Alasco, opinions of, 418
Alban, martyrdom of, 23
Albany, the Duke of, suspected of the
murder of the Duke of Rothesay,
295; is regent of Scotland, 296
Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of, as
George Monk, commands in Scotland,
575; effects the restoration, 576;
created Duke of Albemarle, 580; holds
a command in the battle off the North
Foreland, 592; advises Charles II. not
to dissolve Parliament, 599
Alberoni, enterprises of, 709
Albert, Prince, marriage of, 920 : receives
the title of Prince Consort, 959; death
of, ib.
Albigeois, the, crusade against, 193
Albin, probable Iberian derivation of
the name, 6
Albion, see Albin
Albuera, battle of, 869
Alcluyd (Dumbarton), the capital of
Strathclyde, 43
Alençon, Francis, Duke of, Elizabeth
proposes to marry, 416; entertained by
Elizabeth, 454; attacks Antwerp, 455;
death of, 456
Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, 134
Alexander I. (the Tzar) makes a treaty
with England, 845; looks to England
for help, 857 makes peace with
Napoleon at Tilsit, 858
Alexander II. (the Tzar) succeeds
Nicholas, and makes peace, 947
Alexander III., king of Scotland death
of, 214
Alexander III., Pope, shrinks from sup-
porting Archbishop Thomas, 145
Alexander IV., Pope, confirms a grant
of Sicily to Edmund Crouchback, 197
Alexander VI., Pope, character of, 375
Alford, battle of, 549
Alicante, capture of, 685
Alighur, battle of, 859
All the Talents, the ministry of, forma.
tion of, 855; resignation of, 857.
Allectus asserts a claim to the Empire, 22
Allen, Cardinal, founds a college at
Douai, 453; plots to murder Elizabeth,
Alma, the battle of, 945
Almanza, Galway defeated at, 689
Alnwick, Malcolm Canmore slain at,
119; William the Lion captured at,
154 dismantled, 296
Althorp, Lord, becomes leader of the
Whigs in the House of Commons, 898;
is a member of Lord Grey's ministry,
901; carries a bill reducing the number
of Irish bishoprics, 910; becomes Earl
Spencer, 912
Alva, Duke of, his tyranny in the Ne-
therlands, 443: discusses the murder
of Elizabeth, 445; fails to reduce the
Dutch, 449
Ambresbyrig (Amesbury) named from
Ambrosius, 34
Ambrosius fights with the West Saxons, 34
Ambrosius Aurelianus, fights with the
Jutes, 27
America, struggle between England and
France for territory in, 747
America, North, the British colonies in,
resistance to the Stamp Act by, 771;
import duties imposed on, 773; resist-
ance to the duties by, 774; public
opinion in England turns against, 778;
repeal of the duties charged on, with
the exception of the tea duty, 779;
resistance to the tea duty in, 780;
congress of Philadelphia in, 782:
beginning of armed resistance in, 783;
meeting of the Congress of the United
Colonies' in, ib.; Declaration of In-
dependence voted by the Congress
of, 784; see Canada; America, the
United States of
America, the United States of, assist-
ance secretly given by France to. 786;
open alliance of France and Spain
with, 787; British successes against,
788; progress of the war in, 792; the
capitulation of Yorktown ends the
war in, 794; causes of the success of,
ib.; peace made at Paris with, 798;
war of Great Britain with, 872; peace
of Ghent with, 73; disputes about
their frontier with, 927; civil war in,
958; Mason and Slidell surrendered
by, 959
Amherst, General, takes Crown Point
and Fort Duquesne, 753
Amicable Loan, the, 372
Amiens, the mise of, 200; the treaty of,
846
Anderida destroyed by the South
Saxons, 28
André, Major, execution of, 788
Andred's Wood covers the Weald, 27
Angevin kings, Church and State under,
165 growth of learning under, 167;
growth of commerce under, 168; archi-
tectural changes under, 170
Angles ravage Roman Britain, 24; settle
in Britain, 28; advance gradually, 36;
see Bernicia, Deira, East Anglia,
Mercia, North-humberland
Anjou, Geoffrey, Count of, 131; united
with Normandy, 137; declares for
Arthur, 174 conquered by Philip II.,
176; English forays in, 317
Anjou, Henry, Duke of, see Henry III.,
king of France
Annates, first Act of, 388; second Act of,
390
Anne, daughter of James II., birth of,
608; deserts James II., 645; settlement
of the crown on, 647: accession of,
676; influence of Marlborough over,
677 gives her confidence to Mrs.
