Constantine, king of the Scots, allies himself with Eadward, 63 Constantine the Great becomes sole Emperor, 22; acknowledges Chris- tianity as the religion of the Empire, 23 Constantinople taken by the Turks, 366 Constantius, the Emperor, 22
Constitutions of Clarendon, 144; re- nounced by Henry II., 153 Continental system, the, 859; failure of, 868
Conventicle Act, the, 588
Convention Parliament, the first, 577; the second, 646; the dissolution of the second, 656
Convocation of the province of Canter- bury offers money for a pardon, 385; agrees to the submission of the clergy, 386
Convocations of the clergy vote money,
Conway, Edward I. builds a castle at,
Coote, Colonel (afterwards Sir Eyre),
wins a victory at Wandewash, 764; defeats Hyder Ali at Porto Novo, 805 Cope, Sir John, defeated at Preston Pans, 740
Copenhagen, battle of, 845; bombard- ment of, 860
Corinium (Cirencester), West Saxon conquest of, 35
Cornish, the, derivation of the old lan- guage of, 7; submit to Ecgberht, 55 Corn-law, the, passing of, 875; modifi- cation of, 926
Cornwall, insurrection in, 415 Cornwallis, Lord, drives Washington out of New Jersey, 784; defeats Yates at Camden, 788; routs Green at Guilford, 792; surrenders at York- town, 794; Governor-General of India, 811; defeats Tippoo, 837; Lord-Lieu- tenant of Ireland, 841
Corporation Act, the, 585; repeal of, 895 Corporations, remodelling of the, 625 Corunna, battle of, 864
Cotentin, the, sold to Henry, 119 Cotton-famine, the, 959
Cotton-spinning, improvements in, 815 Council of State, the, appointment of, 561
County courts derived from the shire- moots, 141
Courtenay, Bishop of London, supported by the citizens against Lancaster, 263 Covenant, the Scottish National, 525, see Solemn League and Covenant
Covenanters, the rise of, 619; insurrec- tion of, 620
Coverdale translates the New Testa- ment, 396
Cowper, Lord, becomes Chancellor, 68, Craggs, Postmaster-General, poisons himself, 712
Craggs, Secretary of State, death of, 712 Cranfield, see Middlesex, Earl of Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, pronounces Catharine's marriage to be null, 389; is forced to dismiss his wife, 400; composes the English litany, 409; character and position of, 413; wishes to preserve the revenue of the chantries for the poor clergy, 415; tries to find common ground with the Zwinglian reformers, 416; leaves his mark on the Prayer Book, 418: supports Lady Jane Grey, 420; burnt, 426
Crecy, battle of, 241, 242 Crêpy, peace of, 406
Cressingham, Sir Hugh, governs Scot- land in the name of Edward I., 219 Crimean War, the, origin of, 943; course of, 944-8
Crompton, invents the mule' for spin- ning, 815
Cromwell, Oliver, practical sagacity of, 539; introduces discipline in the Eastern Association, 540: defeats the royalists at Winceby, 542; fights at Marston Moor, 543; advocates tolera- tion, ib.; accuses Manchester, 544: becomes Lieutenant-General of the New Model Army, 545: cuts off the king's supplies, 547; wins the victory at Naseby, 548; reduces Winchester and Basing House, 549: proposes to leave England, 554; gives instructions to Cornet Joyce, 555: attempts to come to an understanding with Charles, ib.; puts down a mutiny in the army, 556; suppresses a rising in Wales and defeats the Scots at Preston, 557: sup- presses the Levellers, 562; his cam- paign in Ireland, ib.; his victory at Dunbar, 563; his victory at Worces ter, 564 dissolves the Long Parlia- ment, 566; opens the Barebone's Par- liament, 567; becomes Protector, 568; plots against, 569; ecclesiastical ar- rangements of, ib.; convenes and dis-
solves his first Parliament, 570: esta- blishes major-generals, ib. foreign policy of, 571; calls a second Parlia ment, 572; joins France against Spain, ib.; dissolves his second Parliament, 573; makes war against Spain, ib.; death of, 574
Cromwell, Richard, succeeds to the Protectorate, 574; abdicates, 575 Cromwell, Thomas, advises Henry VIII. to rely on the House of Commons, 385; becomes the king's secretary, and vicar- general, 393; attacks the monks of the Charterhouse, ib. ; inquires into the state of the monasteries, 394; attacks the greater monasteries, 397: execu- tion of, 401
