Изображения страниц
PDF
EPUB

INDEX

995

ELL

Ellenborough, Lord, sends Sir Charles
Napier to conquer Sindh, 950
Elmet conquered by Eadwine, 43
Emma marries Ethelred, 81,

Empire, the Western, revived by Charles
the Great, 55

Empson and Dudley, exactions of, 357;
execution of, 363

Encumbered Estates Act, the, 934
Engagement, the, between Charles I.
and the Scottish Commissioners, 556
England, early social and political insti-
tutions of, 29-32; contrasted with
Gaul, 37; commerce with Gaul re-
newed by, 38; Christianity introduced
into, 39: growing power of three
kingdoms in, 41; character of the later
conquests in, 44; political changes in,
45: spread of Christianity in, 49; in-
fluence of Church Councils on the
political unity of, 52; Ecgberht's over-
lordship in, 55; attacks of the North-
men and Danes on, 56; its condition
under Ælfred, 60; its relations with
Scotland, 63, 68; development of the
institutions of, 69; Danish conquest
of, 79-83; Norman conquest of, 96-103;
Norman constitution of, 113; civil war
in, 134; pacification of, 137; adminis
trative reforms of Henry II. in, 140;
made tributary to the Papacy, 180:
military reforms in, 154; effect of the
reign of Henry II. on, 158; constitu
tional result of the administration of
Hubert Walter in, 163; growth of
learning in, 167; growth of commerce
in, 168; architectural changes in, 170;
the Barons' Wars in, 200-203; archi-
tectural and literary growth in, 206,
207; complete national unity of, 208;
completion of the Parliamentary con
stitution of, 218, 220, 228, 243; relieved
of tribute to the Papacy, 258; social
and moral condition of, during the
Wars of the Roses, 330

England, the Church of, Wilfrid's in-
fluence on, 50; parochial organisation
of, ib.; its close connection with the
State, 52; councils of, ib.; organisation
of, after the Norman Conquest, 106 :
its relations with Stephen, 134; and
with Henry II., 149; result of the
Angevin reigns on, 166; Papal exac-
tions resisted by, 194; payments ex-
acted from, 197; temporary Parlia
mentary representation of the clergy
of, 219; taxation resisted by the clergy
of, 220; social condition of, 236; supports
Henry IV., 291; members of noble
families in the episcopate of, ib.;
procures a statute for burning here.
tics, 292; proposal to confiscate the
property of, 294: relations of Henry
VIII. with, 377; dealings of Henry
VIII. with, 386; the clergy acknow
ledge the king supreme head of, 386;
becomes more national, 391; Parlia
ment acknowledges the king to be

EXC

supreme head of, 393 Cranmer's
position in, 413; ecclesiastical changes
in, 414 issue of the first Prayer Book
of Edward VI. for, 415; Zwinglian
teaching in, 416; issue of the second
Prayer Book of Edward VI. for, 418;
reconciled to the see of Rome, 424:
Elizabeth's settlement of, 429; position
of, during Parker's archbishopric, 430;
Presbyterian movement in, 446; Pres-
byterianism adopted by the Assembly
of Divines for, 543; restoration of
episcopacy in, 583; proposal to esta
blish a modified episcopacy in, ib.;
promise of James II. to protect, 634
English, the, origin of the name of, 28;
nature of their conquest of Britain, 29;
village settlements of, ib.; division of
ranks among, ib.; effect of the con-
quest of Britain on the language of,
31; early political organisation of, ib.;
early judicial system of, 32; position
of, under William I., 104; support
William II., 115; support Henry I.,
124; cease to be distinguished from
Normans, 155; reappearance of their
language in literature, 207; predomi
nance of their language, 258
Eorls, distinguished from Ceorls, 29;
their relation to Gesiths, 30
Erse, a Goidelic language, 7
Eskimos, compared with paleolithic

men, 3

Essay on Woman, 770

Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of, suicide of,
625

Essex, Frances, Countess of, divorce and
remarriage of, 486

Essex, Robert Devereux, second Earl
of, joins in the capture of Cadiz, 464:
sent to Ireland, 475; placed in confine-
ment on his return, 476; insurrection
of, 477: trial and execution of, 478
Essex, Robert Devereux, third Earl of,
divorce of, 486; appointed general of
the Parliamentary army, 537; com.
mands at Edgehill, ib. ; takes Reading,
538; relieves Gloucester and commands
at the first battle of Newbury, 539;
escapes from Lostwithiel, 544; resigns,

