Charles I. for the militia, 536; raises forces against the king, 537; tries to disband the army, 553; its speakers take refuge with the army, 555; dissolution of, by Cromwell, 566; the Barebone's, ib.; the first, of the Protectorate, 570; the second, of the Protectorate, 572; Richard Crom- well's, 574; restoration of the Long, 575; final dissolution of the Long, 576; the first convention, 577-584; the Cavalier, 585; supports the Church more than the king, 586; rejects the declaration of Charles II. in favour of toleration, 587; Albemarle resists the dissolution of, 599; opposes James II., 638; James II. attempts to pack, 641
Parliamentary reform, views of Chatham and Burke on, 777; supported by Fox, 789; advanced views of the Duke of Richmond on, 790; Pitt asks for a committee to inquire into, 799; Pitt brings forward a motion for, 801; Pitt's Bill for, 808; advocated by Grey, 827; Hunt and Burdett ask for a sweeping measure of, 879; Lord John Russell supports a moderate measure of, 894; granted by the first Reform Act, 905; Russell proposes to carry farther, 943; Disraeli brings in a bill for, 956; Russell brings in a bill for, 957: Russell's ministry brings in a bill for, 961 Disraeli carries a bill for, ib.; a third bill for, carried by agreement between Liberals and Conservatives, 972; see Reform Bill
Parma, Alexander Farnese, Prince of, governor of the Spanish Nether- lands, 45; gains ground in the Netherlands, 454-456; takes Antwerp, 456; takes Zutphen, 457 hopes to transport an army to England, 459; blockaded by the Dutch, 462; sent to aid the League, 464
Parnell leads the Irish Home Rule party, 970
Parris, Van, burnt, 419
Parsons, Robert, lands in England,
Parsons, Sir William, one of the Lords Justices in Ireland, 533
Parties, Parliamentary, formation of 532; development of, 610, 628 Partition treaty, the first, 668; the second, 671
Paston, John, attacked by Lord Molynes, 321; domestic life of, 330 Patay, battle of, 311
Paterson, William, suggests the founda tion of the Bank of England, 660; originates the Darien expedition, 671
Patrick, St., introduces Christianity into Ireland, 47
Paul, the Tzar, withdraws from the coalition against France, 840; murder of, 845
Paulet, Sir Amias, refuses to put Mary Stuart to death, 457
Paulinus effects conversions in Deira, 46
Pavia, battle of, 372
Peasants' Revolt, the, 268 Pedro the Cruel, 255
Peel, Mr. (afterwards Sir Robert), re- commends the resumption of cash payments, 879: becomes Home Secre- tary, 884; passes bills for the reform of the criminal law, 885; is Home Secretary in Wellington's ministry, 893; agrees to the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, 895; defeated at Oxford, 896; carries a bill for Catholic emancipation, ib.; introduces the new police, 900; Prime Minister for the first time, 913; refuses to take part against the Municipal Corpora- tions Bill, 914; fails to form a Minis- try, 918; becomes Prime Minister a second time, 925; first free-trade budget of, 926; Irish policy of, 928; second free-trade budget of, 929; at- tacked by Disraeli, 930; abolishes the Corn Law, 931; being defeated on a bill for the protection of life in Ire- land, resigns office, 932; public works established in Ireland by, ib.; death of, 936
Peerage Bill, the, rejection of, 710 Peers, creation of twelve, 695 Peishwah, the, rules over the Mahratta confederacy, 760; driven from Poonah 859; abdicates, 948
Pelham, Henry, becomes First Lord of the Treasury, 739; death of, 744 Peltier, tried for libelling Bonaparte, 848
Pembroke, Earl of, see William the Marshal
Penda defeats Eadwine at Heathfield, 46; splits up North-humberland, 47 : is defeated and slain, 48 Penitential system, the, introduced by Theodore, 50
Penjdeh, seized by the Russians, 972 Penn and Venables, expedition of, to the West Indies, 571
Pennsylvania, colonisation of, 629 Penruddock captures the judges at Salisbury, 571
Penry, John, hanged, 472
People's Charter, the, 923; see Chartists Pepys pities dissenters, 588 Perceval, Spencer, becomes Minister, 865; murdered, 868