Cropredy Bridge, battle of, 544 Crown, the, see King
Crown Point taken by Amherst, 753 Crusade, the first, 120; the second, 157; the third, 161; against the Albigeois, 193; the seventh, 204
Cuba, reduction of, 766 Cumberland, origin of the name of, 37;
annexed by William II., 119; left to David I., 133; regained by Henry II.,
Cumberland, Duke of, heads the British column at Fontenoy, 739; sent against the Young Pretender, 741; defeats him at Culloden, 742; his cruelty to the Highlanders, ib.; being defeated at Hastenbeck, signs the Convention of Closterseven, 752 Cunedda, extensive rule of, 37 Cunobelin, government of, 12 Curia Regis, the, organised under Henry I., 127; strengthened by Henry II., 141; powers assigned by the Con- stitutions of Clarendon to, 145; orders the appointment of recognitors, 147; divided into three courts, 212 Customs on imports and exports under Edward I., 211, 221
Cymbeline, original of Shakespeare's, 12 Cynric captures Sorbiodunum, 34 Cyprus ceded to England, 970
DALHOUSIE, Earl of, policy Governor-General of India, 950 Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of, as Sir T. Osborne, becomes Lord Treasurer, 607; policy of, 610; fails to pass a Non-resistance Bill, 611; promotes the marriage of William of Orange, 613; impeachment of, 616; imprisonment of, 617; liberated, 626; rises in support of William, 645; re- commends that the crown be given to Mary, 646
Danegeld, levy of, 81; abolition of, 143 Danelaw, the, formation of, 59
Danes, the, invade England, 58; make
peace with Elfred, 59; extent of the settlements of, 62; are amalgamated
with the English, 64; relations of Dunstan with, 67: reappear as in- vaders, 79; conquer England, 81-83; settle in Ireland, 152
Darc, Jeanne, delivers Orleans, 310; conducts Charles VII. to Rheims, 311; martyrdom of, 312
Darien expedition, the, 671 Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord, marries Mary, 438 murder of, 439
Darvel Gathern, burning of the wooden figure of, 398
Darwin, his Origin of Species, 940 David I., king of the Scots, invades England, 131
David II. (Bruce), king of Scotland, 232; takes refuge with Philip VI., 234: restoration of, 240; taken prisoner at Nevill's Cross, 242; restored by Ed- ward III., 252
David, brother of Llewelyn, executed,
David, Earl of Huntingdon, 215 David, St., piety of, 42
Davison sends the warrant for Mary's execution, 457: dismissal of, 458 De Grasse, Admiral, blockades York- town, 794; defeated by Rodney, 795 Declaration of Breda, see Breda, Decla- ration of
Declaration of Independence, the Ame- rican, 784
Declaration of Indulgence issued by Charles II., 604; withdrawn by Charles II., 606; issued by James II., 640; reissued, 642
Declaration of Rights, the, 647 Declaration of Sports, the, ordered to be read in churches, 517 Decorated style, the, 247
Defender of the Faith, title of, 379 Degsastan, Ethelfrith's victory at, 42 Deira, formation of the kingdom of, 36; is merged for a time in North-humber- land, 41; accepts Christianity, 46; is finally merged in North-humberland, 48; Danish kingdom of, 62, 63 Delhi, siege of, 953: recovery of, 954 Denain, battle of, 696
Deorham, battle of, 35
Derby, arrival of the Highlanders at,
Derby, Earl of (son of John of Gaunt), opposes Richard II., 279: defeats the Duke of Ireland, 280; becomes Duke of Hereford, and is banished, 283; suc- ceeds to the Duchy of Lancaster, 284; and forces Richard II. to abdicate, 285; see Henry IV.
Derby, Earl of, becomes Prime Minis ter, 938; resignation of, 939; Prime Minister for the second time, 956; Prime Minister for the third time, 961; resignation of, 962
Dermot invites Strongbow to Ireland, 152 Derwentwater, Earl of, beheaded, 705 Desmond, Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of, insurrection and death of, 453
Despensers, the, 228, 229
Deva, Roman colony of, 14, 19 Devizes, surrender of the castle of, 134 Devolution, the war of, 593 Devonshire, insurrection in, 415 Devonshire, Duke of, becomes First Lord of the Treasury in succession to Newcastle, 749.