545

Essex, Saxon settlement in, 28; is de
pendent on Kent, and accepts Chris-
tianity, 40; relapses into heathenism,
41; comparative weakness of, ib.
Eugene, Prince, fights in Italy, 680;
combines with Marlborough at Blen-
heim, 682; raises the siege of Turin,
684; attacks Toulon, 689: combines
with Marlborough at Malplaquet, 690;
recalled by the Archduke Charles,
695; defeated at Denain, 696
Eustace, Count of Boulogne, visits
Eadward the Confessor, 87
Eustace, son of Stephen, death of, 137
Evesham, battle of, 203

Exchequer, the, organised by Roger of
Salisbury, 127; disorganised under

[blocks in formation]

FACTORY ACT, the first, 911; extension
of the, 927

Factory system, the, 876
Faddiley, battle of, 35

re-

Fairfax, Ferdinando, second Lord,
defeated at Adwalton Moor, 538
Fairfax, Thomas, third Lord Fairfax,
as Sir Thomas Fairfax, is defeated at
Adwalton Moor, 538; wins a victory
at Nantwich, 542; appointed General
of the New Model army, 545;
lieves Taunton, 547; commands at
Naseby, 548; follows up his successes,
548, 549; reduces the king's army in
Cornwall, 550; proposed as
mander of the forces retained after
the disbandment of the army, 553;
as Lord Fairfax, puts down the rising
in Kent and takes Colchester, 557;
absents himself from the High Court
of Justice, 559; refuses to command
in the war against Charles II., 563;
joins Monk, 576

com-

Falaise, Treaty of, 154; abandoned by
Richard I., 159

Falkirk, Wallace defeated at, 222
Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount, one
of the leaders of the anti-Presbyterian
party in the Long Parliament, 533;
death of, 539

Family Compact, the, signature of, 725;

renewal of, 737; second renewal of, 766
Faukes de Breauté, banishment of, 187
Fawkes, Guy, takes part in the Gun-
powder Plot, 483

Felton, John, affixes the Pope's ex-
communication to the door of the
Bishop of London's house, 442
Felton, John, murders the Duke of
Buckingham, 510

Fenians, the, 962

Ferdinand I., Emperor, inherits the
German territories of Charles V., 426
Ferdinand II., Emperor, loses and re-
gains the crown of Bohemia, 490
Ferdinand V., king of Aragon, marries
Isabella of Castile, 349; Italian wars
of, 363; conquers Navarre, 364; death
of, 366

Ferdinand VII., king of Spain, restored
to power by a French army, 882

FOU

Ferdinand of Brunswick, Prince com-
mands in Hanover, 752; defeats the
French at Minden, 756

Ferry Bridge, skirmish at, 429
Feudal dues, bargain offered by James
I. for, 484; abolition of, 582
Feudality, early forms of, 81; after the
Norman Conquest, 104; organised by
William I., 113; Flambard's further
organisation of, 116; ideas of Edward
I. on, 214

Field of the Cloth of Gold, the, 369
Fielding, writes Tom Jones, 746
Fifth-Monarchy men, 567;
Cromwell, 569

Finchley, the march to, 740
Fire of London, the, 592

oppose

First of June, battle of the, 828
Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, opposes the
divorce of Henry VIII., 382; sent to
the Tower, 392; execution of, 394
Fitzgerald, Flogging, 840

Fitzmaurice, Sir James, lands in Ireland,

452

Fitz-Osbern, William, oppresses the
English, 102

Fitzwilliam, Earl, enters Pitt's cabinet,
828; his mission to Ireland, 832
Five Articles of Perth, the, 525
Five Boroughs, the, 62