Percies, the, territorial influence of, 293 Percy, Henry (Hotspur), 293, 294 Perpendicular style, the, 247 Perrers, Alice, 260, 262 Perth, the five articles of, 525 Peter Martyr teaches in England, 416 Peter des Roches influences Henry III. 188 is dismissed, 189
Peter the Great, sends troops to Meck- lenburg, 709
Peter the Hermit, 120
Peter's Pence, abolition of, 391
Peterborough, Earl of, his campaign in Spain, 684, 685
Petition of Right, the, 508 Petitioners, party name of, 620 Pevensey, landing of William at, 96 Philadelphia, congress of twelve colonies meets in, 782; congress of thirteen colonies meets in, 783; occupied by Howe, 786; evacuated by the British, 787
Philip I., king of France, makes war with William I., 114 Philip II., king of France, stirs up enmity between Henry II.and his sons, 156; quarrels with Richard 1., 161; stirs up John against Richard, 162; supports Arthur against John, 174; wins Normandy and Anjou from John, 175; prepares an invasion of England, 179; wins a victory at Bouvines,
Philip II., king of Spain, marries Mary,
423; abdication of Charles V. in favour of, 426; deserts Mary, ib.; induces Mary to declare war against France, 427; makes peace with France, 431; proposes to marry Eliza- beth, 432; persecutes the Protestants in the Netherlands, 443; annexes Portugal, and shares in a plot for the invasion of England and murder of Elizabeth, 454; undertakes the invasion of England, 456; claims the English crown, 458; appoints a commander for the Armada, 460; supports the League in France, 464 Philip III., king of Spain, James I. seeks an alliance with, 488 Philip IV., king of France, his relations with Edward I. and with Scotland, 218 Philip IV., king of Spain, receives Prince Charles, and negotiates with the Pope about his sister's marriage, 497; consults theologians, 498; in- forms Charles of his terms, 500; death
Philip V., king of France, succeeds in virtue of the so-called Salic law, 232 Philip V., king of Spain, the Spanish inheritance bequeathed to, 671: at- tachment of the Spaniards to, 682; his claim to the French throne, 707 Philip VI., king of France, succeeds in virtue of the so-called Salic law, and receives the homage of Edward III., 232; protects David Bruce, 234; de- feats the Flemings at Cassel, 235; avoids fighting the English, 239; is defeated at Crecy, 242; death of, 251 Philip, the Archduke, birth of, 337; marries Juana, 352; dies, 358 Philip's Norton, Monmouth at, 637 Philiphaugh, battle of, 549 Philippa of Hainault marries Edward III., 231; begs the lives of the bur- gesses of Calais, 243
Phoenicians, the, supposed visits to Britain of, 7
Picts, the, ravages of, 23, 26; unite with the Scots, 63
Piers the Plowman, 259 Pilgrim Fathers, the, 489
Pilgrim's Progress, publication of, 596 Pilgrimage of Grace, the, 396, 397 Pinkie Cleugh, battle of, 413 Pippin becomes king of the Franks, 54 Pitt, William (the elder), opposes Wal- pole, 728; attacks Spain, 729; de- claims against Carteret, 738; his rivalry with Henry Fox, 747; dis missed, 748; becomes Secretary of State, and takes vigorous measures to carry on the war with France, 750; enlists Highland regiments, ib.; dis- missal and popularity of, ib.: political position of, 751; coalesces with New- castle, ib.; encourages men of ability and vigour, 752; enters into an alliance with Frederick, ib.; resignation of, 766; refuses to join the Rockingham Whigs, 771; his views on American taxation, 773: created Earl of Chat- ham, ib.; see Chatham, Earl of Pitt, William (the younger), early career of, 799; asks for a committee on Par- liamentary reform, and becomes Chan- cellor of the Exchequer, ib.; brings forward a motion for Parliamentary reform, 801; becomes Prime Minister, 807; his struggle against the coalition, b.; obtains a majority in a new Par- liament, 808; his financial measures, ib.; his India Bill, and his Bill for Parliamentary reform, ib.; failure of his scheme for a commercial union with Ireland, 810: consents to the impeachment of Hastings, 