Masham, 687; dismisses the Whig
ministers, 691: death of, 700
Anne Boleyn, appears at Court, 380; is
married to Henry VIII., 389; execu
tion of, 395
Anne of Beaujeu, policy of, 348
Anne of Bohemia marries Richard II., 278
Anne of Brittany is married
Maximilian by proxy, 349; married to
Charles VIII., 349.
Anne of Cleves married to Henry VIII.,
400; divorce of, 401
Annual Parliaments advocated by the
Duke of Richmond, 789, 792
Anselm acknowledges Alfheah to be a
martyr, 82; character of, 117; be-
comes Archbishop of Canterbury, 118;
quarrels with William II., .; his
relations with Henry I., 125
Anson, Admiral, sails round the world,
730
Anti-Corn-Law League, the, foundation
of, 924; spread of, 932
Antoninus Pius, wall of, 17
Antwerp attacked by Alençon, 455;
taken by Parma, 456
Appeals, Act of, 389; provision for the
hearing of, 391
Appellant, the Lords, 279,
Appropriation clause, the, proposed,
910; dropped, 914
Aquæ Sulis (Bath) subdued of the West
Saxons, 35
Aquitaine, Duchy of, passes to Henry
II. by his marriage, 137; is given to
Richard, 155; divided in language
and character from the North of
France, 176; intrigues of Philip IV.
in, 218; efforts of Philip VI. to gain,
234: ceded to Edward III., 253;
the Black Prince made Duke of, 254;
resistance to the Black Prince in, 256;
almost wholly lost, 257; complete loss
Arabi, insurrection of, 971
Archers employed at Senlac, 96; armed
with the long bow at Falkirk, 221;
improperly employed at Bannockburn,
226; effect of, at Halidon Hill, 234;
drawn from the yeomen, 236; win the
battle of Crecy, 242; are successful at
Poitiers, 251
Architecture before the Conquest, 51;
Norman, 89; under the Angevins,
170; Early English style of, 207;
Decorated and Perpendicular styles of,
247; later development of, 358; Eliza-
bethan, 465; Stuart, 631, 632; in the
reign of Anne, 701
Arcot, siege of, 761
Areopagitica, 546
Argaum, battle of, 859
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of,
execution of, 636
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Marquis of,
opposed to Montrose, 547; execution
of, 595
Argyle, Duke of, commands against
Mar's rising, 705
improves the spinning.
machine, 815
Arles, Council of, 23
Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of, secre-
tary to Charles II., 599; intrigues
against Clifford, 607
Armada, the Invincible, sailing of, 458;
destruction of, 462
Armagnac, the Count of, establishes a
reign of terror, 303; murder of, 304
Armagnacs, party of the, oppose the
Burgundians, 296; relations of Henry
IV. with, 299; make war with the
Burgundians, 301; insurrection of the
Parisians against, 304
Armed Neutrality, the, 792
Army, the, the folk-moot in arms, 33:
Alfred's organisation of, 60; under
William I., 104, 106; re-organised by
Henry II., 141; its condition under
Edward III., 236; the New Model,
formation of, 545; attempt of Parlia
ment to disband, 553; choice of Agita-
tors in, 554; gains possession of the
king's person, 555; the heads of the
proposals presented in the name of,
ib.; drives out the eleven mem.
