ter, by Jeffe Foot, Surgeon;' obferving, however, that Mr Foot's life of our great anatomist and furgeon is written with a a profeffed view to detract from his reputation.

In confequence of ill health, Mr Hunter retired from his brother's diffecting room, and, in May 1756, became the houfe furgeon to St George's hofpital, in which fituation he continued only five months. This was the commencement of his being a furgeon. John Hunter's education,' fays Mr Foot, feems to have been upon an inverted ratio to all other furgeons. He, to become a furgeon, ferved a long apprenticeship to anatomical purfuits, and only five months to furgical; while others, to become furgeons, ferve their apprenticefhips with furgeons; and, for a year or two, purfue their anatomical studies.-He, therefore, to lay a foundation for becoming a practical furgeon, obtained an appointment, I believe upon the staff in the army; and, in the year 1761, he was with the army that took Belleifle.'-In the fubfequent year, he accompanied the army to Portugal, and returned to England in May. This being at the clofe of the war, he took a house in Golden Square, and found himfelf, in point of fortune, better than nothing by his half-pay. Here he commenced his career as a London furgeon. In February 1767, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and, in December 1768, was chofen furgeon to St George's hofpital, on the decease of Mr Gataker. In 1770, he was appointed Surgeon extraordinary to his Majefty. In the year following, he married Mifs Home, daughter of Mr Home, furgeon, in Suffolk-ftreet, Charing-Crofs. In the autumn of 1773, he advertised a course of lectures, furgical, phyfiological, and anatomical, which were continued fome years with unequal fuccefs, at his houfe in Jermyn-street. In 1783, he took a house in Leicester Square, and there fitted up a spacious room for a Museum; another for a public Medical levee, on every Sunday evening; another for a Lyceum for medical difputation; another for his Courfe of Lectures; another for Diffection; another VOL. LVI.

for a printing-warehouse and a prefs; and another for vending his medical works. His museum was a valuable collection, of a rare and extensive nature. With refpect to its arrangement, it begins with the moft fimple or component parts of the human body, and of the fame parts of other animals, where they differ in ftructure; fuch as a muscle, bone, tendon, ligament, cartilage, &c. It goes on to the more compound parts; as the heart from the human fubject, and the heart from all those animals from which they could be procured; fhowing the different variations. The human ftomach and the ftomach of other animals, the inteftines, the liver, fpleen, kidney, &c. are fhown, in preparation, from the human fubject and a variety of other animals. The bones, too, of every animal that could be procured, are formed into skeletons. In the arrangement of undiffected animals, or parts of animals, Mr Hunter began with what he called the most fimple animal, a polype, or leach, for example, and going on to the more compound, ended with man. The deviations from nature called monsters, are in large numbers. There is alfo a collection of the remains of petrified animals; and, laftly, a good collection of calculi.

After the death of Mr Pott, in 1788, Mr Hunter acquired a confiderable de gree of employment as a furgeon; his confultations were more in fashion, and his range of practice more extenfive, than those of any other furgeon. In 1789, he fucceded Mr Adair in the office of Surgeon-general and infpector to the army. But he did not long enjoy the honours he had attained, and the emoluments he had acquired. On Wednefday, October 16, 1793, he died fuddenly in the board-room of St Geoge's hofpital, in the 64th year of his age, and was interred on Wednesday following, in the public vault belonging to St. Martin's in the Fields.

Mr Hunter's works were, I. The Natural Hiftory of the human Teeth. 4to. 1771.-11. A Practical Treatife on the Difeafes of the Teeth; intended as a Supplement to the Natural History. 4 X

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Shieks*, to read portions of the Koran, and to pray by the bed-fide. At the approach of death, the attendants turn the face of the fick perfon, who lies extended on his back, towards Mecca. The inftant he expires, the women who are in the chamber give the alarm, by fhrieking as if distracted; and are foon joined by all the females in the Harem. This conclamation is termed the Wulwaly. It is fo fhrill as to be heard, especially in the night, at a prodigious distance: and, in the time of the plague, is dreadfully alarming to the fick, as well as to those in health, whom it roufes from fleep. Some of the near female relations, when apprifed of what has happened, repair to the house, and the Wulwaly, which had paufed for fome time, is renewed upon the entrance of each vifitant into the Harem.

