1025

TAN

Tangier acquired by Charles II., 587
Tasmania becomes a separate colony, 968
Taunton, siege of, 548

Taxation, see Danegeld, Customs
Taylor, Rowland, burnt, 424
Tel-el-Kebir, battle of, 971
Telford, improvement of roads by, 905
Templars, the Knights, 157

Temple, Lord, canvasses the House of
Lords against Fox's India Bill, 806
Temple, Sir William, negotiates the
Triple Alliance, 599; advises the reform
of the Privy Council, 617; failure of
his scheme, 620

Tennyson, his In Memoriam, 943
Terouenne, 364

Test Act, the, passed, 607; a second,
616; violated by James II., 638;
Sunderland and Stanhope think of
repealing, 710; Walpole resists the
repeal of, 716; partial repeal of, 895
Tewkesbury, battle of, 334

Texel, the, Rupert defeated off, 608
Thackeray, his Vanity Fair, 940
Thames, the, early ferry over, 20
Thanet, probable identification of Ictis
with, 8; Jutes established in, 27
how
Thegns,
distinguished from
Gesiths, 31; their devotion to their
lord, 44; growing military importance
of, 69

Theodore, Archbishop, his influence on
the Church of England, 50; assembles
the first Church Council, 52
Thetford, removal of the see from, 107
Thiers supports Mehemet Ali, and pre-
pares for war with England, 922
Thirty Years' War, the, beginning of,
490; end of, 564

Thistlewood proposes to murder the
cabinet, 881

Thomas of Canterbury, St., destruction
of the shrine of, 398
Thomas of London (Becket), Chancellor,

140; being appointed Archbishop of
Canterbury, resists Henry II., 143;
takes refuge in France, 145; returns
to England, 149; is murdered, 150
Throgmorton's conspiracy, 456
Thurlow, Lord, his saying about Fox's
India Bill, 806

Thurstan, Archbishop, leads the levies
at the battle of the Standard, 132
Tiberias, battle of, 157

Ticonderoga, Abercrombie repulsed at,
753; taken by Amherst, ib.; taken by
the Americans, 783

Tilsit, the treaty of, 858

Tin, Phoenician and Greek trade in, 8
Tinchebrai, battle of, 125
Tintern Abbey, 129
Tippermuir, battle of, 547

Tippoo, succeeds Hyder Ali, and makes

peace, 805: defeated by Cornwallis,
837; defeated by Harris and slain, 838
Tithes, proposal of the Barebone's Par-
liament to abolish, 567

Tithes, Irish, difficulty of collecting, 910

TRA

Todleben commands the Russians at
Sebastopol, 945
Togidumnus, death of, 13
Toleration, Cromwell's advocacy of,
543; Charles II. proposes to adopt,
583; Charles II. issues a declaration
in favour of, 587; tendency of science
to promote, 598; Locke's letters on,
652

Toleration Act, the, 651

Tone, Wolfe, founds the United Irish-
men, 832; sent to France, 834
Tonnage and Poundage, nature of, 509;
claimed by Charles I. in spite of the
Petition of Right, 510; Act prevent-
ing the king from levying, 531
Torbay, arrival of William III. in, 644
Torrington, Earl of, Arthur Herbert,
defeated at Beachy Head, 657

Tory party, the, origin of the name of,
620; reaction in favour of, 622; elects
officers in the city, 623; gains a
majority in the Common Council,
624 supports William III., 656;
political ideas of, 672; its aims in
the reign of Anne, 691; foreign
policy of, 692; twelve peers created
from, 695; its position after the Treaty
of Utrecht, 699; loses power at the
death of Anne, 702; principles of, at
the accession of George III., 767;
secures office under Lord North, 776;
rises to power under Pitt, 808; co-
alesces with the majority of the Whigs,
828

Tostig, Earl of North-humberland, 89;
driven from his earldom, 90; allied to
Harold Hardrada, 94; killed at Stam-
ford Bridge, 96

Toulon, attack by Eugene and Shovel
on, 689

Toulouse, battle of, 871

Touraine conquered by Philip II., 176
Tournai, 364

Tourville, Count of, defeats the English
and Dutch off Beachy Head, and
makes himself master of the Channel,
657

Town, the, 693

Towns, growth of, 62, 72, 168; condition
of the outskirts of, 191
Townshend, Charles, places duties on
imports into the American colonies,
773; death of, 774

Townshend, Lord, becomes Secretary
of State, 703; dismissed by George I.,
709; re-admitted to office, 711; im-
proves the cultivation of turnips, 813
Townships, early political organisation
of, 31

Towton, battle of, 329
Trade, see Commerce
Trafalgar, battle of, 854
Trakir, battle of, 947

Transition from round-arched to Pointed
architecture, 171

Transvaal Republic, the, foundation of,

969; annexation of, 970; acknow.