bers, ib.; turns against the king, 556,
557 expels members by Pride's
Purge, ib.; its inability to recon-
struct society after the king's exe-
cution, 560; overthrows Richard
Cromwell, restores and expels the
Rump, 575; brings back the Rump, ib.;
receives Charles II. on Blackheath,
578; paid off, 584; parliamentary con-
trol over, 650; reduction of, 667;
abolition of purchase in, 964
Army, the Royal, beginning of, 584
Army plot, the, 531
Arnold, Benedict, plots to betray Ameri-
can forts, 789
Arras, congress at, 313; Treaty of, 337
Art in the reign of Anne, 701
Arteveldt, Jacob van, 235
Arteveldt, Philip van, 278
Arthur, legend of, 33
Arthur, nephew of John, descent of,
173; murder of, 174
Arthur, Prince of Wales, marriage and
death of, 356
Articles, the ten, 395; the six, 399; the
forty-two, 420; the thirty-nine, ib.;
declaration of Charles I..prefixed to, 512
Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury,
banished, 282; his position under
Henry IV., 292; deprived of the
Chancellorship, 299; Oldcastle tried
before, 300
Arundel Castle taken and lost by
Hopton, 542
Arundel, the Earl of, opposes Richard
II., 279; executed, 282
Aryans, the, 5
Ashley, Lord, see Shaftesbury, Earl of
Ashley, Lord, carries a factory act,
911; carries an act restricting labour
in mines, and the labour of women
and children in factories, 927
Aske heads the Pilgrimage of Grace, 397
Aspern, battle of, 865
Assandun, battle of, 83
Assembly of divines, proposal to refer
church questions to, 534; meeting of,
540; declares for Presbyterianism, 543
Asser, life of Ælfred by, 61
Assiento Treaty, the, 696
Assize of Arms, 154
Assize of Clarendon, see Clarendon
Association, the, in defence of Elizabeth,
456
Association, the, in defence of William
III., 666
Athelney, Elfred takes refuge in, 58
Athlone taken by the army of William
III., 656
Attainder, Bill of, against Thomas Crom-
well, 401; nature of a, ib., note i. ;
against Strafford, 531
Auckland, Lord, his policy in Afghan-
istan, 949
Aughrim, battle of, 656
Augustine preaches to the men of Kent,
39; becomes Archbishop of Canter-
bury and founds other bishoprics, 40;
fails to obtain the co-operation of the
Welsh bishops, 41
Auldearn, battle of, 547
Aumale, Earl of, surrenders his castles
to Hubert de Burgh, 187
Aurungzebe weakens the Mogul em-
pire, 758; death of, 759
Austerlitz, battle of, 854
Australia, progress of the colonisation of,
967
Australasian colonies, the, 918
Austria, imprisonment of Richard I. in,
161; takes part in the Grand Alliance,
675; attacked by Frederick II., 733;
joins a coalition against Frederick II.,
749; French declaration of war
against, 824; makes the treaty of
Campo-Formio with France, 837;
takes part in the second coalition, 838;
joins the third coalition, 854; Francis
II. adopts the title of Emperor of,
856; joins Russia and Prussia against
Napoleon, 871; acquires Lombardy
and Venetia, 873; adoption of a con-
stitutional system in, 934; at war with
Hungary, 935; its army defeated at
Magenta and Solferino, 956; its army
defeated at Sadowa, 963; acquires the
protectorate over Bosnia and Herze-
govina, 970
Austrian succession, war of, 732; end of
the war of, 743
Avice of Gloucester divorced by John,
174
Avignon, the Popes at, 257
BABINGTON plots the murder of Eliza.
beth, 457
Bacon, Francis (Lord Verulam and
Viscount St. Alban), scientific aspira-
tions of, 474; advises Elizabeth as 10
the treatment of the Catholics, 475;
Barrow, Isaac, addresses his sermons to
the understanding, 598
Basel, treaties of, 829
Basing House taken by Cromwell, 549
Basques, the, Iberian descent of, 5
Bastwick sentenced by the Star Cham-
ber, 521
Bate's case, 484
Bath, see Aqua Sulis
Battle Abbey, site of, 96
Baugé, battle of, 306
Baxter, imprisoned by Jeffreys, 635
Bayeux Tapestry, the, 98
Baylen, capitulation of, 863
Bayonne taken by the French, 320
Beachy Head, battle of, 657
Beaconsfield, Earl of, insists on the
Russians laying their agreement with
the Turks before a congress, 969; end
of the ministry of, 971
Bears, performing, 275
Beaton, Cardinal, burns Wishart, 412;
is murdered, 414
Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winchester,
becomes Chancellor, 299; invites Par-
liament to support Henry V., 301.
opposes Gloucester, 308; becomes a
cardinal, 309; continues his opposition
to Gloucester, 314; policy of, 317;
death of, 318
Bec, Abbey of, 89, 117
Becket, see Thomas, Archbishop of Can-
terbury
Bede, Ecclesiastical History of, 52
Bedford, West Saxon victory at, 35:
castle of Faukes de Breauté at, 187
Bedford, John, Duke of, brother of
Henry V., sent to secure Harfleur,
303; Regent of France, 307; marries
the Duke of Burgundy's sister, ib.;
defeats the French at Verneuil, 308;
returns to England, 312; death of, 313
Bedford, Duke of, joins George Gren-
ville's ministry, 770; death of, 779
Bedingfield, Sir Henry, takes charge of
Elizabeth, 423
Begums of Oude, Hastings forces to pay
money to the Nawab, 805
Belgians land in Britain, 8
Belgium, independence of, 912
Bellême, see Robert of Bellême
Benedict of Nursia establishes the
Benedictine rule, 40
Benedictines, monasteries of the, 128
Benevolences invented by Edward IV.,
335; abolished by Richard III., 342;
raised by James I., 497.