Devonshire, William Cavendish, Earl of, rises in support of William of Orange, 645
Dewanni of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa granted to the East India Company,
Dialogus de Scaccario, 167
Dickens, his Pickwick Papers, 940 Digby, John, Lord, his mission to Ger-
Diocletian reorganises the Empire, 22 Dispensing power, the, claimed by Charles II., 604; acknowledged by the judges, 639
Disraeli, attacks Peel, 929, 930; the real leader of the Protectionists in the House of Commons, 931: becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer and gives his approbation to Free-trade, 938; resignation of, 939: is again Chan- cellor of the Exchequer, and brings in a Bill for Parliamentary reform, 956; the second Reform Bill, 961; becomes Prime Minister, 962; resigna- tion of, ib.; becomes Prime Minister a second time, 966; made Earl of Beaconsfield, 969; see Beaconsfield, Earl of
Dissenters the, origin of their name, 585; Charles II. issues a declaration for the toleration of, 587; Conventicle Act against, 588; Five Mile Act against, 590; favour of Charles II. to, 599: reception of the Declaration of Indulgence by, 640; Toleration Act passed in favour of, 651; attacked in the Sacheverell riots, 691; passing of the Occasional Conformity Act against, 695; the Schism Act passed against, 699 partial repeal of acts directed against, 710; repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts affecting, 895 Dissenting Brethren, the five, 543 Divine Right of Kings, doctrine of the, 619
Domesday Book, 111
Domestic life in Eadgar's time, 75
Domfront occupied by Henry, 119
Dominicans arrive in England, 191 Donald Bane made king of the Scots by
449; his voyage round the world, 450; (Sir Francis) singes the king of Spain's beard, 458; has a command against the Armada, 460; pursues the Armada, 462: sacks Corunna, and fails before Lisbon, 464; death of, ib.
Dramatic writers of the Restoration, 598
Dreux, battle of, 436
Drogheda, slaughter at, 562
Druids, character of the, 10; resist Suetonius, 14
Drumclog, skirmish at, 620
Drummond, Thomas, his career as Under-Secretary in Ireland, 916
Dublin, Danish settlement in, 152; at- tempt to seize, 533.
Du Châtel, Tannegui, murders the Duke of Burgundy, 305
Dudley, see Empson and Dudley Dudley, Lord Guilford, marries Lady Jane Grey, 420; executed, 423
Du Guesclin, Bernard, supports Henry of Trastamara, 255; his mode of fighting with the English, 256
Dunbar, Balliol defeated at, 219; battle of, 563
Duncan, Admiral, blockades the Dutch in the Texel, 836; defeats the Dutch at Camperdown, 837
Duncan II., king of the Scots, 120 Dundee, Viscount, John Graham of Claverhouse, gathers the Highland clans for James II., 652; killed at Killiecrankie, 6:3
Dunes, the, battle of, 573 Dunkirk, Cromwell wishes Spain to place in his hands, 571; taken from Spain by Cromwell's troops, 573; abandoned by Charles II., 587: France engages to destroy the fortifications of, 696; France regains the right of fortifying, 798
Dunkirk House, 587
Dunning carries a motion against the influence of the Crown, 789 Dunse Law, Scottish army on, 526 Dunstable, marriage of Catharine of Aragon annulled at, 389
Dunstan, character and work of, 65; banished by Eadwig, 67: becomes Eadgar's Minister, ib.; his attitude towards the monks, 68: supports Eadward's succession, 78; death of, 79 Dupleix, hostile to Le Bourdonnais, 760; his career in India, 761; returns to France, 762
Dupplin, Edward Balliol's victory at, 234 Durham, architecture of the choir and galilee of, 171
Durham, temporary suppression of the see of, 418; celebration of the mass in the cathedral of, 441
Durham, Earl of, his mission to Can-
Dutch Republic, the, foundation of, 449: abolition of the Stadholderate in, 565; war between the English Common-
wealth a.d, ib.; peace with, 569; first war between Charles II. and, 589: military weakness of, 591; treaty of Breda with, 593; takes part in the Triple Alliance, 599; combination of England and France against, 600; towns to be taken from, ib.; the second war between Charles II. and, 605; resists Louis XIV., ib.; animosity of Shaftesbury against, 606; peace made by England with, 608; makes peace with France at Nymwegen, 614; Marl- borough's relations with, 678; effect of the war of the Spanish Succession on, 697; resists the right of search, 792; makes peace with Great Britain, 798; receives the name of the Batavian Re- public, 835; its fleet defeated at Camperdown, 837