Five Knights' case, the, 507

Five Members, the, 535; brought back
to Westminster, 536

Five Mile Act, the, 590

Flambard, Ranulf, tyranny of, 116; im-
prisonment of, 122; escapes, 124
Flamsteed, astronomer, 632
Flanders, commercial intercourse with,
211; Edward I. in, 221; alliance of
Edward III. with, 235; falls under
the control of France, 278
Fleetwood named General by the army,

575

Flemings emigrate to Wales, 128; in-
troduced as weavers by Edward III.,
236

Fleurus, Luxembourg's victory at, 657
Fleury, Cardinal, ministry of, 718
Flodden, battle of, 364

Florida, ceded by Spain to England,
766; restored to Spain, 798
Folk-moot, functions of the, 33
Fontenoy, battle of, 739
Forest, Friar, burnt, 398

Forests, the, fines for encroaching on,

523; the king's claims on, limited, 531
Forster, introduces a new system of
education, 964; introduces a bill for
the use of the ballot, 966; Irish policy
of, 971; resignation of, tb.

Fort Duquesne, built by the French,
748; taken by the British, 753
Fort St. George built,758

Fort William built by East India Com-
pany, 758

Fotheringhay, execution of Mary Stuart
at, 458

Fountains Abbey, 129

INDEX

997

FOX

Fox, Charles James, supports Parlia
mentary reform, 789; character of,
790; refuses to serve under Melbourne,
798; coalesces with North, 800; sup-
ports Pitt's motion on Parliamentary
reform, 801; brings forward an India
Bill, 806; his martyrs,' 808; his con-
duct in the debates on the Regency
Bill, 811; sympathises with the revo-
lutionists in France, 822; continues
in opposition, 828; excluded from
Pitt's second ministry, 848; Secretary
of State in the ministry of All the
Talents, 855: death of, ib.

Fox, Henry, becomes leader of the
House of Commons, 747 : resigns
office, 749; accepts a lucrative ap-
pointment, 751

Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester,
minister of Henry VII. and Henry
VIII., 363

France, social condition of, 235; miser-
able state of, 251, 252; friendship of
Richard II. with, 282; reign of Louis
XII. in, 363: attack of Henry VIII.
on, 364 in alliance with England,
366; invaded by Henry VIII., 37!;
peace with, 374; Mary at war with,
426; recovery of Calais by, 427; civil
wars in, 436-443; Philip II. supports
the League in, 464; allied with James
I., 501; Charles I. breaks with, 506;
Charles I. makes peace with, 514;
allied with Cromwell against Spain,
572; Danby's policy directed against,
610; war of William III. with, 657
peace made at Ryswick with, 667;
grand alliance formed against, 675: war
conducted by Marlborough against,
678; decline in the military power of,
682; peace made at Utrecht with, 696;
pacific policy of the Whigs towards,
707; recovery of military strength
by, 725 takes part in the war of the
Austrian succession, 733; peace of
Aix-la-Chapelle with, 743; her posses.
sions in North America, 747; embarks
on the Seven Years' War, 749; peace
with, 766; secretly assists the Ameri-
cans, 786; openly allies herself with
America, 787; her navy master of
the sea, 788; her fleet compels the
surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown,
794; makes peace with Great Britain,
798; commercial treaty with, 810;
antecedents of the revolution in,
820; calling of the States-General
in, 821; progress of the revolution
in, ib.; rise of a warlike feeling
in, 824 declares war against Austria
and Prussia, 824; establishment
of a republic in, 825; victorious
in the Austrian Netherlands, ib.; at
war with England and the Dutch
republic, 826; Reign of Terror in, ib. ;
end of the Reign of Terror in, ib. ;
makes peace with Prussia and Spain,
829; establishment of the Directory in,

FRE

830; Malmesbury sent to negotiate a
peace in, 834; establishment of the
Consulate in, 839; Treaty of Amiens
with, 846; renewed war with, 848;
establishment of the Empire in, 850;
restoration of Louis XVIII. in, 871;
restoration of Napoleon in, 874; second
restoration of Louis XVIII. in, 875:
establishment of Louis Philippe in,
893; supports Mehemet Ali, 922; the
entente cordiale with, 927; establish-
ment of the second Republic in, 934:
Louis Napoleon President of the Re-
public in, 955; commercial treaty with,
959; German invasion of, 964; third
Republic established in, ib.

