Peter's Pence, abolition of, 391

Peterborough, Earl of, his campaign in
Spain, 684, 685

Petition of Right, the, 508
Petitioners, party name of, 620
Pevensey, landing of William at, 96
Philadelphia, congress of twelve colonies
meets in, 782; congress of thirteen
colonies meets in, 783; occupied by
Howe, 786; evacuated by the British,
787

Philip I., king of France, makes war
with William I., 114
Philip II., king of France, stirs up
enmity between Henry II.and his sons,
156; quarrels with Richard 1., 161;
stirs up John against Richard, 162;
supports Arthur against John, 174;
wins Normandy and Anjou from John,
175; prepares an invasion of England,
179; wins a victory at Bouvines,

181

Philip II., king of Spain, marries Mary,

the

423; abdication of Charles V. in
favour of, 426; deserts Mary, ib.;
induces Mary to declare war against
France, 427; makes peace with
France, 431; proposes to marry Eliza-
beth, 432; persecutes the Protestants
in the Netherlands, 443; annexes
Portugal, and shares in a plot for
the invasion of England and
murder of Elizabeth, 454; undertakes
the invasion of England, 456; claims
the English crown, 458; appoints a
commander for the Armada, 460;
supports the League in France, 464
Philip III., king of Spain, James I.
seeks an alliance with, 488
Philip IV., king of France, his relations
with Edward I. and with Scotland, 218
Philip IV., king of Spain, receives
Prince Charles, and negotiates with
the Pope about his sister's marriage,
497; consults theologians, 498; in-
forms Charles of his terms, 500; death

of, 592

Philip V., king of France, succeeds in
virtue of the so-called Salic law, 232
Philip V., king of Spain, the Spanish
inheritance bequeathed to, 671: at-
tachment of the Spaniards to, 682;
his claim to the French throne, 707
Philip VI., king of France, succeeds in
virtue of the so-called Salic law, and
receives the homage of Edward III.,
232; protects David Bruce, 234; de-
feats the Flemings at Cassel, 235;
avoids fighting the English, 239; is
defeated at Crecy, 242; death of, 251
Philip, the Archduke, birth of, 337;
marries Juana, 352; dies, 358
Philip's Norton, Monmouth at, 637
Philiphaugh, battle of, 549
Philippa of Hainault marries Edward
III., 231; begs the lives of the bur-
gesses of Calais, 243

PIT

Phoenicians, the, supposed visits to
Britain of, 7

Picts, the, ravages of, 23, 26; unite
with the Scots, 63

Piers the Plowman, 259
Pilgrim Fathers, the, 489

Pilgrim's Progress, publication of,
596
Pilgrimage of Grace, the, 396, 397
Pinkie Cleugh, battle of, 413
Pippin becomes king of the Franks, 54
Pitt, William (the elder), opposes Wal-
pole, 728; attacks Spain, 729; de-
claims against Carteret, 738; his
rivalry with Henry Fox, 747; dis
missed, 748; becomes Secretary of
State, and takes vigorous measures to
carry on the war with France, 750;
enlists Highland regiments, ib.; dis-
missal and popularity of, ib.: political
position of, 751; coalesces with New-
castle, ib.; encourages men of ability
and vigour, 752; enters into an alliance
with Frederick, ib.; resignation of,
766; refuses to join the Rockingham
Whigs, 771; his views on American
taxation, 773: created Earl of Chat-
ham, ib.; see Chatham, Earl of
Pitt, William (the younger), early career
of, 799; asks for a committee on Par-
liamentary reform, and becomes Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, ib.; brings
forward a motion for Parliamentary
reform, 801; becomes Prime Minister,
807; his struggle against the coalition,
b.; obtains a majority in a new Par-
liament, 808; his financial measures,
ib.; his India Bill, and his Bill for
Parliamentary reform, ib.; failure of
his scheme for a commercial union
with Ireland, 810: consents to the
impeachment of Hastings, 811; his
conduct in supporting the Regency
Bill, ib.: strengthened by the growth
of manufacturers, 819; thinks that
France will be weakened by the Re-
volution, 823; speaks against the
slave-trade, ib.: adopts a war policy,
825; fears the spread of French revo
lutionary principles in England, 828;
admits Whigs into his Cabinet, ib.;
assists French royalists to land in
Quiberon Bay, 830; carries the Trea-
son Act and the Sedition Act, ib.; his
views on the relations between Eng-
land and Ireland, 831; gives votes to
the Catholics in Ireland, 832; sends
Fitzwilliam to Ireland, ib.; recalls
Fitzwilliam, 833; his first negotiation
with the Directory, 834; imposes an
income-tax, 840; brings about the
Irish Union, 842; proposes Catholic
emancipation and resigns office, ib.:
assures the king he will never again
support Catholic emancipation, 843;
becomes Prime Minister a second
time, 848; weak in Parliamentary sup-
port, 851; death of, 855