Bengal, Surajah Dowlah's overthrow
in, 762; Clive returns to, 801
Bensington, Mercian victory at, 53
Bentham, principles of, 890; spread of
the opinions of, 939
Bentinck, Lord George, nominal leader
of the Protectionists in the House of
Commons, 931; death of, 938
Berengaria marries Richard I., 161
Berlin decree, the, 859
Berlin, treaty of, 969
Bernard du Guesclin, see Du Guesclin
Bernicia, formation of the kingdom of,
36; is merged for a time in North-
humberland, 41 is untouched by
the preaching of Paulinus, 46; is
finally merged in North-humberland,
48; maintains its independence after
the Danish conquest, 59
Bertha obtains from thelberht a dis-
used church, 38
Berwick, Duke of, opposed to Galway
in Spain, 684
Berwick, Treaty of, 526
Bhonsla, the, a Mahratta chief, 802;
reduced to sign a subsidiary treaty,
859
Bible, the, Henry VIII. authorises the
translation of, 396
Bigod, Hugh, appointed justiciar by
the barons, 199
Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, resists
Edward I., 220
Bill of Rights, the, 656
Birmingham Political Union, the, 904;
riot at, 924
Bishops, nominated by congé d'élire,
391; first Bill for removing from the
House of Lords, 533; impeachment of
the twelve, 535; excluded from the
House of Lords, 536
Bishops' War, the first, 526; the second,
529
Black Death, the, 248, 259
Black Prince, the, fights at Crecy, 242;
ravages the south of France, and de-
feats the French at Poitiers, 251; his
courtesy to King John, 252; is sent to
Aquitaine, 254; his expedition into
Spain, 255; taxes Aquitaine, 256;
loses Aquitaine, 257; leads the Good
Parliament, and dies, 262
Blackwater, the, defeat of Bagenal on,
Blake, defends Taunton, 548; appointed
to command the fleet, 565; sent to the
Mediterranean, 571; destroys Spanish
ships at Santa Cruz, 573; death of,
ib.
Blanche Tache, ford of, 240
Blanketeers, the, march of, 877
Blenheim, battle of, 682
Bloody Assizes, the, 637
Blore Heath, battle of, 326
Boadicea, insurrection of, 15
Bocher, Joan, burnt, 419
Bohemia, outbreak of the Thirty Years'
War in, 490
Bohun, Humfrey, Earl of Hereford,
resists Edward I., 220
Boleyn, Anne, see Anne Boleyn
Bolingbroke, Viscount, carries the
Schism Act, 699; overpowered by the
Whigs, 700; escapes to France, and
becomes Secretary to the Pretender,
705 dismissed by the Pretender, ib. ;
returns to England, 721; organises
an opposition against Walpole, 722;
stirs up public opinion against the
Excise Bill, 724; returns to France,
ib.; see St. John, Henry
Bombay acquired by Charles II., 587;
made over by Charles II. to the East
India Company, 758
Bonaparte, Napoleon,
distinguishes
himself at the siege of Toulon, 826;
his campaign in Italy, 834: signs the
Peace of Campo-Formio, 837; his
expedition to Egypt, ib.; invades
Syria and returns to France, 838;
becomes First Consul, 839; makes
overtures to England, 840: wins the
battle of Marengo, and makes peace
with Austria at Lunéville, 840; con-
tinued annexations by, 848; becomes
Emperor of the French, 858; see
Napoleon I.
Boniface VIII., 220
Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Can.