TRA

ledgment of the independence of,

971

Travelling, modes of, 273

Treason Act, the, carried, 830
Treasonable Correspondence Act, 828
Treasons, Act creating new, 392
Treasons, Statute of, 250
Trent, the Council of, 436

Trent, the Anglian occupation of the
Valley of, 36

Tresilian, Chief Justice, hanged, 280
Triennial Act of Charles I., the, 530;
repealed, 588

Triennial Act, the second, 661
Triers, Commission of, 569

Trimmer, origin of the name of, 618
Trinobantes, the geographical position
of, 8; side with Cæsar, 11; submit to
Cunobelin, 12

Triple Alliance, the, 599
Troppau, Congress of, 882
Troyes, the Treaty of, 306

Tudor, Owen, marries the widow of
Henry V., 335

Tulchan bishops, the, 524
Tumblers, 275

Tunis, Blake sent against, 571

Turin, Eugene raises the siege of, 684
Turkish dominions, the proposal of
Nicholas to partition, 943

Turks, the,uprising of the Greeks against,
884; defeated by Ibrahim Pasha, 921;
welcome aid from Russia, ib.; Syria
restored to, 922; at war with Russia,
944; are overpowered by Russia, and
submit to the Treaty of Berlin, 969
Turner, landscape-painting of, 943
Turnham Green, the militia of the city
resist Charles I. at, 537

Tuscany, Duke of, Blake sent against, 571
Tyndale, William, translates the New
Testament, 396

Tyrconnel, Earl of, see O'Donnell
Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Earl of,
Lord Deputy in Ireland, 640
Tyre in danger, 157

Tyrone, Earl of, see O'Neill, Hugh

ULM, capitulation of, 854
Ulster, plantation of, 484; insurrec-
tion and massacre in, 534
Undertakers, the, 487

Uniformity, Elizabethan Act of, 429:
Restoration Act of, 585

Union with Scotland, 685; with Ireland,
842

United Irishmen, Society of, foundation
of, 832; prepares for an insurrection,
841

United States, the; see America, the
United States of

Universities, growth of, 167: consulted
on the divorce of Henry VIII., 385
Unkiar Skelessi, treaty of, signed, 921;
abandoned, 922

Urban II., Pope, supported by Lan-
franc, 118; preaches a Crusade, 120

19;

martyrdom of St. Alban at, 23
Vestments, ecclesiastical, Hooper's rejec
tion of, 417; Puritan resistance to the
use of, 444; Whitgift's opinion on the
propriety of, 468

Vicar, meaning of the term, 129
Victor Emanuel II., King of Sardinia,
afterwards King of Italy, maintains
constitutional government, 936; joius
the allies in the Crimean war, 947;
supported by the French in the war
for the liberation of Italy, 956; be-
comes king of Italy. 957

Victoria, accession of, 914; refuses to
dismiss Whig Ladies of the Bed-
chamber, 918; marriage of, 926; visits
Louis Philippe, 927
Vienna, congress of, 873
Villa Viciosa, battle of, 692
Villages, arrangements of, 75

Villeins, the, uncertain origin of, 31; in-
crease of, 69; position of, after the
Norman conquest, 102; partial com-
mutation of the services of, 168; effect
of the Black Death upon, 248: in-
surrection of, 268; take refuge in towns,
275; land ceases to be cultivated by,

1027

VIR

Virginia, colonisation of, 489
Viriconium, Roman colony at, 14
Vittoria, battle of, 871

Volunteers, the Irish, 796; the English,
848, 957

Vortigern establishes Jutes in Thanet,

27

Vote of No Addresses, 556

WAGRAM, battle of, 865
Wakefield, battle of, 328
Walcheren, expedition to, 865
Wales reduced by Harold, 90; Flemish
settlement in, 128; conquered by
Edward I., 210; marches of, ib.; sup
ports Richard II., 285