INDEX

1017

PIU

Pius V., Pope, excommunicates Eliza-
beth, 441

Place Bill, the, 661

Plague, the, devastations of, 590
Plassey, battle of, 762

Plautius, Aulus, subdues south east
Britain, 13

Plymouth held by a Parliamentary gar-
rison, 538

Poitevins, favour of Henry III. to, 187,
194

Poitiers, battle of, 251

Poitou, John's attack on the barons of,
174; submission to Philip II. of part
of, 176; John attempts to recover,
180; Henry III. surrenders, 194
Poland, partition of, 827; assigned to
Russia, 873

Pole, Reginald, opposes Henry VIII.
and becomes a cardinal, 399; as Papal
legate reconciles England to the see
of Rome, 424; becomes archbishop of
Canterbury, 426; death of, 427
Police, the new, introduction of, 900
Polish succession, the war of, 725
Poll-taxes, 267, 268

Ponet made Bishop of Winchester, 416
Poor, the, condition of, 922
Poor Law, the new, 911

Poor priests sent out by Wycliffe, 268
Pope, character of the poetry of, 726
Popish Plot, the, 615

Population, growth of, 813

Port Mahon, excellence of the harbour
at, 690; taken by the French, 749
Portland, Duke of, Prime Minister in
the Coalition Ministry, 801; enters
Pitt's cabinet, 828; becomes Prime
Minister a second time, 857; death of,
865
Portland, Earl of, William III. attached
to, 664

Portland, Richard Weston, Earl of, as
Lord Weston, becomes Lord Treasurer,
514; made Earl of Portland and dies,
521

Porto Novo, battle of, 805

Portsmouth, Louise de Keroualle,

Duchess of, betrays the secrets of
Charles II., 602; extravagance of,
603
Portugal subdued by Philip II., 454;
French invasion of, 863; Wellesley's
first landing in, 864; return of Welles.
ley to, 866; the French driven out of,
867; secured by Canning, 884
Posidonius visits Britain, 8
Post Office reform, 918
Post-nati, the, 483

Power-loom, the, invented by Cart-
wright, 816

Powick Bridge, skirmish at, 537
Poynings' Acts, 350

Poyntz, Major-General, defeats Charles
I. at Rowton Heath, 549
Præmunire, Statute of, 258; re-enacted,

282

Pragmatic Sanction, the, 732

PRO

Pratt, Chief Justice of the Common
Pleas, discharges Wilkes, and declares.
against general warrants, 776; be-
comes Lord Chancellor and Lord
Camden, 776; see Camden, Lord
Prayer Book, the, see Common Prayer,
Book of

Prayer Book, the Scottish, introduced
by Charles I., 525

Prerogative, the, opinion of James I.
about, 492

Presbyterian clergy, the, prepared to
accept a modified episcopacy, 583;
expelled from their livings, 585; pro-
posal of Charles II. to obtain compre.
hension for, 599
Presbyterian party, the, in a majority in
the House of Commons, 546; attempts
to disband the army, 553; negotiates
with the Scots for a fresh invasion of
England, 554; generally accepts the
Prayer Book, 586
Presbyterianism emanates from Geneva,
430; its organisation completed in
France, 431; adopted in Scotland,
434; attempts to establish, in England,
470; feeling in the Long Parliament
about, 532; adopted by the Assembly
of Divines, 543; Charles I. urged to
establish in England, 551

Press, the liberty of the, 663
Preston, Cromwell's victory at, 557
Preston Pans, battle of, 740
Pretender, the Old, acknowledged King
of England by Louis XIV., 675; a
fraction of the Tory party favours the
claims of, 699; appears in Scotland to
support Mar's rising, 705

Pretender, the Young, his fleet shattered
by a storm, 737; lands in the High-
lands, 739; defeats Cope at Preston
Pans and marches to Derby, 740; re-
turns to Scotland and defeats Hawley
at Falkirk, 741; defeated at Culloden,
742; escapes to the continent, 743
Prichard, Lord Mayor, 624
Pride's Purge, 557

Prime Minister, gradual development
of the office of, 716

Prince Edward Island, joins the Do.
minion of Canada, 968
Printing-press, the, 358
Prisons, condition of, 275
Privilege of Parliament, Strickland's
case of, 445; Eliot's vindication of the,
512

