the influences which can be brought to bear against what he calls "apprehended dangers," he says: "There assembled, on the College grounds at Punahou, on the 4th of July, 1863, for a public dinner, some hundreds of persons who rejoiced in their American birth or descent. A large proportion of them were young people. As has been remarked elsewhere, the population, capital, industry, and the purely national feeling at the Islands-so far as it is not native-are chiefly of American origin. The life of the Hawaiian nation seems to rest, mainly, on this body. Yet the eral feeling, at the time of my visit, evidently was, that the late King, and the leading spirits of his government, were not in favor of it." gen That the missionaries, while gi ing "the Gospel" to the Islanders, have been disposed to keep "the civilization" of the Islands somewhat in their own hands, we have abundant evidence before us to prove. It is not strange that "the King, and the leading spirits of his government," are not in favor of such a money-making missionary policy; nor, that the confidence of the natives should be alienated by it. Neither has the practical working of the Mission been such as to indicate its disinterested spirit and design. Dr. Anderson tells us how the missionaries take up collections on the Sabbath. He says: "Just before the Sermon, two leading men took their seats at the table in front of the pulpit; the whole people having been divided into classes, * * * the presiding deacon called the names of the luna, (or leader,) when all of his division, who chose to contribute, came forward to the table, and laid down their money, while the other took note of the contributions, and the names of the donors." The natural influence of this, upon the shrewd natives, we learn from another source. A respectable gentleman thus de scribes it : "The plantation of Mr. A. is twelve miles or so from 66 Mr. A. says he never sees a minister of religion, except Mr. B., and that, only once in three months, on Dollar Sunday," as it is called, when he rides around, collecting from every male one dollar, and from every female, half a dollar, as the price of "the Sacrament." Mr. A. says Mr. B. adopts the jocular style, in the pulpit, on such occasions; as, "I hope Mr. Hardfist, Mr. Stingy, and others of the same kidney, are not among us to-day," &c., &c. * Anderson's Hawaiian Islands, p. 375. Ib. p. 153. Our objection to the Mission of the American Board is based upon broader ground. We say, distinctly, that it has not answered the end for which the Mission was or should have been planted; and that hence the English Church was bound to occupy a field so providentially and urgently urged upon her. attention. Dr. Anderson claims that the Mission has been a success. As this is his main plea, alike in his defense of the American Mission, and in his attack upon that of the English Church, he repeats the assertion again and again. He says: 66 "The Islands were converted to Christianity as early as the year 1848. The leading object of the Mission was then accomplished."* "The gospel has made them a Christian people." 'My late tour surpasses all the others, in the view it gives me of what God has wrought among the heathen through the Gospel of his Son." "I am sure that, considering the time, there is nothing like it in the Missions of this age, or of any other."‡ "The Christian world will have a new and striking proof, that the Missionary work at these Islands is no failure."§ We freely admit that the Mission has, in many respects, done a great and noble work. The testimony of Mr. Richard H. Dana, an American Churchman, and which Dr. Anderson quotes at length, proves that there has been progress, of a certain kind, among the Hawaiians, as a civilized and Christian nation. Yet the careful reader will notice, that on the real point at issue, the power and efficacy of the Gospel upon the heart and life of the Hawaiians,-Mr. Dana is singularly reticent. It is not a little singular, too, that Dr. Anderson should have ended his quotation from Mr. Dana just where he did; and should not also have cited his testimony to the success and influence of the Romish Mission at the Sandwich Islands. Possibly, the contrast which Mr. Dana draws between the policy and practical workings of the two Missions, will account for the omission. Most certainly, the Mission of the Board has not lacked the opportunity of success. It has been in the field for forty-four years. For many years it had the whole work in its own hands. It had divided the Islands into districts, and had schools, Dr. * Ib. p. 389. † Ib. p. 409. Ib. p. 410. § Ib. p. 416. Anderson tells us, 66 in every district of the Islands, numbering four hundred teachers, and twenty-five thousand pupils, who, at that time, were chiefly adults." (p. 66.) Kaahumanu, the wife of the Great Kamehameha I., and nine principal chiefs of the Islands, were already members of the "Church, in full communion." A school for the education of the young chiefs of the Islands, and conducted by the missionaries, was supported by the Hawaiian Government. In 1848, there were 336 Schools, and 16,153 pupils; besides free Schools of a higher order, with 234 pupils. The ablest and shrewdest of the missionaries, as Rev. William Richards, Rev. Richard Armstrong, D. D., and Dr. Gerritt P. Judd, withdrew from the missionary service, and became members of the King's Cabinet, and his confidential advisers. In 1844, Dr. Judd was Minister for the Interior, the Rev. William Richards, Privy Counsellor, and the Rev. Mr. Andrews, Supreme Judge. There have been forty clerical missionaries sent out from this country, six physicians, twenty