Walker, Obadiah, Roman Catholic
Master of University College, 639
Wallace, William, rises against Ed-
ward I., 221; execution of, 222
Waller, Sir William, defeated at Lans-
down and Roundway Down, 538 ; takes
Arundel Castle and defeats Hopton
at Cheriton, 542; fights at Cropredy
Bridge, 544; resigns his command, 545
Wallingford, Treaty of, 137
Walls, the Roman, 17

Walpole, Sir Robert, resigns office, 709;
opposes the repeal of the Test Act and
the passing of Peerage Bill, 710; re-
solves to rely on the Commons, not on
the Lords, ib.; re-admitted to office,
711; becomes First Lord of the Trea
sury, 712; his method of managing
the House of Commons, 714; his doc-
trine of Quieta non movere,' 716;
his rivalry with Carteret, 718; con.
tinues in power under George II., 720;
his breach with Townshend, ib.;
brings in an Excise Bill, 722; with-
draws the Excise Bill, 724; is unwilling
to go to war with Spain, 728; charac
teristics of the sections of the opposi
tion against, ib.; hopes to end the
quarrel with Spain by negotiation,
729; end of the administration of,
730; made Earl of Orford, 731
Walsingham, Sir Francis, Secretary to
Elizabeth, 457

Walter Map, 167

Waltheof, Earl of Northamptonshire
and Huntingdonshire, 90; is be-
headed, 110

Wanborough, Ceawlin defeated at, 36
Wandewash, battle of, 764

War-band, the, composed of Gesiths, 30
Warbeck, Perkin, insurrection of, 350-
352; execution of, 354

Wardship, nature of the lord's claim to,
116; results of the system, 330
Wars of the Roses, origin of the name
of, 324; state of society during, 330
Warwick, Earl of, opposes Richard II,
279: banishment of, 282

Warwick, Earl of (son of the Duke of
Clarence), imprisonment of, 343; exe.
cution of, 354

WES

Warwick, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of,
regent in France, 313

Warwick, Richard Nevill, Earl of (the
King-maker), influence of, 324; retires
to Calais, and comes back and defeats
the Lancastrians at Northampton,
326; estranged from Edward IV.,
332; is reconciled to Queen Margaret,
333 restores Henry VI., and is de-
feated and slain at Barnet, 334
Warwick, Earl of, see Northumberland,
Duke of

Washington, burning of the Capitol at,
873
Washington, George, appointed com
mander of the Continental army, 783;
his difficulties, 784; driven by the
British out of New Jersey, ib.; regains
New Jersey, 786; defeated on the
Brandywine, ib.; winters at Valley
Forge, 787

Wat Tyler, insurrection of, 268, 269
Waterloo, battle of, 874

Watt improves the steam-engine, 816
Wealth of Nations, The, publication of,

810

Wedderburn becomes Solicitor-General,

779

Wedmore, Peace of, (the so-called) 59
Wellesley, Marquis, his subsidiary sys-
tem, 859: see Mornington, Lord
Wellesley, Sir Arthur, his victories in
India, 859; defeats Junot at Vimeiro,
864; returns to Portugal, and drives
Soult out of Oporto, 866; defeats the
French at Talavera, 867; created a
Viscount, ib.; see Wellington, Vis-

count

Wellington, Viscount, afterwards Duke
of, defends the lines of Torres Vedras,
867; elements of the success of, 868;
takes Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz,
869; defeats Marmont at Salamanca,
and enters Madrid, ib.: becomes
Prime Minister, 893; supports the
Catholic Emancipation Bill, 896;
fights a duel, ib.; resignation of, 900;
takes measures against the Chartists,
935 death of, 938; see Wellesley, Sir
Arthur

Welsh, the, speak a language derived
from that of the Britons, 7; origin of
their name, 31; adopt the name Kymry,
37; defeated by thelfrith near
Chester, 43: split up into three divi.
sions, ib.; driven out of Somerset, 53;
their relations with Ecgberht, 56; see
Wales

Wentworth, Sir Thomas, see Strafford,
Earl of

Wentworth, Thomas Wentworth, Lord,
governor of Calais, 427
Weregild, system of, 32
Wesley, teaching of, 746

