farewells! and with a sigh such as the caves of hell sighed when the incestuous mother uttered the abhorred name of Death, the sound was reverberated-everlasting farewells! and again and yet again reverberated-everlasting farewells! And I awoke in struggles, and cried aloud, "I will sleep no more!"—De Quincey.

CICERO, Somnium Scipionis, § 1, sqq.

VIRGIL, En. v. 580-595; vi. 364, sqq.; ii. 622, sqq.; vii. 50, 897%. ; xii. 328, 8qq. LIVY, i. c. 29.

FALSIFICATION IN ART NECESSARY FOR THE SAKE

NOT

OF EFFECT.

OT all that is optically possible to be seen is to be shown in every picture. The eye delightedly dwells upon the brilliant individualities in a Marriage at Cana by Veronese or Titian, to the very texture and colour of the wedding garments, the rings glittering upon the bride's fingers, the metal and fashion of the wine-pots; for at such seasons there is leisure and luxury to be curious. But in a "Day of Judgment," or in a "Day of lesser horrors yet divine," as at the impious Feast of Belshazzar, the eye should see as the actual eye of an agent or patient in the immediate scene would see, only in masses and indistinction. Not only the female attire and jewelry exposed to the critical eye of fashion, as minutely as the dresses in a lady's magazine, in the criticised picture, but perhaps the curiosities of anatomical science, and studied diversities of posture in the fallen angels and sinners of Michael Angelo, have no business in their great subjects. There was no leisure for them. By a wise falsification, the great masters of painting got at their true conclusions: by not showing the actual appearances, that is, all that was to be seen at any given moment by an indifferent eye, but only what the eye might be supposed to see in the doing or suffering of some portentious action. Suppose the moment of the swallowing up of Pompeii. There they were to be

seen-houses, columns, architectural proportions, differences of public and private buildings, men and women at their standing occupations, the diversified thousand postures, attitudes, dresses, in some confusion truly, but physically they were visible. But what eye saw them at that eclipsing moment which reduces confusion to a kind of unity, and when the senses are upturned from their proprieties, when sight and hearing are a feeling only? A thousand years have passed, and we are at leisure to contemplate the weaver fixed standing at his shuttle, the baker at his oven, and to turn over with antiquarian coolness the pots and pans of Pompeii.

CICERO, Academ. lib. iv. § 20.

THE FAUN OF PRAXITELES.

HE faun is the marble image of a young man, leaning his right

THE

arm on the trunk or stump of a tree; one hand hangs carelessly by his side; in the other he holds the fragment of a pipe, or some such sylvan instrument of music. His only garment-a lion's skin with the claws upon his shoulder-falls half-way down his back, leaving the limbs and entire front of the figure nude. The form thus displayed is marvellously graceful, but has a fuller and more rounded outline, more flesh and less of heroic muscle than the old sculptors were wont to assign to their types of masculine beauty. The character of the face corresponds with the figure: it is most agreeable in outline and feature, but rounded and somewhat voluptuously developed, especially about the throat and chin; the nose is almost straight, but very slightly curves inward, thereby acquiring an indescribable charm of geniality and humour. The mouth, with its full yet delicate lips, seems so nearly to smile outright that it calls forth a responsive smile. The whole statue, unlike anything else that was ever wrought in that severe material of marble, conveys the idea of an amiable and sensual creature, easy, mirthful,

apt for jollity, yet not incapable of being touched by pathos. It is impossible to gaze long at this stone image without conceiving a kindly sentiment towards it, as if its substance were warm to the touch, and imbued with actual life.-Hawthorne.

PLINY, Epist. iii. 6.

WILD AND MELANCHOLY CHARACTER OF SOUTH
ITALIAN SCENERY.

WE

E are accustomed to hear the South of Italy spoken of as a very beautiful country. Its mountain forms are graceful above others, its sea bays exquisite in outline and hue; but it is only beautiful in superficial aspect in closer detail it is wild and melancholy. Its forests are sombre-leaved, labyrinth-stemmed; the olive, laurel, and ilex are alike in that strange, feverish twisting of their branches, as if in spasms of half-human pain, Avernus forests. One fears to break their boughs, lest they should cry to us from the rents. The rocks they shade are of ashes of thrice-molten lava, iron sponge, whose every pore has been filled with fire. Silent villages,

earthquake-shaken, without commerce, without industry, without knowledge, without hope, gleam in white ruin from hill-side to hillside; far-winding wrecks of immemorial walls surround the dust of cities long forsaken; the mountain streams moan through the cold arches of their foundations, green with weed, and rage over the heaps of their fallen towers.-Ruskin.

SENECA, Nat. Quæst. iii. c. 16-29; vi. c. 9 28, 29.
VIRGIL, En. iii. 19, sqq. OVID, Metam. viii. 741, sqq.

INDEX.

PAGE

ABOUT ten miles from Ariminum.

About thirty-two years before that event, the Emperor
According to some speculators, those seas

A celebrated ancient orator, of whose poems
A character so exalted, so strenuous

Afric is indeed a country of wonderful fertility
Against all these accomplishments of a finished orator
Agrigentum excels all other cities

All composure of mind was now for ever fled
All this in effect, I think, but I am not sure
All this is true. A number of nations

Almost all poets, except those who were not able to eat.
A long conference ensued, from which the Spanish general.
A man of moderate desires hath infinitely fewer wants
A miserable village still preserves the name of Salona
A modern tyrant, who should find no resistance
Ancient lawgivers studied the nature of man
And now, gentlemen, on this serious day, when I come
And now, having done my duty to the bill
And now, my lords, in what a situation are we all placed
Another virtue of an heroic poem

30

65

322

276

138

105

132

92

71

196

117

275

66

269

95

114

289

202

227

154

309

As soon as the approach of the troops was announced

At sight of his father's furious and unrelenting countenance
At such times, society, distracted by the conflict
At times, even in this hopeless situation
At the hour of midnight the impetuous multitude

At the sight of his father's spirit, Hamlet was struck
At the sight of the enemy those who had not already passed
Augustus pointed to the sacrifice he had made .

A wise man places his happiness as little as possible.
A year had hardly elapsed when arrangements were made

BANNER at length terminated his career at Halberstadt
Before the sweeping pursuit of his Numidians

PAGE

347

30

91

78

89

129

56

But all feeling or remembrance of this loss and danger

39

But all these things are inconsiderable.

232

But as the Stoics exalted human nature too high
But flushed with victory, impatient for the slaughter.
But further, Hamilcar was not only a military chief
But if he was a bountiful master

261

14

83

126

But if I profess all this impolitic stubbornness
But if there are yet existing any people like me
But if they will still be meddling with atoms
But if we lift our eyes and minds towards heaven
But in opposition to them, Bonnivet, whose destiny
But nothing could reconcile the haughty spirit
But since civilization has connected all the nations.
But the Americans must now be heard.

But the garrison, fearing that they should not be able
But there must still be a large number of the people .
But the tears that were shed for Pompey .

3

197

144

But they tell us that those fellow-citizens

198

But under the English government all this order is reversed
But while Cicero stands justly charged

But while we thus control even our feelings by our duty

168

But who gave Robespierre the power of being a tyrant

ELATE with their own escape, they deemed themselves
England, as you know, is governed by Pitt