Francis I., king of France, his rivalry
with Charles V., 366-369; meets
Henry VIII. on the Field of the Cloth
of Gold, 369; goes to war with Charles
V. about Milan, 371; captured at
Pavia, 372; liberated, 374

Francis II., king of France, married as
Dauphin to Mary Queen of Scots,
413; accession and death of, 433
Francis II., king of Hungary, after-
wards emperor, at war with France,
824

Francis of Assisi, St., 190

Francis, Philip, the probable author of
Junius, 775; his opposition to Hast-
ings, 803

Franciscans, the, constitution of, 190
arrive in England, 191
Frederick I., Barbarossa, Emperor, sup-
ports an anti-pope, 145
Frederick II., Emperor, excommunica-
tion of, 194; death of, 195
Frederick II., king of Prussia, claims
Silesia, 733; defeats the Austrians at
Mollwitz, 734; obtains the cession of
Silesia, 735 enters on the second
Silesian war, 737; fights in Saxony
and Bohemia, 752; defeats the French
at Rossbach and the Austrians at
Leuthen, ib.; fights at Zorndorf and
Hochkirch, 753: continues the struggle,
756; complains that England has
abandoned him, and makes peace at
Hubertsburg, 767

Frederick V., Elector Palatine, marries
Elizabeth, daughter of James I., 488;
elected King of Bohemia, 490; driven
out of Bohemia, ib.; diplomatic efforts
of James I., in favour of, 496; loses
the Palatinate, 497

;

Frederick, Prince of Wales, quarrels
with his father and puts himself at
the head of the opposition, 725
Free-trade, Adam Smith promulgates
the doctrine of, 810; Pitt's measures
in support of, ib.; steps taken by
Huskisson and Robinson in the direc-
tion of, 886

Freemen, gradual disappearance of, 69
French, the, Dukes of, 63; Hugh Capet
king of, So

French Revolution, the; see France

FRI

Friars, the, orders of, 190; arrive in
England, 191

Friedland, battle of, 858
Frith burnt, 90

Frobisher holds a command against the
Armada, 460

Fuentes d'Onoro, battle of, 869
Furniture, improvement of, in Eliza
bethan houses, 465

Fyrd, the, a general army of the villagers,
30; Elfred reforms, 60; comparative
disuse of, 69: retained after the Nor-
man Conquest, 106; see Assize of Arms

GAELIC a Goidelic language, 7
Gage, General, sent as Governor of
Massachusetts, 782; recalled, 784
Gainas, the, settlements of, 28
Gainsborough, origin of the name of, 28
Galway, County, Wentworth punishes
the jury of, 528

Galway, Earl of, occupies Madrid, 684:

retreats to Valencia, 685; defeated at
Almanza, 689; see Ruvigny, Marquis of
Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, sent to
Rome by Henry VIII., before he is
a bishop, 382; opposes far her in-
novations, 411; excluded from the
Council, 412; sent to the Tower, 414;
deprived of his see, 416; made Lord
Chancellor by Mary, 421

Garter, the order of the, institution of, 246
Gascoigne, Chief Justice, 299

Gates, General, defeated at Camden, 788
Gaul, trade of Britain with, 8, 12; per-

sistency of Roman civilisation in, 37;
renewal of trade with, 38

Gauls arrive in Britain, 8

Gaveston, Piers, favoured by Edward
II., 224; execution of, 226

General warrants declared illegal, 769,

[blocks in formation]

system at, 430

Gentry, the country, 633

of Calvin's

Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, marries the
Empress Matilda, 131; conquers Nor-
mandy, 136

Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, Justiciar, 163
Geoffrey, son of Henry II., marries the

heiress of Brittany, 155; dies, 156
George I. proclaimed king, 701; places
the Whigs in office, 702; effect of his
withdrawal from cabinet meetings,
704 becomes unpopular, 705; dis-
misses Townshend, 709; death of, 718
George II., accession of, 718; keeps
Walpole in power, 719; supports
Maria Theresa, 735; defeats the
French at Dettingen, 737; laments
the death of Henry Pelham, 746; in-
sis.s on the execution of Byng, 750;
death of, 764

George III., accession and aims of,
765; forces Pitt and Newcastle to
resign, 766 puts himself at the head
of the new Tory party, 767; his

GLA

method of governing, 768; his struggle
with Grenville, 770; dismisses Rock-
ingham, and places Chatham in office,
773; makes Lord North Prime Minis
ter, 776; has public opinion on his side
against the Americans, 777; resolves
to put down resistance in Boston, 780;
refuses to admit Chatham to office
except as North's subordinate, 787;
declares against dividing the empire,
787; attributes the dissipations of his
eldest son to Fox, 800; obtains the re-
jection of Fox's India Bill, 806; his
relations with Pitt, 808; mental de-
rangement of, 811; thanksgiving for
the recovery of, 812; attacked by a
mob, 830; protests against Catholic
emancipation, 833: refuses his con-
sent to Pitt's proposals on behalf of
the Irish Catholics, 842; short mental
derangement of, 843; abandons the
title of King of France, 846; insists
on the exclusion of Fox from Pitt's
second ministry, 848: expels from
office the ministry of All the Talents,
857; his remark on the bombardment
of Copenhagen, 862; becomes per-
manently insane, 868; death of, 880
George IV., accession of, 880; separated
from his wife, 881; his interview with
Goderich, 893; death of, 898

George, Prince of Wales (son of George
III.), dissipated life of, 800; bill for
conferring the regency on, 811; his
misconduct towards his father, 812;
becomes Regent, 868; becomes King,
880; see George IV.

George of Denmark, Prince, deserts
James II., 645

Geraldine rebellion, the, 402

Gerard murders William of Orange, 456
Gerard and Vowel's plot, 569
German confederation, the, 873
German empire, foundation of a new, 964
Germany, attempt of the Frankfurt
parliament to unite, 934: dissolution
of the Frankfurt parliament in, 936:
formation of a North German Confede-
ration in, 963; goes to war with France,
964

Gesiths, the, personal devotion of, 30;
their relation to the Ceorls, ib.; their
name changed to that of Thegns, 31
Gewissas, the, combine with Jutes, 28;
see West Saxons

Ghent, Jacob van Arteveldt at, 235;
Philip van Arteveldt at, 278; pacifica-
tion of, 450; peace of, 873

Gibraltar, surrenders to Sir G. Rooke,
682; assigned to England by the
Treaty of Utrecht, 696; siege of, by
the French and Spaniards, 798
Ginkell, General, commands in Ireland,
656

Giraldus Cambrensis, 167
'Give us our eleven days!' 744
Gladstone, as a minister under Peel,
926; becomes Chancellor of the

GLA

INDEX

Exchequer in the Aberdeen ministry,
943; opposes a war with China, 955:
Chancellor of the Exchequer in
Palmerston's second ministry, 956;
supports the commercial treaty with
France, 958; becomes Prime Minister,
962; disestablishes the Protestant

Church of Ireland, ib.; passes an
Irish Land Act, 963; abolishes pur-
chase in the army, 964; foreign policy
of the ministry of, 965; resignation of,
966; Prime Minister for the second
time, 970; resignation of, 972
Glamorgan, Edward Herbert, Marquis
of, his secret mission to Ireland, 549
Glanvile, Ranulf de, captures William
the Lion, 154; writes the first English
law-book, 167

Glasgow, the Assembly of, 526
Glastonbury, Dunstan, abbot of, 65;
proceedings of Dunstan at, 106
Glastonbury, the Abbot of, executed,

400

Glencoe, massacre of, 654

Glendower, Owen, heads the Welsh,
293; decline of the power of, 296
Glevum (Gloucester), Saxon conquest of,

35

Gloucester, Duke of (brother of Edward
IV.), see Richard III.

