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Not considered by courts, 83,
172, 267, 343.

Termination of treaty, 257.
Polk, James K., President:

Initiation of Mexican war, 297.
On effect of executive interpre-
tation of treaty, 217.
On Mexican war, 287.
Pomeroy, J. N.:

On repelling invasion, 308.

On war powers of President, 285.
Porto Ricans, naturalization of, 277.
Postal agreements. (See Acts of

Congress, Executive agreements.)
Prescriptive bays, recognition of, 274.
Presidency:

Analogy to British Crown, 145.
Conception of, in Federal Con-

vention, 145.

Development of administrative
powers of, 146.
President of United States:

Agreement to urge foreign claims

upon Congress, 244.

Bound by act of Congress and
treaty, 341.

Can not acquire territory by con-
quest, 276.

Can not authorize reprisals, 298.
Can not be deprived of power

by treaty, 119.

Can not confiscate enemy prop-
erty on land, 299.

Can not determine obligations
within power of Congress, 216.
Can not establish prize courts,
221, 321.

Capacity to start war, 285.
Classification of powers, 235.
Communications to Congress
subject to international cogni-
zance, 35.

Conclusiveness of acts and utter-
ances of, under international
law, 38, 58, 59.

Concurrent powers with Con-
gress, 340, 341.

Concurrent powers with federal
courts, 342, 343.

Constitutional basis of represent-
ative powers, 23.
Constitutional powers of, 96.
Dominance in conduct of foregn
relations, 137, 336, 360.
Duty of Congress to carry out
political undertakings of, 349.
Duty of courts to follow politi-
cal decisions of, 348.
Duty of treaty-making power to
carry out political undertak-
ings of, 349.

Duty to enforce treaties, 352.
Duty to execute acts of Con-

gress, 350.
Enforcement of executive agree-

ments, 236.
Exclusiveness

power, 270.

of recognition

Extent of power in making ar-
mistices, 241.

Extent to which he can bind the
nation, 244.

Final authority in treaty denun-
ciation, 258.

Foreign relations powers distin-
guished from administrative
powers, 147.

Foreign states may bring claims
before, 24.

Impeachment of, 167.
Independent of Congress in con.

ducting foreign relations, 149
258, 278-281, 341.
Leadership in foreign affairs,
149, 366-368.

Need of traditions for advance-
ment to, 373.

Neutrality proclamation by, 199.
Observance of international law
by, 166.

Official acts of, subject to inter-
national cognizance, 25, 28,
35.
Personal delivery of messages
by, 371, 372.

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ate, 254.

Relations with cabinet, 371.
Relations with Congress, 371.
Relations with Congressional
committees on foreign affairs,
372.

Relations with Secretary of
State, 322, 323.

Relations with Senate, 360, 361.
Representative organ, 21, 26.
Requests for Senate advice dur-
ing treaty negotiations, 250.
Sole agency of international com-
munication, 28.

Unofficial reception of mission

from defacto governments, 35.
Use of veto in defense of inter-
national law, 164.

War powers limited by interna-
tional law, 85-86, 169.
Why given treaty-making power,
246.

Withdrawal of treaty from Sen-

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Appointment of treaty negotia-

tors, 119, 249.

military

and

Arming of merchant vessels, 295.
Cable landing, 267, 302.
Commissioning
civil officers, 322.
Conclusion of compromis of ar-
bitration, 223.

Conclusion of executive agree-
ments, 53, 233-236, 243.
Confiscation of property in war,
85.

Control of foreign relations, 141,
266, 267.

Creation of offices, 313.
Denunciation of treaties, 259.
Determination of foreign policy,
64, 282.

Determination of national obli-
gations, 217.

Determination of occasions for
using military force, 193.
Direction of administration, 141,
148, 194, 317.

Direction of military forces, 305.
Enforcement of awards of for-
eign consuls, 195.
Enforcement
law, 192.

of international

Enforcement of neutrality, 176,
182.

Enforcement of treaties, 190.
Exchange of ratifications of
treaty, 52, 254.

Extradition under treaty, 194.
Extradition without treaty, 195.
Formal amends, 229.

Fulfillment of guarantee, 227.
Government of unorganized ter-

ritory, 320-321.

Initiate treaties, 248.

Interim appointments, 119.

Internment of foreign troops,
196.

Interpretation of constitution,
347.

Interpretation of international

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Reservations to treaty referred to:
African Slave Trade general act,

Removal
President.)

Renault, L., on inexpediency of
treaty reservations, 49.

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Reprisals:

Effect of, 291.

Power to authorize, 298.
Res adjudicata, 64, 235.
Reservations to treaty:

Express consent to, 45.

Made at exchange of ratifica-
tions, 255.

Made at signature, 251.

Must be agreed to by President
and Senate, 46.

Not permitted, to Declarations
of Paris and London, 49.
Number of cases of, 253.
Occasions for presenting, 48, 50.
Refusal of foreign state to ac-

cept, 254, 255.
Senate's power, 253.
Statements of policy in, 282,
Tacit consent to, 48.

51.
Algeciras convention, 282.
Corea-United States, 1882, 331.
France-United States, 1801, 50,
255.

Great Britain-United States, 1794,
Jay treaty, 253.

Hague Conventions, 51, 111, 282.
Monroe Doctrine, 282.

Sanitary convention, 1903, 52.
Spain-United States, 1819, Flor-
ida purchase, 49.

Spain-United States, 1898, 253.
Reservations to Versailles treaty pro-
posed by United States Senate,
49, 107.

Appointment of representatives
in League of Nations, 119.
Constitutionality, 119.

Power to use military force, 119.
Presidential agents, 333.

Withdrawal from League of Na-
tions, 34, 107, 119.

Reserved powers of states of United
States:

Classification of, 89.

Constitutional understandings re-
garding, 86.

Do not limit treaty-making power,

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Unitary under international law,
15, 25.
Resultant powers of national gov-
ernment, 132.

Retaliation, power to authorize, 301.
Retorsion, power to authorize, 301.
Rio Grande, boundary commission,
184.

Richards, Acting Attorney General,
on power to land cables, 267, 302.
Rivier, on the representative organ, 20.
Rogatory, letters, not applicable in
criminal cases, 189.

Roman law, ogligations under, 213.
Roosevelt, Theodore:

Dispatch of troops, 296.
Influence in foreign affars, 323.
Interpretation of Panama Canal
Guarantee, 217, 218.
Negotiation of Algeciras Con-
vention, 136.

On anarchy as offense against

international law, 188.

On executive agreement with
Santo Domingo, 237.

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Claim to jurisdiction in Bering
Sea, 174.

Treaty protecting citizens sug-
gested by Congress, 248. (See
also Treaties.)

Russo-Japanese war, commencement
of, 290.

Sackville, Lord, British minister, re-
call of, 29.

Salmong, John W., on responsibility,
214.

Salisbury, Lord, British Premier,

discussion of Monroe Doctrine, 39.
Salutes :

Amends by, 229.

Exchange of, 168, 209.

Sanitary

ties.)

Convention. (See Trea-

San Juan Island, agreement regard-

ing, 239.

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