EADGAR, reign of, 67
Eadgar, king of the Scots, 121
Eadgar the Etheling, early years of, 90; chosen king, 98; is abandoned, 100 Eadgyth married to Eadward the Con- fessor, 87
Eadgyth married to Henry I., 122; is known as Matilda, 124 Eadmund Ironside, 83
Eadmund, king of East Anglia, killed by the Danes, 58
Eadmund, king of the English, 63 Eadred, king of the English, 64 Eadward the Confessor, his life in Normandy, 85; is chosen king, 86; his relations with Godwine, 87; makes William his heir, 88; dies, 91 Eadward the Elder, reign of, 62; his relations with the Scots, 63 Eadward the Etheling, death of, 90 Eadward the Martyr, 78
Eadwig, reign of, 64; his quarrel with the clergy, 65; his marriage and death, 67 Eadwine, king of North-humberland, greatness of, 43; marries Æthelburh, 44; is converted and slain, 46 Eadwine, son of Elfgar, becomes Earl of the Mercians, go; is present at Eadgar's election, 98; submits to William, 102; is murdered, 103 Eadwinesburh, see Edinburgh Ealdhelm as a builder and teacher, 51 Ealdormen, the, are the leaders of the English conquerors, 30; preside over the folk-moot, 33; growing power of, 73; their position under Æthelred the Unready, 79.
Ealdred, Archbishop of York, crowns William I., 100
Earl, title of, derivation of, 64 Earldoms under Cnut, 83; diminished
after the Norman Conquest, 105 Early English architecture, 171 East Anglia, fust settlement of, 28; growth of, 36; comparative weakness
of, 41; its relations with Ecgberht, 55; overrun by the Danes, 58 East India Company, the, charter granted to, 758 early acquisitions of, ib. receives the zemindary of the district round Calcutta, 764; receives the dewanni of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa, 851; North's Regulating Act organising the powers of, 802; bill directed by Fox and Burke against, 806; Pitt's restrictions on, 808; com- plete overthrow of the authority of,
East Saxons establish themselves to the north of the Thames, 28; capture London, 35; see Essex
Easter, dispute on the mode of keeping, 50 Eastern Association, the, formation of, 539; Cromwell's activity in, 540; Manchester in command of the army of, 542
Ebbsfleet, landing of the Jutes at, 27; landing of Augustine at, 39
Ecclesiastical Commission, the, esta- blished by James II., 639; abolition of, 644
Ecclesiastical courts, jurisdiction of, 106; conflict of Henry II. with, 142; attacks on, 385
Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, the, 937 Ecgberht, at the court of Charles the Great, 53; becomes king of the West Saxons, and over-lord of the other kingdoms, 55
Economical Reform, bill for, 789; pass- ing of a bill for, 795 Edgehill, battle of, 537
Edinburgh, Eadwine builds the castle of, 43: occupied by the Scots, 68; burnt by Hertford, 409; treaty of, 433; riot in St. Giles's in, 525; Montrose executed at, 563; surrenders to Crom- well, ib.: the Duke of Gordon holds out in the castle of, 652; the Young Pre- tender welcomed at, 740
Edmund Crouchback, second son of Henry III., named king of Sicily and Naples, 196; supposed primogeniture of, 286
Education in the time of Alfred, 61; in the time of Dunstan, 65; carried on at Oxford, 167, 207; public action of the Melbourne ministry in providing for, 920; Forster introduces a new system of, 963
Edward I., appeal of the Knights Bache- lors to, 199: taken prisoner at Lewes, 201; defeats Earl Simon at Evesham, 203; takes part in the seventh Crusade, 204; becomes king, 208; constitutional position of, 209; his dealings with Wales, 210; finance of, 211; judicial reforms and legislation of, 212; ar ranges for a personal union between England and Scotland, 214; erects the Eleanor crosses, 215; awards the Scot- tish crown to John Balliol, 216; his relations with Philip IV., 218; sum-
mons the Model Parliament, 218; his first conquest of Scotland, 219; grants the Confirmatio Cartarum, 220; his second conquest of Scotland, 221; in- corporates Scotland with England, 222; his third conquest of Scotland, and death, 224