Privy Council, the, Temple's scheme for
reforming, 617
Prophesyings, the, 450
Protectionists, the, led by Stanley, 931;
vote against Peel's bill for the pro-
tection of life in Ireland, ib.
Protectorate, establishment of the, 568
Protestants, the English, feeling of
Henry VIII. and More towards, 388;
parties amongst, 413; the Marian per-
secution of, 424; local distribution of,
426; their position at Elizabeth's acces

PRO

sion, 428; influence of Calvinism on,
430

Provençals favoured by Henry III., 192
Provisions of Oxford, the, 198
Provisors, Statute of, 258; re-enacted,
282
Prussia, Frederick I. receives the title
of King of, 678; succession of
Frederick II. in, 732; annexation of
Silesia, 735; attacked in the Seven
Years' War, 749; takes part in the
struggle with revolutionary France,
824; takes part in the partition of
Poland, 827; makes peace with France
at Basel, 829; overthrown at Jena, 857;
ill-treated by Napoleon, 858; joins
Russia against Napoleon, 87; gains
territory at the Congress of Vienna,
873; adoption of a constitutional
system in, 934; repression of the
revolutionists in, 936; makes war
with Austria, 963; at the head of the
North German Confederation, ib.;
see German Empire, the

Prynne, character and writings of, 519;
his sentence in the Star Chamber, ib.;
second sentence on, 521
Public Meetings, origin of, 789
Puiset, Hugh de, appointed a justiciar
in the absence of Richard I., 159
Pularoon, refusal of the Dutch to sur-
render, 589; abandoned by the Eng-
lish, 593.

Pulteney, leads a section of the opposi-
tion against Walpole, 722; stirs up
public opinion against the Excise
Bill, 724 refuses office and becomes
Earl of Bath, 730, 731

Punishments, early English, 32; medi-
æval, 275

Puritans, the, aims of, 444; gain influ

ence in the House of Commons, 445,
468; the Court of High Commission
directed against, 470: opinions of, at
the Hampton Court Conference, 482;
unpopular after the Restoration, 586
Purveyance, abolition of, 582
Purveyors, 274

Pusey, a leader of the Oxford move-
ment, 940

Pym differs from Eliot on the method of
dealing with the question of Tonnage
and Poundage, 512; addresses the
Short Parliament on grievances, 529;
proposes in the Long Parliament the
impeachment of Strafford, ib. ; his view
of Strafford's case, 530; discloses the
army plot, 531; is one of the leaders
of the party of the Grand Remon-
strance, 534; accused as one of the
five members, 535; urges the House
of Commons to resist Charles I., 540;
death of, 542

Pytheas opens a trade-route to Britain, 8

QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE, the, 709
Quebec, Wolfe sent to take, 753; sur-
render of, 756

RIC

Queen Anne's Bounty, 693
Queensland, established as a separate
colony, 969

Quia emptores, Statute of, 212
Quiberon Bay, Hawke's victoryin, 756 ;
landing of French royalists in, 830
Quo warranto, writs of, 624, 625

RADCOT BRIDGE, the Duke of Ireland
defeated at, 280

Radicals, the demand for reform made
by, 877

Rædwald, king of East Anglia, 41;
Eadwine takes refuge with, 43
Raglan, Lord, commands the English
army invading the Crimea, 945
Railways, introduction of, 906
Raleigh, Sir Walter, takes part in the
capture of Cadiz, 464; sentenced to
death and imprisonment, 481; loses
Sherborne, 486; voyage to Guiana and
execution of, 499; his colony in Vir-
ginia, ib.

Ralph de Diceto, 167

Ralph of Wader takes part in the Rising
of the Earls, 110

Ramillies, battle of, 684

Ranulph Flambard, see Flambard
Ré, Buckingham's expedition to, 505
Reading taken by Essex, 538

Reading, the abbot of, executed, 400
Recognitions, 147

Recusancy laws, the, penalties inflicted
by, 454

Reform Bill, the first, introduced and
withdrawn, 902; re-introduced and
rejected by the Lords, 903; brought
in a third time and passed, 905; pass-
ing of the second, 961; passing of
the third, 972; see Parliamentary Re-
form

Regency Bill, the, 811

Regicides, the, execution of, 582
Reginald elected Archbishop of Canter-
bury by the monks, 177
Regni, the, join Aulus Plautius, 13
Regular clergy, the, 65
Regulating Act, the, 802
Reign of Terror, the, 826-828
Reims, College at, 453

Relics, destruction of, 398

Renascence, the, character of, 366; its
influence on England, 367 : immorality
of, 374, 375