Wesley, Samuel, sermon by, 642
Wessex, gradual formation of, 28, 34, 35:
is weakened by internal quarrels, 41;
accepts Christianity, 48; growing

WES

unity of, 53; causes of the supremacy
of, 55; an earldom under God wine
and Harold, 84, 89

West Indies, the, conflicts between
English and Spanish sailors in, 447;
sinuggling in, 726; ill-treatment of
Englishmen in, 728; capture of islands
in, 859

West Saxons, the, first conquests of, 28;
defeated at Mount Badon, ib.; occupy
Salisbury Plain, 34; wage war with
the men of Kent and with the Britons
of the Severn Valley, 35; are defeated
at Faddiley, ib.; see Wessex
West Wales split off from other Welsh
territory, 42

Westminster Abbey, consecration of, 91;
coronation of William I. in, 100
Westmorland, Charles Neville, Earl of,
takes part in the rising of the North,

441

Weston, Lord, see Portland, Earl of
Westphalia, Peace of, 564; erection of
the kingdom of, 858
Westward Ho ! 447

Wexford, slaughter at, 563

Wharton, Lord, as Thomas Wharton, is
a member of the Whig Junto 660
Whig party, the, origin of the name

of, 620; has a hold on the city of
London, 622 misuses its power in
the second Convention Parliament,
656; William choose, his ministers
from, 659; supported by Marlborough
and Godolphin. 684; obtains complete
control over the ministry, 687; im-
peaches Dr. Sacheverell, 691; dis-
graced by Anne, ib.; is strong in the
House of Lords, 695; position of, after
the Treaty of Utrecht, 699; supported
by George I., 703; secures a parlia-
mentary majority, and prepares to
impeach the leading Tories, 704; sup-
ports the Septennial Act, 706; change
in the foreign policy of, 707; schism
in, 709; causes of its strength when
led by Walpole, 713: divisions in,
722; hostility of George III. to, 765;
divided into three fractions, 768: se-
ceders from, coalesce with Pitt, 828;
enters into relations with Canning,
892; chooses Lord Althorp as its
leader, 898; coalesces with the Can-
ningites, 891
"Whip with six strings, the,' 400
White Ship, the, wreck of, 129
Whitefield preaches at Kingswood, 746
Whitgift, John, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, opinions of, 468; the High
Commission Court under, 470; com-
pared with Hooker, 472

Whitworth, Lord, violent language of
Bonaparte towards, 848

Wilberforce denounces the slave-trade,
8:3

Wilfrid supports Papal authority, 50
Wilkes, John, arrested for an article in
the North Briton, 769; condemned as

WIL

the author of an indecent poem, and
expelled from the House of Commons,
770; escapes to France, ib.; returns
to England, and is elected for Middle-
sex, 774; expelled from the House,
and declared incapable of sitting in
it, ib. supported by the mob, 775:
takes part as an alderman in the im
prisonment of a messenger of the
House of Commons, 779

Wilkins, Bishop, aims at comprehension,
598

William I. (the Conqueror) declared heir
of Eadward the Confessor, 88; his rule
in Normandy, ib.; claims the crown
from Harold, 91; lands at Pevensey,
and defeats Harold at Senlac, 96-98;
crowned at Westminster, 100; progress
of his conquest, 101-103: devastates
the Vale of York, 103; subdues Here.
ward, and receives Malcolm's submis
sion, 104; his method of keeping
English and Normans in subjection,
104-106; his relations with the Church,
106-110; suppresses the Rising of the
Earls, 110; lays waste the New
Forest, ib. has Domesday Book pre-
pared, 111; receives oaths at Salisbury,
113; death of, 114

:

William I., Prince of Orange, Stad-
holder of the Dutch republic, 449:
Jaureguy's attempt to murder, 454;
murdered by Gerard, 456

William II. (Rufus) is crowned King of
England, 114 is supported by the
English against Robert, 115; charac
ter of, ib.; his treatment of Anselm,
117; his quarrels with his brothers, 118;
his relations with Scotland, 119; sup
presses Mowbray's rebellion, 120; last
years of, 121 is murdered, 122
William II., Prince of Orange, death of,
565