Gloucester, Duke of, Humphrey (brother
of Henry V.), appointed Protector,
307; marries Jacqueline of Hainault,
308; quarrels with Cardinal Beaufort,
309, 314; his relations with Eleanor
Cobham, 315; advocates a war policy,
317; death of, 318

Gloucester, Duke of (son of Queen
Anne), death of, 671

Gloucester, Duke of, Thomas, son of
Edward III., heads the opposition to
Richard II., 279; driven from power,
280; murdered, 282

Gloucester, Earl of (Gilbert de Clare),

allies himself with Earl Simon, 200;
becomes one of the three Electors, 201;
joins Edward against Simon at Eves-
ham, 203

Gloucester, Earl of, see Robert
Gloucester, Earl of (Richard de Clare),
quarrels with Earl Simon, 199; joins
Earl Simon, and dies, 200
Gloucester, raising of the siege of, 539
Gloucester, see Glevum

Goderich, Viscount, becomes Prime
Minister, 892; resignation of, 893; see
Robinson, Frederick J., and Ripon,
Earl of

Godfrey of Bouillon, 121

Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry, murder of,
615

'Godly party,' the, 544

Godolphin, Lord, connected with Marl-
borough, 677; his financial ability,
678; turns to the Whigs, 684; sup-
ports the Union with Scotland, 685
Godwine becomes Earl of the West
Saxons, 84; supports Harthacnut, 85;

GRE.

999

charged with the murder of Ælfred
86; governs under Eadward, 87; out
lawed, 88; return and death of, 89
Goidels, the, a branch of the Celts, 6;
languages spoken by the descendants
of, 7

Gondomar, Count of, negotiates a
Spanish alliance with James I., 488,

490

Good Parliament, the, 262
Gordon, General, murder of, 972
Gordon riots, the, 792

Goring, George Goring, Lord, defeated
at Langport, 548

Gough, General, defeats the Sikhs on the
Sutlej, 951; becomes Lord Gough, is
checked at Chillianwalla, and defeats
the Sikhs at Gujerat, ib.

Grafton, Duke of, First Lord of the
Treasury, 773; resignation of, 776
Graham of Claverhouse, John, attempts
to suppress the Covenanters, 620
Graham, Sir James, resigns office, 912;
a member of Peel's cabinet, 926
Grammar-schools, foundation of, 419
Granada, conquest of, 349

Grand Alliance, the, signed by William
III., 675

Grand Remonstrance, the, 534
Grattan leads the movement for the
legislative independence of Ireland,
795 resists the Union, 842
Graupian Hill, the, battle of, 17
Gray, his Elegy quoted by Wolfe, 755
Great Contract, the, 484

Great Council, the, composition of, 113;
urges William to name an archbishop,
117; summoned to Rockingham, 118;
becomes unimportant under Henry I.,
126; frequently consulted by Henry
II., 141; meets at Clarendon, 144;
remonstrates with Henry III., 188,
192; refuses money to Henry III.,
194; begins to be known as Parlia
ment, 195; meets at York, 529; see
Parliament

Great Mogul, the break-up of the empire
of, 758

Greece, national uprising in, 884; battle
of Navarino fought for the liberation
of, 893; acquires Thessaly, 970
Greenwich Hospital, foundation of, 663
Greenwood hanged, 472

Gregorian calendar, the, introduced into
England, 743

Gregory I., Pope, finds English slave-
boys at Rome, 28; sends Augustine to
England, 39

Gregory VII., Pope, his relations with
William I., 107

Gregory IX., Pope, demands money
from England, 194

Grenville, George, character of, 768;
becomes Prime Minister, 769; issues
a general warrant, ib.; offends George
III., 770; carries the Stamp Act, 771;
dismissal of, ib.; asserts that the
House of Commons has no right to

« ПредыдущаяПродолжить »