laymen, as teachers, printers, &c., and eighty-three females; making, in all, a missionary force of one hundred and forty-nine persons. The whole Islands were divided into about twenty missionary districts, each in charge of a missionary. All this missionary force, too, be it remembered, has been expended upon a native population, now numbering only 67,084 persons, or less than the population of any single one of eleven American towns ! And Dr. Anderson says, that, "from the days of Kaahumanu, the great majority of the people would gladly have secured an admission to the church, if permitted to do so." No one, then, can complain, that the Mission has not had at its command every facility for usefulness that it could possibly have desired. What then have been the actual results of this Mission? We have seen the answer of Dr. Anderson to that question. We propose to compare that statement with the testimony of several witnesses, perfectly competent, and of undoubted credibility. And here, in this place, we state an important fact, bearing upon this whole subject in several ways. The reader can draw his own inferences. The "American Board," after having sent out one hundred and forty-nine missionaries to the Sandwich Islands, and expended a million of dollars, has determined now to withdraw from the Mission, and has already withdrawn from it! Dr. Anderson says, Dr. Anderson says, "the Mission, having accomplished, through the blessing of God, the work specially appropriate to it as a Mission, has been as such disbanded, and merged in the community."* The reasons alleged for such a singular step, occupy no small part of Dr. Anderson's remarkable volume. We beg to ask, does he suppose that common sense and ordinary discernment will not suggest, that, possibly, there may be other reasons for this withdrawal from the Mission? Does he not perceive, that an utter failure of the Mission to accomplish its appropriate ends, will be suspected as a possible cause? The Doctor, however, as we have already seen, is very emphatic in declaring what the Mission has accomplished; and to some testimony on that subject, we will now advert. accom And first, the Doctor himself, in his introductory address at the Convocation in Honolulu, just before he left the Islands, and where he was evidently disposed to talk plainly, said; "As to the national sin, [licentiousness] *** there has not yet been time to form a strong public sentiment, and create a sensitive conscience in respect to it, even in the Church." (p. 410.) What this means, in plain English, we need not say. Is this "missionary success ?" Has such a Mission 66 plished, through the blessing of God, the work specially appropriate to it as a Mission ?" The Doctor makes a statement in his volume, and afterwards repeats it, evidently laying great stress upon it. He says, "civilization does not precede the Gospel among a barbarous people, nor even keep pace with it in its early stages." (p. 230.) As the Doctor's language is greatly wanting in scholarly precision on such subjects, we are not sure that he has not here, in this single sentence, unconsciously disclosed the fundamental mistake of the whole Mission. If he means, that a sensuous emotionalism, or any possible degree of it, or pervading any number of people, is "the Gospel," or the work of the Holy Spirit, he is guilty of an VOL. XVII. * Anderson's Hawaiian Islands, p. 324. 6 error which has proved, first the apparent success, and then the weakness and ruin of several of the Sects. Between this sensuous emotionalism and true spiritual affection, there is not, necessarily, the slightest possible connection. This emotional_ ism, or religious instinct, (we do not mean the moral faculty,) is easily excited. It is a pleasurable emotion. It is a most powerful element. Among uneducated and half educated people, the instrumentalities for arousing it are coarse and degrading. The Methodists and Romanists have their hold upon this class, simply because they know how to address this element. We have seen a crowd of negroes at the South so frantic with religious excitement, as to present a spectacle horrible beyond description. They thought it was religion. Yet the negro preacher who, on that occasion, awoke that terrible tempest, was a great scoundrel, and had just been incarcerated for gross crime; and the negroes themselves, immediately after leaving that wild scene, were giggling with worldly mirth. So also, that great "Revival," which, several years ago, swept over Western New York, and left its track in spiritual barrenness, open infidelity, and moral death, was, at the time, gazetted as a genuine work of the Holy Ghost; and yet, it was afterwards described, by Dr. Lyman Beecher, in language which, if we were to use, would be branded by Dr. Anderson as blasphemy. Take the following facts at the Sandwich Islands as illustrations. In one of the Missionary districts, Dr. Anderson tells us, that one of the Missionaries "admitted to the church five thousand in one year, and as many as seventeen hundred in one day." In another district in Hawaii, Waimea, another missionary, Mr. Lyons, "in the first year of the great awakening, (1838,) admitted 2,600 persons to the Church, and nearly as many more in the following year." The whole number admitted was 7,267. Dr. Anderson tells us, that of these, 3,760 have died; and "1,752 are now in regular church standing." Yet the Doctor does not tell us what has become of the still larger number, 1,755, still unaccounted for, who have not died, and who are not in "regular church standing;" but he does tell us, that in respect to the sin of licentiousness, "there has |