Edward II., birth of, 210; succeeds to the crown, 224; marriage of, 225; re- sistance of the barons to, ib.; defeated at Bannockburn, 226; overthrows Lancaster and effects a constitutional settlement, 228; deposed and mur- dered, 229
Edward III., accession and marriage of, 231; does homage to Philip VI., 232; sets up Edward Balliol in Scotland and begins war with France, 234; allies himself with the Emperor and the cities of Flanders, 235; encourages trade, 236; is named Imperial Vicar, 237; claims the crown of France, 239; wins the battle of Sluys, ib.; marches through the north of France, 240; wins the battle of Crecy, 241, 242; takes Calais, 243; constitutional pro- gress under, ib.; restores David Bruce, 252; makes peace with France, 253; enters on a fresh war with France, 256
Edward IV., as Earl of March, takes part in the battle of Northampton, 326; wins the battle of Mortimer's Cross, and is acknowledged by the Londoners as king, 328; wins the battle of Tow- ton, and is crowned, 329; marries Elizabeth Woodville, and promotes her kindred, 331; allies himself with Burgundy, 332; loses and recovers the crown, 334; invents benevolences, 335; invades France, 336; puts Cla- rence to death, 336; death of, 337 Edward V. succeeds to the throne, 337; lodged in the Tower, 340; deposed, 341; murdered, 342
Edward, Prince of Wales, see Black Prince, the
Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI., birth of, 323; slain at Tewkes- bury, 334.
Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Richard III., death of, 342
Edward VI., birth of, 397: accession of, 412; precocity of, 419; death of,
Egypt, Bonaparte's expedition to, 837; the French compelled to evacuate, 844; Mehemet Ali's rule of, 884; sub- jected to the dual control of France and England, 970; England assumes a protectorate over, 971 Ejectors, Commission of, 569 Eldon, Lord, holds that meetings in support of Radical reform are treason- able, 880
Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Henry II., 137; imprisonment of, 155; takes part with John against Arthur, 174
Eleven Members, the, excluded from the House of Commons, 555.
Eliot, Sir John, attacks Buckingham, 504; compares Buckingham Sejanus, 505; his policy compared with that of Wentworth, 508; vindi- cates the privileges of the House, 512; imprisonment and death of, 514 Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., proposed marriage of the Dauphin to, 336; proposed marriage of Richard III. to, 342; marries Henry VII., 345 Elizabeth, daughter of James I., inten- tion of the Gunpowder plotters to crown, 483; married to the Elector Palatine, 488
Elizabeth, Queen, birth of, 392; her succession acknowledged, 411; sent to the Tower and afterwards removed to Woodstock and Hatfield, 423: acces- sion of, 428; character and policy of, ib.; modification of the title of, 429: plays off France and Spain against one another, 431; hesitates to assist the Scotch Protestants, 432; assists the Lords of the Congregation, 433; her ill-treatment of Catherine Grey, 435; contrasted with Mary, Queen of Scots, ib. hopes to recover Calais by assist- ing the Huguenots, 436; appoints com- missioners to examine the case against Mary, 440; detains Mary a prisoner, and suppresses a rising in the North, 441; excommunicated by Pius V., ib. negotiates a marriage with the Duke of Anjou, 443; her attitude to- wards the Puritans and towards Parlia- ment, 444: the Ridolfi plot against, 445 proposes to marry the Duke of Alençon, 446; intervenes in Scotland on behalf of James VI., 450: refuses to restore Drake's plunder, 451; her treatment of Ireland, 452: kisses the Duke of Alençon, 454; plot of Allen and Parsons to murder. ib.; Throg- morton's plot to murder, 456: Ba- bington's plot to murder, 457; hesitates to allow the execution of the Queen of Scots, ib. dismisses Davison, 458; her triumph at the defeat of the Armada, 462; allies herself with Henry IV., 464: shows favour to Essex, ib.; erects the Court of High Commission, 470; sends Essex to Ireland, 475; turns against Essex, 476; withdraws monopolies, 478: nature of the work of, 479; death of, 480 Elizabethan architecture, 465
« ПредыдущаяПродолжить » |