811; his conduct in supporting the Regency Bill, ib.: strengthened by the growth of manufacturers, 819; thinks that France will be weakened by the Re- volution, 823; speaks against the slave-trade, ib.: adopts a war policy, 825; fears the spread of French revo lutionary principles in England, 828; admits Whigs into his Cabinet, ib.; assists French royalists to land in Quiberon Bay, 830; carries the Trea- son Act and the Sedition Act, ib.; his views on the relations between Eng- land and Ireland, 831; gives votes to the Catholics in Ireland, 832; sends Fitzwilliam to Ireland, ib.; recalls Fitzwilliam, 833; his first negotiation with the Directory, 834; imposes an income-tax, 840; brings about the Irish Union, 842; proposes Catholic emancipation and resigns office, ib.: assures the king he will never again support Catholic emancipation, 843; becomes Prime Minister a second time, 848; weak in Parliamentary sup- port, 851; death of, 855
Pius V., Pope, excommunicates Eliza- beth, 441
Place Bill, the, 661
Plague, the, devastations of, 590 Plassey, battle of, 762
Plautius, Aulus, subdues south east Britain, 13
Plymouth held by a Parliamentary gar- rison, 538
Poitevins, favour of Henry III. to, 187, 194
Poitiers, battle of, 251
Poitou, John's attack on the barons of, 174; submission to Philip II. of part of, 176; John attempts to recover, 180; Henry III. surrenders, 194 Poland, partition of, 827; assigned to Russia, 873
Pole, Reginald, opposes Henry VIII. and becomes a cardinal, 399; as Papal legate reconciles England to the see of Rome, 424; becomes archbishop of Canterbury, 426; death of, 427 Police, the new, introduction of, 900 Polish succession, the war of, 725 Poll-taxes, 267, 268
Ponet made Bishop of Winchester, 416 Poor, the, condition of, 922 Poor Law, the new, 911
Poor priests sent out by Wycliffe, 268 Pope, character of the poetry of, 726 Popish Plot, the, 615
Population, growth of, 813
Port Mahon, excellence of the harbour at, 690; taken by the French, 749 Portland, Duke of, Prime Minister in the Coalition Ministry, 801; enters Pitt's cabinet, 828; becomes Prime Minister a second time, 857; death of, 865 Portland, Earl of, William III. attached to, 664
Portland, Richard Weston, Earl of, as Lord Weston, becomes Lord Treasurer, 514; made Earl of Portland and dies, 521
Porto Novo, battle of, 805
Portsmouth, Louise de Keroualle,
Duchess of, betrays the secrets of Charles II., 602; extravagance of, 603 Portugal subdued by Philip II., 454; French invasion of, 863; Wellesley's first landing in, 864; return of Welles. ley to, 866; the French driven out of, 867; secured by Canning, 884 Posidonius visits Britain, 8 Post Office reform, 918 Post-nati, the, 483
Power-loom, the, invented by Cart- wright, 816
Powick Bridge, skirmish at, 537 Poynings' Acts, 350
Poyntz, Major-General, defeats Charles I. at Rowton Heath, 549 Præmunire, Statute of, 258; re-enacted,
Pragmatic Sanction, the, 732
Pratt, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, discharges Wilkes, and declares. against general warrants, 776; be- comes Lord Chancellor and Lord Camden, 776; see Camden, Lord Prayer Book, the, see Common Prayer, Book of
Prayer Book, the Scottish, introduced by Charles I., 525
Prerogative, the, opinion of James I. about, 492
Presbyterian clergy, the, prepared to accept a modified episcopacy, 583; expelled from their livings, 585; pro- posal of Charles II. to obtain compre. hension for, 599 Presbyterian party, the, in a majority in the House of Commons, 546; attempts to disband the army, 553; negotiates with the Scots for a fresh invasion of England, 554; generally accepts the Prayer Book, 586 Presbyterianism emanates from Geneva, 430; its organisation completed in France, 431; adopted in Scotland, 434; attempts to establish, in England, 470; feeling in the Long Parliament about, 532; adopted by the Assembly of Divines, 543; Charles I. urged to establish in England, 551