terbury, 197
Bonner, Bishop, deprived of his see, 416
Booth, Sir George, defeated at Winning-
ton Bridge, 575
Bordeaux taken by the French, 320
Boroughbridge, defeat of Thomas of
Lancaster at, 228
Boston, soldiers killed at, 780; tea
thrown into the harbour of, ib.; opera-
tions of the British force at, 783;
evacuated by Howe, 784
Boston Port Act, the, 782
Bosworth, battle of, 343
Botany Bay, convict settlement at, 858
Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of,
career of, 439
Bothwell Bridge, defeat of the Covenan-
ters at, 620
Boulogne, taken by Henry VIII., 405;
surrendered by Warwick, 417; pre-
parations for the invasion of Eng-
land at, 848; French army at, 851
Bourbon, the Duke of, revolt of, 371;
death of, 374
Bouvines, battle of, 181
Boxley, destruction of the rood of, 398
Boyne, battle of, the, 656
Brabant, the Duke of, captures Jacque-
line of Hainault, 308
Braddock routed and killed, 748
Bradford-on-Avon, early stone church at,
Bramham Moor, defeat of Northumber-
land on, 296
Brandreth, murder by, 879
Breda, declaration of, 576; treaty of, 593
Breed's Hill taken by the Americans, 783
Brember hanged, 280
Brentford, Charles I. at, 537
Bretigni, Treaty of, 253
Bretwalda, title of, 44
Bridgenorth, Robert of Bellême's castle
at, 121; besieged by Henry I., 124
Bridges, making and repair of, 272, 273
Bridgman, Sir Orlando, declares that
the king's ministers are responsible, 581
Bridgwater taken by Fairfax, 549; Mon-
mouth at, 637
Bridgewater Canal, the, 813
Brigantes, the, conquest of, 16
Bright, John, a leader in the Anti-
Corn-Law League, 924; opposes a
war with China, 955
Brihtnoth slain at Maldon, 79
Brihuega, surrender of Stanhope at, 692
Brill seized by exiles from the Nether-
lands, 449
Brindley designs the Bridgewater
Canal, 814
Bristol garrisoned by Robert of Glou
cester, 134; stormed by Rupert, 538
Britain, its name derived from the
Britons, 6; tin trade opened to, 8;
Gauls and Belgians in, ib.; Cæsar's in-
vasion of, 11; trade of Gaul with, 12;
beginning of the Roman conquest of,
13-17 condition of the Roman pro-
vince of, 19-22; emperors specially
connected with, 22; Christianity in,
23; ravaged by the Picts and Scots, 23;
and by the Saxons, 24 military divi-
sions of, ib. ; end of the Roman govern.
ment of, 25, 26; is deserted by the
Romans, 26; its organisation after the
departure of the Romans, ib. ; the Eng.
lish conquest of, 27-29
British Columbia joins the Dominion of
Canada, 967
Britons, the, succeed the Goidels, 6; lan-
guages spoken by the descendants of,
7; habits of, 9; religion of, 10; intro-
duction of Roman manners amongst,
13; increased civilisation of, 21; non-
existence of a national feeling amongst,
22; ask Honorius in vain for help, 25;
the groans of the, 26; treatment of, by
the English conquerors, 29; are better
treated in the West, 31; slight modi
fication of English language by them,
31; see Kymry
Brittany, its relation with Henry II.,
155; Edward III. sends forces to, 240;
annexed to France, 349.
Broad-bottomed Administration,
739
Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, destroys
relics and images in Ireland, 402
Browne, Robert, founder of the Separat.
ists, 470
Brownists, see Separatists
Bruce, Edward, invades Ireland, 264
Bruce, Robert, claims the crown of Scot-
land, 215
Bruce, Robert, grandson of the preceding,
see Robert I.
Brunanburh, battle of, 63
Brut, Layamon's, 207
Brythons, see Britons
Bucer, Martin, teaches in England, 416
Buchan, Countess of, imprisoned, 224
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke
of, supports Richard III., 338, 341;
executed as a rebel, 342
Buckingham, George Villiers, First
Duke of, becomes Marquis of Bucking-
ham and Lord Admiral, 488; accom-
panies Charles to Madrid, 497; be-
comes Duke of Buckingham, and advo
cates war with Spain, 500; promises
money for foreign wars, 501; his
ascendency over Charles I., 502; tries
to pawn the crown jewels, 503; lends
ships to fight against Rochelle, 504;
impeachment of, 505; leads an expedi
tion to Ré, 506; feeling of Wentworth
towards, 508; murder of, 510
Buckingham, George Villiers, Second
Duke of, in favour with Charles II.,
599; his sham treaty with France,
603; dismissal of, 608
Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of,
execution of, 369
Buildings, improvement in, in Elizabeth's
time, 465
Bulgaria, becomes a tributary_princi-
pality, 969; annexation of Eastern
Roumelia to, 970
Bunker's Hill, 783
Bunyan writes Pilgrim's Progress, 596
Burdett, Sir Francis, advocates uni-
versal suffrage, 879
Burford, West Saxon victory at, 53
Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, as Sir
William Cecil becomes the chief adviser
|