The corpfe is kept no longer than is neceffary to complete the preparations for its interment, which feldom require more than a few hours. The acquaintance, as well as kindred of the deceased, attend the funeral proceffion, which proceeds in the following order: A number of old Shicks, with tattered banners, and repeating inceffantly ullah, ullah, in a humming tone, walk first. Next comes the bier, furrounded by other Shieks, fome of whom, in a loud voice, chant certain verfes of the Koran. The bier is carried by porters employed on purpose, who are occafionally relieved by fuch perfons who think it meritorious to lend their affiftance. Immediately behind the bier, the male relations and acquaintance walk in ranks, and after them the women and female slaves, led by the chief mourner, who is by far the most interesting figure. She advances, fupported by two attendants, her hair dishevelled, and her veil flying loofely. She is bathed in tears, and, by ftarts, fends forth the moft difmal fhrieks, or, in an agony of unutterable grief, fob3 bitterly. Then, as if frantic, the tears her hair, and beats her naked bofom; or, with arms ftretched to their full length, clafping her hands

Schoolmafters, copyifts, or fcribes, and others attached to the fervice of the mosques.

together, and raising them aloft, she seems filently to tax Heaven with unkindness. Thefe acts of extravagance are sometimes, but not always, feigned. The transports of a mother following her only child to the grave, or of the widowed matron of a young family, carry expreffion that plainly fhows them to be not merely the feemings of forrow. Some of the other near relations, like the profeffed mourners hired to increase the pomp, think it decent to exhibit tokens of exceffive grief, but the rest of the women walk calmly along, only joining at intervals in a general Wulwaly. In this order the proceffion advances in a quick pace to the court-yard of fome neighbouring mofque, where, the bier being fet down, a funeral fervice is performed by the Iman; after which, it proceeds in the fame order as before to the burial. ground.

The near relations (the men firft, and afterwards the women) vifit the fepulchre on the third, the feventh, and the fortieth day after the interment. They celebrate alfo the anniversary. Solemn prayers are offered up at the tomb for the repose of the deceased, and victuals and money are diftributed to the poor: but the women vifit the graves on their ordinary garden days. They fet out, attended by a small train of females, early in the morning, carrying flowers and aromatic herbs to beftrew the tomb. The moment they arrive at the place, they give foose afresh to their forrows in loud fcreams, interrupted at intervals by the chief mourner, who, in a lower tone of voice, recalls the endearing circumstances of past times, or, in a tender apoftrophe to the deceased; appeals to the pains the inceffantly employed to render his life happy. She defcribes the forlorn condition of his family, now he is gone, and mingles fond reproach with profeffions of unalterable affection. The ftillnefs of the morning is favourable to the Wulwaly: the furrounding tombs, the attitudes and action of the mourners, all confpire to interest a fpectator, who, at the time, does not confider that the whole fcene is often little more than a mere external show. The men, as already remarked, strong4 X 2 ly

ly exprefs their disapprobation of these wild demonftrations of forrow, regarding them, in fome degree, as impious; for, on the death of relations, as under all other misfortunes, they themselves af fume the appearance of humble refignation to the decrees of Providence. They rarely visit the tombs on extraordinary days, and then do no more than fit penfively filent, or breathe a fhort ejaculation. Yet fometimes, in croffing the bu

DESCRIPTION OF THE THE King of Denmark is an abfolute prince, and, confequently, his preroga tive is unbounded. He is pleafed, however, to act by the laws framed by his ancestors, or by himself and counsel, tho' he has the power of altering or repealing them as he thinks fit. He is the guardian of all the noble orphans, and none can fell or alienate their lands without leave of the crown, the King being entitled to a third part of the purchasemoney upon every fale. He has, how. ever, few enfigns of majesty, except fuch as are military, as horfe and foot guards, yeomen, and the found of drums and trumpets; for the badges of peace, as heralds, maces, the chancellor's purfe, and the fword of ftate, are here unknown. The officers of the household are the marshal, who regulates the affairs of the family, and gives notice when dinner or fupper is ready to be served; the comptroller of the kitchen, who places the dishes of meat on the table; and the master of the horse, who looks after the king's stables and studs of mares. The King fits down to dinner with his Queen, children, relations, and general officers of the army, till the round table be fil led; the court marshal inviting sometimes one, and fometimes another, to eat with

rial-grounds about fun-fet, a difconfolate father is feen fitting folitary by the recent grave of an only fon; where, bending under years and affliction, his eyes railed in filent adoration, while tears fall falt on his blenched and neglected beard, he gives way to the forbidden emotiods of grief, and fits an affecting object to the eye of fympathy.

Ruffel's Hiftory of Aleppo.

COURT OF DENMARK. his majesty, till all have taken their turns in that honour. A page in livery says grace before and after meat; for no chap lain appears here but in the pulpit. The attendants are one or two gentlemen, and the reft livery-fervants. The kettle-drums and trumpets, which are ranged before the palace, proclaim aloud the very minute when his majefty fits down to table; but the ceremony of the knee is not used to the King. Every winter, the fnow it no fooner firm enough to bear, than the Danes take great delight in going fledges, the King and court giving the example, and making several tours about the capital in great pomp, attended by kettle-drums and trumpets; their fledges are drawn by horfes adorned with rich trappings, and the harness full of small bells. After the court has thus opened the way, the burghers and others ride about the streets all night, wrapped in their gowns, with each his female in the fledge with him. His Danish majesty's titles, at full length, are, Chriftias VII. by the grace of God, King of Den mark and Norway, and of the Goths and Vandals; Duke of Slefwic, Holftein Storman, and Ditmarsch.'

Payne's Epitome of Hiftory.