Rent, land let for, 321

Reporting, freedom of, established, 779
Representative institutions, see Parlia-

ment

Requesens, governor of the Netherlands,

449

Retainers substituted for vassals, 231;
increase of the number of, 321

Revenue of the crown fixed after the
Restoration, 582

Revolution of 1638-9, 646-648

Rich, Edmund, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, 189

RIC

INDEX

Richard I., as Duke of Aquitaine, 155;
takes the cross, 157; becomes King of
England, 159; sells the homage of
Scotland, ib.; his Crusade and im-
prisonment, 161; is liberated, 162; his
short visit to England, ib.; death of,
165

Richard II., proposal to set aside, 261;
his minority, 266; meets the insur-
gents, 268; offers to head them, 269;
marries Anne of Bohemia, 278; his
favouritism, ib.; superseded in his
authority by a Commission of Regency,
279; regains power and governs con-
stitutionally, 280; makes an alliance
with France, and marries Isabella, 282;
makes himself absolute, ib. ; banishes
Norfolk and Hereford, 283; goes to
Ireland, 284; forced to abdicate, 285;
murdered, 291; alleged re-appearance
of, 293; buried at Westminster, 299
Richard III. (see Duke of Gloucester) is
created a duke, 329; character of,
337; becomes Protector, 338: has
Hastings executed, 340; is crowned
king, 341; his government, 342; de-
feated and slain, 343

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, leads the
barons against Henry III., 192;
deserts the barons, 195; takes part in
summoning knights of the shire to
Parliament, 196; is chosen king of the
Romans, 198; hides himself after the
battle of Lewes, 201

Richard Fitz-Nigel writes the Dialogus
de Scaccario, 167

Richard the Fearless, Duke of the
Normans, 80

Richard the Good, Duke of the
Normans, 81

Richmond, Duke of, asks for manhood

suffrage and annual parliaments. 790
Richmond, Earl of, see Henry VII.
Riding on horseback, 273

Ridley made Bishop of London, 416;
burnt, 425

Ridolfi plot, the, 444
Rinuccini, Archbishop, arrives

in

Ireland, 550; leaves Ireland, 562
Ripon, architecture of the choir of, 171
Ripon, Earl of, resigns office, 912; see
Robinson, Frederick J., and Goderich,
Viscount

Ripon, treaty of, 529

Rising in the North, the, 441
Rising of the Earls, the, 110

Rivers, Earl, becomes Lord Constable,

331; imprisoned, 338; executed, 340
Rizzio, David, murder of, 439

Roads, making and repair of, 272, 273:
improvement in, 633.

Robert I. (Bruce), king of Scotland,

allied with Edward I., 223; slays
Comyn, and is crowned King of Scot-
land, 224; defeats Edward II. at Ban-
nockburn, 226; leprosy of, 231; death

of, 232

Robert II., king of Scotland, 295

ROM

1019

Robert III., king of Scotland, 295
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, his power in
the West of England, 133; declares for
Matilda, 134; taken prisoner, and ex-
changed for Stephen, 135; death of, ib.
Robert, Duke of the Normans (father of
William the Conqueror), 88

Robert, Duke of the Normans (son of
William the Conqueror), incapacity of,
114; rebellion in England in favour
of, 115; goes on the first Crusade, 121;
fails to overthrow Henry I., 124; de-
feat, imprisonment, and death of, 125
Robert of Bellême, cruelty of, 119; be.
comes Earl of Shrewsbury, 121; ex-
pelled by Henry I., 124; imprisonment
of, 125

Robert of Jumièges, Archbishop of Can-
terbury, 87

Robin Hood, legend of, 275
Robinson, Sir Thomas, fails as leader of
the House of Commons, 747
Robinson, Frederick J., budgets of, 886;
see Goderich, Viscount, and Ripon,
Earl of
Rochefort, failure of an attempt against,
753

Rochelle, Buckingham lends ships to
fight against the Huguenots of, 504;
siege of, 506; expedition to the relief
of, 510
Rochester, foundation of the bishopric
of, 40; Odo besieged in, 115
Rochester, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of,
advises against the summoning of
Parliament, 626; dismissal of, 640;
dismissed through the influence of
Marlborough, 681

Rockingham, Council at, 118
Rockingham, Marquis of, leads one of
the three fractions of the Whig party,
768; first ministry of, 771; dismissal
of, 773; second ministry of, 795;
death of, 796

Rockingham Whigs, the, Pitt's dislike
of, 771; Burke's influence with, 772:
take the view that the House of Com-
mons has no right to incapacitate
Wilkes, 774; oppose Parliamentary
reform, 777; support economical re-
form, 789

Rodney, Admiral, bombards Havre,
756; defeats De Grasse, 795

Roger, Archbishop of York, crowns the
young Henry, 149

Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, Minister of
Henry I., 126; quarrels with Stephen,

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