APPENDIX

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III. and IV.

PON the defeat of Monmouth's rebellion, King James became intoxicated with his profperity. Inftead of difbanding his army he encamped it on Hounslow-heath, and resolved to make it the great inftrument of his power.

Barillon's dispatches are ftrewn thick with the expreffions of an arbitrary disposition, which flew from James when he felt himself no longer under any control.

The rebellion was no fooner begun than Barillon in his letter of the 25th of June 1685, informed his court of the ufe which James was to make of it. The words of the dispatch are: "It feems to me that the King of England is very glad to have a pretence for raifing troops, and he believes that the Duke of Monmouth's enterprise will serve only to make him still more mafter of his country."

On the 30th July 1685, Barillon writes thus to his court: "The King of England's fcheme is, to abolish the militia entirely, the ufeleffness and danger of which he found on this laft occafion, and if poffible to make the parliament apply the fund intended for the militia, to maintain the regular troops. All this entirely changes the state of this country, and puts the English in a different condition from what they have been in till now. They know it, and perceive very well that a King of a different religion from that of the country, and who is armed, will not eafily renounce thofe advantages which

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the defeat of the rebels, and the troops he has on foot, give him."

On the 6th of Aug. 1685, Barillon writes to his court thus: "The King of England told me, that let what would happen he would keep the troops on foot, even though the parliament should not give him any thing towards their maintenance. He knows very well the parliament will very unwillingly fee this establishment; but he wants to be fure of himself at home, and believes he cannot be fo without it."

On the 8th of July 1686, Barillon writes, "He careffes the officers much, and explains himself openly enough, that he will keep none but thofe on whom he may entirely depend.”

King James could not conceal 'even from the Prince of Orange the pleasure which he felt from the encampment of his army at Hounslow.

King James to the Prince of Orange.

Windfor, June 29.

ALL the troops I intended to have at Hounslow are now camped there, in the new camp I defigned they fhould be; they continue very healthy there, having been but four buried fince the firft campaign of the foot upon that heath. I was there yesterday and faw them for the first time in battalle altogether; they are all good men, and the horse and dragoons well mounted, and all very orderly. To-morrow the Queen's and my daughter are to dine with me at the camp."

On the 29th of October 1685, Barillon writes to his court: "He (James) added, that his defign was to make the parliament revoke the Teft Act, and the Habeas Corpus Act; one of which was the deftruction of the Catholic religion, and the other of the royal authority."

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On the roth December 1685, Barillon represents the fentiments both of Charles and James upon the habeas corpus act, that great charter of English liberty: "The deceafed King of England, and the prefent one, have often faid to me, that a government could not fubfift with fuch a law."

James had the idea of converting even his fleet into an inftrument of his power at home. Barillon writes thus to his court on the 19th December 1686: "The King of England continues to carry on the refitting of his fhips with diligence. There is no appearance that this is defigned for a foreign war; but he is perfuaded, that it is very neceffary for his interests to put the marine of England in a better ftate than it was, and that he fhall much fooner gain what he defires from his people, when they fee he has an army and fleet ready to make himself obeyed at home, and to prevent the factious from receiving any confiderable affiftance from abroad, if affairs fhould come to the point of an open rupture in England."

On the 29th July 1686, Barillon writes to his court, "The King of England openly fhews his joy at finding himself in a condition to ftrike bold and authoritative ftrokes. He receives with pleafure the compliments which are made him upon it. He has spoken much to me about it, and given me to understand that he will not relax."

Lord Rochefter faw too late the confequences of the doctrine of the King's independence upon parliament, with which he had flattered him in the first months of his reign; and wifhed, but in vain, to repair the mifchief. Barillon, on the 11th March 1686, relates a converfation between the King and Lord Rochefter on this head: Rochefter faid, "That he (i. e. Rochefter) always thought a King of England was much more confiderable, and much more happy, when he was upon a good footing

he could draw from them what fupplies he ftood in need. of." His Britannic Majefty answered, "That he was of opinion, the parliament of England would be more fubmiffive, and more difpofed to behave well, when they faw that, without their affiftance, so many matters of importance could be effectuated; and that his refolution was, not to reign precariously."

Barillon, in his letter of 29th November 1685, to his court, defcribes thus the external manner of James, when he prorogued his parliament. "This Prince gave his answer likewise with marks of haughtiness and anger upon his face, which made his fentiments fufficiently be known."

There is in King William's Cabinet, the following letter from the King to the Prince of Orange upon this prorogation.

James the Ild to the Prince of Orange.--Complains of parliament.

Whitehall, December 1, 1685.

"I HAVE had yours of the 4th, in which you write to me about your concerns of Orange. I had this day an account from Sir William Trumbull, that he had spoken to Monfieur de Croiffy about it, according to his orders, and I fhall by the next order him to infift, and prefs it ftill, and will also speak this night to Mr. Barillon about it, and will continue doing my part that you may have fatisfaction. I am as forry as you can be, that I was obliged to prorogue the parliament; I hope when they meet next, they will be in better temper, and confider the true intereft of the nation, and not be deceived by fome ill men who fill their ears with fears and jealoufies. As for news, Lord Brandon received his fentence VOL. II.

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on Saturday laft, and was to have been executed on Friday, but I have reprieved him, upon his having petitioned me for my mercy, and acknowledged his crimes."

The King's zeal for popery kept pace with his attempts to arbitrary power. Barillon writes to his court, on the 30th April 1685, that James had defired the Lords Sunderland, Godolphin, and Rochefter to attend him to the door of his chapel, where he was to go with his guards and officers of his court; that the two firft confented, but the laft refufed.

It is probable that Lord Sunderland, even from the beginning, adopted his master's fentiments in favour of poThere is in the Depot the following difpatch on this fubject, fo early as the month of July 1685.

pery.

Tranflation.

Extract of a dispatch from Monf. de Barillon to Louis the XIVth.-Lord Sunderland engaged thoroughly in the interefts of popery.

July 16, 1685.

LORD Sunderland has entered very far with me,

and appears to be informed to the bottom of what has paffed between the King of England and myself upon the fubject of the Catholic religion. This minifter said to me, I do not know if they fee things in France as they are here, but I defy those who see them near, not to know that the King, my mafter, has nothing fo much at heart, as to establish the Catholic religion; that he cannot, even according to good sense and right reafon, have any other end; that without it he will never be in fafety, and always expofed to the indifcreet zeal of thofe who will heat the

people