Press, the liberty of the, 663 Preston, Cromwell's victory at, 557 Preston Pans, battle of, 740 Pretender, the Old, acknowledged King of England by Louis XIV., 675; a fraction of the Tory party favours the claims of, 699; appears in Scotland to support Mar's rising, 705
Pretender, the Young, his fleet shattered by a storm, 737; lands in the High- lands, 739; defeats Cope at Preston Pans and marches to Derby, 740; re- turns to Scotland and defeats Hawley at Falkirk, 741; defeated at Culloden, 742; escapes to the continent, 743 Prichard, Lord Mayor, 624 Pride's Purge, 557
Prime Minister, gradual development of the office of, 716
Prince Edward Island, joins the Do. minion of Canada, 968 Printing-press, the, 358 Prisons, condition of, 275 Privilege of Parliament, Strickland's case of, 445; Eliot's vindication of the, 512
Privy Council, the, Temple's scheme for reforming, 617 Prophesyings, the, 450 Protectionists, the, led by Stanley, 931; vote against Peel's bill for the pro- tection of life in Ireland, ib. Protectorate, establishment of the, 568 Protestants, the English, feeling of Henry VIII. and More towards, 388; parties amongst, 413; the Marian per- secution of, 424; local distribution of, 426; their position at Elizabeth's acces
sion, 428; influence of Calvinism on, 430
Provençals favoured by Henry III., 192 Provisions of Oxford, the, 198 Provisors, Statute of, 258; re-enacted, 282 Prussia, Frederick I. receives the title of King of, 678; succession of Frederick II. in, 732; annexation of Silesia, 735; attacked in the Seven Years' War, 749; takes part in the struggle with revolutionary France, 824; takes part in the partition of Poland, 827; makes peace with France at Basel, 829; overthrown at Jena, 857; ill-treated by Napoleon, 858; joins Russia against Napoleon, 87; gains territory at the Congress of Vienna, 873; adoption of a constitutional system in, 934; repression of the revolutionists in, 936; makes war with Austria, 963; at the head of the North German Confederation, ib.; see German Empire, the
Prynne, character and writings of, 519; his sentence in the Star Chamber, ib.; second sentence on, 521 Public Meetings, origin of, 789 Puiset, Hugh de, appointed a justiciar in the absence of Richard I., 159 Pularoon, refusal of the Dutch to sur- render, 589; abandoned by the Eng- lish, 593.
Pulteney, leads a section of the opposi- tion against Walpole, 722; stirs up public opinion against the Excise Bill, 724 refuses office and becomes Earl of Bath, 730, 731
Punishments, early English, 32; medi- æval, 275
Puritans, the, aims of, 444; gain influ
ence in the House of Commons, 445, 468; the Court of High Commission directed against, 470: opinions of, at the Hampton Court Conference, 482; unpopular after the Restoration, 586 Purveyance, abolition of, 582 Purveyors, 274
Pusey, a leader of the Oxford move- ment, 940
Pym differs from Eliot on the method of dealing with the question of Tonnage and Poundage, 512; addresses the Short Parliament on grievances, 529; proposes in the Long Parliament the impeachment of Strafford, ib. ; his view of Strafford's case, 530; discloses the army plot, 531; is one of the leaders of the party of the Grand Remon- strance, 534; accused as one of the five members, 535; urges the House of Commons to resist Charles I., 540; death of, 542
Pytheas opens a trade-route to Britain, 8
QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE, the, 709 Quebec, Wolfe sent to take, 753; sur- render of, 756
Queen Anne's Bounty, 693 Queensland, established as a separate colony, 969
Quia emptores, Statute of, 212 Quiberon Bay, Hawke's victoryin, 756 ; landing of French royalists in, 830 Quo warranto, writs of, 624, 625
RADCOT BRIDGE, the Duke of Ireland defeated at, 280
Radicals, the demand for reform made by, 877
Rædwald, king of East Anglia, 41; Eadwine takes refuge with, 43 Raglan, Lord, commands the English army invading the Crimea, 945 Railways, introduction of, 906 Raleigh, Sir Walter, takes part in the capture of Cadiz, 464; sentenced to death and imprisonment, 481; loses Sherborne, 486; voyage to Guiana and execution of, 499; his colony in Vir- ginia, ib.
