On obligation of treaties, 6.
On Senate discretion in treaty-
making, 252.
Jefferson, Thomas:

Attitude toward neutrality proc-
lamation, 268.

Initiation of Tripolitan war, 297.
On effect of general reprisals,
291.

On grades of diplomatic officers,
324.

On nature of foreign relations
power, 137, 138.

On President's foreign relations
powers, 22, 28, 36, 38.

On Treaty-making power, 102,
123.

On Tripolitan war, 286.
Johnson, Andrew, President, procla-
mation of termination of Civil
War, 291.

Jones merchant marine act, 258, 281,
345.

Judge in own case, 112, 209–210.
Judgments, execution of foreign, 189.
Judges, law-making power of, 63.
Judiciary. (See Courts.)
Judiciary, federal, privileges and im-
munities of, 97. (See also Federal
courts.)

Jurisdiction:

Armed forces to respect foreign,
168.

International law applied in cases

regarding limits of, 172.
Of federal courts. (See Fed-
eral courts, jurisdiction.)
Justiciable questions, 211, 212.
Justinian Digest, on making of con-
tracts, 41.

war, 292.

La Abra and Wyle claims, 223.
La Follette Seaman's act, 84, 258, 345.
Land Warfare, rules of, 168.
Lansdowne, Lord, British foreign
minister, on Senate amendment to
treaty, 45.

Lansing, Robert, Secretary of State:
On Appam case, 342.

On arming of merchant vessels,
295.

On diplomatic communications
to the people, 29.

On international responsibilities

of representative organ, 19, 24.
On Lansing-Ishii agreement, 243.
Lansing-Ishii agreement. (See Ex-
ecutive agreements.)

Latin-American states, attitude to-
ward diplomatic protection of citi-
zens, 16.

Law, relation to understandings, 7, 8.
(See also Acts of Congress, Con-
stitution, International law.)
League of Nations:

Appointment of representatives
in, 333.

Arbitration under, 113, 210, 223.
Article 10, 60, 61, 114, 214, 241.
Conciliation by, 219.

Domestic affairs under, 263.
Exercises no legislative power,
114.

Guarantees under, 115.

Justiciable questions under, 212,
214.

Limitation of Armament by, 114.
Mandates under, 114.
Nature of delegates to, 320.
Permanent International Court
of. (See Permanent court.)
Powers of, 113.

Powers of Council, 60.
Representation of British domin-
ions in, 16.

Respect for earlier treaties, 166.
Settlement of disputes by, 114.

Treaties to be concluded under,
228.

Unanimity required, 113. (See
also Reservations to Treaty of
Versailles, Versailles treaty.)
Lee, Attorney-General:

On duty of diplomatic officers to
communicate with executive
only, 29.

On foreign relations power of
Secretary of State, 22.
Legal obligations. (See Obliga-
tions.)

Legislation. (See Acts of Congress,

State statutes, Congress.)
Legislative acts, do not affect inter-

national responsibilities, 17.
Legislative omissions, do not affect
international responsibilities, 17.
Legislative power, delegation of.
(See Constitution of United
States.)

Legislature, difficulty of exercising

foreign relations power, 7.
Lenin, defacto head of Russian gov-
ernment, non-recognition of, 20.
Letters of marque. (See Repristas.)
Letters rogatory. (See Rogatory.)
Liability, synonymous with responsi-
bility, 213, 214.

Libels against foreign states, not
punishable by federal statute, 187,
188.

License to trade, 240.

Lincoln, Abraham, President:

Blockade proclamation by, 38.
Extradition of Arguelles, 190,
195, 237.

Recognition of civil war, 288.
Refusal to carry out congres-
sional resolution on foreign af-
fairs, 281.

Refusal to denounce treaty, 258.
Repudiation of armistice made

by General Sherman, 44, 240.
Use of force to suppress rebel-

lion, 193.
Lippmann, Walter, on control of for-
eign relations, 5, 365.
Liquor trade punished, 184. (See
also Constitutional provisions.)

Marcy, William, Secretary of State:
On constitutionality of treaties,
81.

On Greytown incident, 306.
Maritime law, power of federal
courts to enforce, 200.
Marshall, John:

On confiscation of enemy prop-
erty, 300.

On power to annex territory, 275.
On self-executing treaties, 207.
On extradition power of Presi-
dent, 194.

On interpretation according to
international law, 165.

On representative powers of
President, 21.

On resultant powers of national

government, 133.

Mason and Slidell, unofficial recep-
tion in England, 35.

Maximilian government in Mexico,
Congressional resolution on, 33,

280.

Meade's claim, 82.

Mediation, power to President to ac-
cept offer of, 219.

Medley, D. J., on beginning of cabi-
net responsibility in England, 144.
Metzger case, 27, 41.

Mexico:

Boundary marauders. (See Ex-

ecutive agreements.)