William III., Prince of Orange, defends
the Dutch republic, 605; is offered the
hand of Mary, daughter of the Duke
of York, 608 at the head of a conti-
nental alliance, 609; marriage of, 613;
invited to England, 644; lands at
Brixham and marches on London, 645;
arrives at Whitehall, 646; the crown
offered to, 647; chooses his ministers
from both parties, 649; receives the
crown in Holland, 652 permits the de-
struction of the Highlanders of Glen
coe, 654; dissolves his first parliament,
656; defeats james II. at the battle of
the Boyne, ib.; deprives Marlborough
of his offices, 658; defeated at Stein-
kirk and Neerwinden, ib.; places the
Whig Junto in office, 659; his grief
at his wife's death, 661; takes Namur,
663 trusts the Dutch more than the
English, 664: plot for the assassina-
tion of, 665; compelled to reduce the
army, 667; signs the first Partition
Treaty, 668; opposed by the House
of Commons, 670; signs the second

1029.

WIL

129

William Clito, son of Robert, 129
William Longbeard, 169, 170
William of Malmesbury, 129
William of Newburgh, 167

William the Lion, king of Scotland,
acknowledges himself to be a vassal
of Henry II., 154; frees himself from
vassalage, 159

Williams, John, Archbishop of York,
impeachment of, 535
Winceby, fight at, 542

Winchelsey, Archbishop, 221

Winchester, secular canons driven out
of, 68; burial of William II. at, 122;
Stephen chosen king at, 131; taken by
Cromwell, 549

Windham enters Pitt's cabinet. 828
Winnington Bridge, Booth defeated at,
575

Winwæd, the battle of, 48
Wishart, George, burnt, 413

Witenagemot, the, constitution of, 45;
discussion on the acceptance of Chris-
tianity in, 46; constitutional powers
of, 74; becomes the Great Council,
113; see Great Council, the
Witt, John de, Pensionary of Holland,

589; negotiates the Triple Alliance,
599; murder of, 605

Wolfe, General, sent against Quebec,
753; death of, 756

Wolfe Tone; see Tone, Wolfe

Wolseley, Sir Garnet, defeats Arabi at
Tel-el-Kebir, 971

Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal, rise of, 363;
magnificence of, 364; supports a policy
of peace, 365, 366; comes into the
House of Commons, 371; becomes
unpopular on account of the Amicable
Loan, 372; secures his position by an
alliance with France, 374 aspires to
the papacy, 375; is named legate a
latere, ib.; his views on Church re-
form, 376; founds two colleges, 377;
fails to persuade Henry VIII. to
abandon Anne Boleyn, 380; is ap-
pointed legate to try Henry's divorce,
382; fall of, 383; death of, 384
Women, education of, in the Middle
Ages, 65

Wonderful Parliament, the, 280

Wood's halfpence, 718

Worcester, battle of, 564

Worcester, secular canons driven from,
68

Wordsworth, poetry of, 889

Wren, Sir Christopher, buildings by,
632
Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, excluded
from the Council, 412

Wroxeter, see Viriconium

Wulfhere maintains the independence
of Mercia, 48

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, rebellion and exe-
cution of, 423

Wycliffe, John, his doctrines, 261; sum
moned before an ecclesiastical court
at St. Paul's, 262; sends out 'poor
priests,' and renounces transubstantia-
tion, 266; retires, and dies, 269
Wykeham, William of, deprived of the
Chancellorship, 260; restored to the
Council, and again dismissed, 262

YARMOUTH Supports Stephen, 134.
York (see Eboracum) submits to Harold
Hardrada, 95; taken by William I.,
102; devastation of the Vale of, 103:
massacre of Jews at, 160; Charles I.
at, 537; siege of, 542

York, Archbishop of, his right to crown
a king questioned, 149

York, Archbishopric of, founded, 46
York, Duke of Edmund (son of
Edward III.), joins Henry IV., 285
York, Duke of, second son of George
III., commands in the Netherlands,
826

York, James, Duke of, see James II.
York, Richard, Duke of (father of
Edward IV.), is regent in France, 313;
governs Ireland, 319; first Protectorate
of, 323 second Protectorate of, 324;
driven to Ireland, 326; claims the
throne, 327; defeated and slain, 328
York, Richard, Duke of (son of Edward
IV.), lodged in the Tower, 341;
murdered, 342

Yorke, Charles, suicide of, 776
Yorktown, Cornwallis capitulates at,