Ralph de Diceto, 167
Ralph of Wader takes part in the Rising of the Earls, 110
Ramillies, battle of, 684
Ranulph Flambard, see Flambard Ré, Buckingham's expedition to, 505 Reading taken by Essex, 538
Reading, the abbot of, executed, 400 Recognitions, 147
Recusancy laws, the, penalties inflicted by, 454
Reform Bill, the first, introduced and withdrawn, 902; re-introduced and rejected by the Lords, 903; brought in a third time and passed, 905; pass- ing of the second, 961; passing of the third, 972; see Parliamentary Re- form
Regency Bill, the, 811
Regicides, the, execution of, 582 Reginald elected Archbishop of Canter- bury by the monks, 177 Regni, the, join Aulus Plautius, 13 Regular clergy, the, 65 Regulating Act, the, 802 Reign of Terror, the, 826-828 Reims, College at, 453
Relics, destruction of, 398
Renascence, the, character of, 366; its influence on England, 367 : immorality of, 374, 375
Rent, land let for, 321
Reporting, freedom of, established, 779 Representative institutions, see Parlia-
Requesens, governor of the Netherlands,
Retainers substituted for vassals, 231; increase of the number of, 321
Revenue of the crown fixed after the Restoration, 582
Revolution of 1638-9, 646-648
Rich, Edmund, Archbishop of Canter- bury, 189
Richard I., as Duke of Aquitaine, 155; takes the cross, 157; becomes King of England, 159; sells the homage of Scotland, ib.; his Crusade and im- prisonment, 161; is liberated, 162; his short visit to England, ib.; death of, 165
Richard II., proposal to set aside, 261; his minority, 266; meets the insur- gents, 268; offers to head them, 269; marries Anne of Bohemia, 278; his favouritism, ib.; superseded in his authority by a Commission of Regency, 279; regains power and governs con- stitutionally, 280; makes an alliance with France, and marries Isabella, 282; makes himself absolute, ib. ; banishes Norfolk and Hereford, 283; goes to Ireland, 284; forced to abdicate, 285; murdered, 291; alleged re-appearance of, 293; buried at Westminster, 299 Richard III. (see Duke of Gloucester) is created a duke, 329; character of, 337; becomes Protector, 338: has Hastings executed, 340; is crowned king, 341; his government, 342; de- feated and slain, 343
Richard, Earl of Cornwall, leads the barons against Henry III., 192; deserts the barons, 195; takes part in summoning knights of the shire to Parliament, 196; is chosen king of the Romans, 198; hides himself after the battle of Lewes, 201
Richard Fitz-Nigel writes the Dialogus de Scaccario, 167
Richard the Fearless, Duke of the Normans, 80
Richard the Good, Duke of the Normans, 81
Richmond, Duke of, asks for manhood
suffrage and annual parliaments. 790 Richmond, Earl of, see Henry VII. Riding on horseback, 273
Ridley made Bishop of London, 416; burnt, 425
Ridolfi plot, the, 444 Rinuccini, Archbishop, arrives
Ireland, 550; leaves Ireland, 562 Ripon, architecture of the choir of, 171 Ripon, Earl of, resigns office, 912; see Robinson, Frederick J., and Goderich, Viscount
Ripon, treaty of, 529
Rising in the North, the, 441 Rising of the Earls, the, 110
Rivers, Earl, becomes Lord Constable,
331; imprisoned, 338; executed, 340 Rizzio, David, murder of, 439
Roads, making and repair of, 272, 273: improvement in, 633.
Robert I. (Bruce), king of Scotland,
allied with Edward I., 223; slays Comyn, and is crowned King of Scot- land, 224; defeats Edward II. at Ban- nockburn, 226; leprosy of, 231; death
Robert II., king of Scotland, 295
Robert III., king of Scotland, 295 Robert, Earl of Gloucester, his power in the West of England, 133; declares for Matilda, 134; taken prisoner, and ex- changed for Stephen, 135; death of, ib. Robert, Duke of the Normans (father of William the Conqueror), 88
Robert, Duke of the Normans (son of William the Conqueror), incapacity of, 114; rebellion in England in favour of, 115; goes on the first Crusade, 121; fails to overthrow Henry I., 124; de- feat, imprisonment, and death of, 125 Robert of Bellême, cruelty of, 119; be. comes Earl of Shrewsbury, 121; ex- pelled by Henry I., 124; imprisonment of, 125
Robert of Jumièges, Archbishop of Can- terbury, 87
Robin Hood, legend of, 275 Robinson, Sir Thomas, fails as leader of the House of Commons, 747 Robinson, Frederick J., budgets of, 886; see Goderich, Viscount, and Ripon, Earl of Rochefort, failure of an attempt against, 753
Rochelle, Buckingham lends ships to fight against the Huguenots of, 504; siege of, 506; expedition to the relief of, 510 Rochester, foundation of the bishopric of, 40; Odo besieged in, 115 Rochester, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of, advises against the summoning of Parliament, 626; dismissal of, 640; dismissed through the influence of Marlborough, 681
Rockingham, Council at, 118 Rockingham, Marquis of, leads one of the three fractions of the Whig party, 768; first ministry of, 771; dismissal of, 773; second ministry of, 795; death of, 796
Rockingham Whigs, the, Pitt's dislike of, 771; Burke's influence with, 772: take the view that the House of Com- mons has no right to incapacitate Wilkes, 774; oppose Parliamentary reform, 777; support economical re- form, 789
Rodney, Admiral, bombards Havre, 756; defeats De Grasse, 795
Roger, Archbishop of York, crowns the young Henry, 149
Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, Minister of Henry I., 126; quarrels with Stephen,
« ПредыдущаяПродолжить » |