Mobilization of troops on

border, 296. (See also Trea-
ties.)

Migratory birds. (See Acts of Con-
gress, Treaties.)

Militia:

Power of President to call forth,

192, 193.

Use of, in Civil War, 193.

Miller, Justice, on power of Con-
gress to enforce treaties, 186.
Miller, David Hunter:

On unitary responsibility of
British Empire under League
of Nations, 16.

On reservations to treaty, 48.
Military agreements, power of Presi-
dent to make, 240. (See also Ex-
ecutive agreements.)

Miltary commissions, jurisdiction of,
168.

tion" of the Constitution, 162.
On arbitration treaties, 112.
On congressional delegation of
power to make international
agreements, 374.

On constitutional understandings,
375.

On declaration of war, 286.

On Greytown incident, 306.

On method of settling interna-
tional claims, 244.

On power of recognition, 270.
On treaty-making power, 102.
Moral obligations. (See Obliga-
tions.)

Morgan, Senator from Alabama, on
Cuban intervention resolution, 271.
Morris, Gouverneur :

Conception of Presidency, 145.
On power of Congress to admit
new states, 276.

On treaty making, 246.
Most-favored-nation clause, 32. (See
also Treaties.)
Municipal law:

Can not alter international re-
sponsibilities, 16.

International law applied as part
of, 158, 171, 221, 222.

Power to make international
agreements, 233.

Power to meet international re-
sponsibilities, 154.
Responsibility of, for violations
of international law within the
states, 206. (See also Consti-
tution of United States.)
National honor, questions involving,
non-justiciable, 211.

National obligations. (See Obliga-
tions.)

Natural rights, 80.

Navassa island, status of, 173.

Naval officers, appointment of, 297,
320-321.

Naval warfare, rules of, 168.
Navigation rules, offenses against,
punished, 181.

Navy:

Use of, for intimidation, 294.
Use of, as marition police, 296.

Necessity:

Military, justifies capture of

enemy property, 299.

Use of self help in, 296.
Negotiation of treaties. (See Trea-
ties.)

Negotiations, conduct of, 219.
Nelidow, President of Second Hague
Conference, on nature of delegates
to international conferences, 320.
Neutrality:

Enforcement by executive, 196.
Enforcement by federal courts,

200.

International law applied in
cases affecting, 172.

Offenses against, punished, 179,
181.

Panama Canal Zone, 239.
President's proclamation of, con-
clusive, 39.

Proclamation by President, 268.
Proclamation, effect of, 199, 200.
Non-intercourse, power to authorize,
301. (See also Embargo.)
Non-justiciable question, definition
of, 211.

North Atlantic fisheries arbitration,

on sovereignty, 215.

North Atlantic fisheries case, 109.

Power to interpret, 215.

Power to perform, 225.

Presumed to be moral, 211.
Presumed to be non-justici-
able, 211.

Responsibility for perform-
ance of, 205.

Occupation of foreign territory, 296.
Office under United States, incom-
patibilities of, 316.

Oil investments, diplomatic discus-
sion regarding, 301.

Olney, Richard, Secretary of State:
Interpretation of Monroe Doc-
trine, 39.

On obligation to indemnify in-
jured aliens, 225.

Opium trade, 303. (See also Trea-
ties.)

Oppenheim, L., on representative
organ, 20.

Panama Canal tolls act, 32, 163.

Controversies concerning, 60, 163,

165.

Panama Canal Zone, executive agree-
ment regarding, 238, 239.

Panama Congress, appointment of
delegates to, 279, 327.

Pan-American Union, participation
in, by United States, 334.
Passport regulations, 277.

Patent agreements. (See Acts of
Congress.)

Pennsylvania, Attorney-General of,
on letters rogatory, 189.

Permanent Court of International
Justice:

Compulsory jurisdiction on pro-
tocol, 224.

Establishment of, 224.

Jurisdiction of, 113, 223, 224.
Justiciable questions, 212.

Perry, Matthew C., Commodore,
opening of Japan, 297.

Pershing, John, General, punitive ex-
pedition to Mexico, 296.

Pierce, Franklin, President, on Grey-
town incident 306.

Pillet, on observance of international
law, 358, 359.

Pine Island controversy, 173, 343.
Pious Fund and case, 65, 108.
Piracy, 180, 184.

Defined by international law, 201.
Suppression of, 296, 299.
Phillimore, Sir Robert, on duty of
belligerents to establish prize
courts, 15.

Philippines, independence of, 253.
Police power, exercise of, by United
States in Panama, 218.

Policy:

Power to decide on, not affected
by constitutional guarantees,
82.

Power to decide on, not affected
by states' rights, 93.

Power to decide on, not limited

by separation of powers, 120.
Pronouncements on, by Presi-
dent, subject to international
cognizance, 39.