to obftruct the free paffage of fuch ftreets and highways refpectively, but fhall follow one after another upon the fame and fhall have bridles or halters upon every horfe in any of the above carriages; which bridles or halters upon the foremost horfe, fhall (in all carriages not drawn by more than two horfes be tied with a rope, or fome other thing of fufficient ftrength, to the halter or bridle of the horse behind, and which rope or bridle the driver of every fuch carriage fhall have in his or her hand; and every perfon offending in the premises fhall forfeit a fum not exceeding twenty fhillings fterling, nor less than five fhillings fter: ling for each offence. And whereas the free paffage of his majefty's fubjects is often obftruct. ed, and their perfons put in danger, from the prefent, irregular and diforderly method of driving horfes with or without loads, and by leaving carts, waggons,fledges, coaches, chaifes, and other carriages, after the horses have been unyoked and taken from the fame; and alfo ftone, lime, timber, rubbish, and the bodies of dead horfes, and other animals, and other articles which do obftruct fuch free paffage as aforefaid, upon the streets and highways, within that part of Great Britain called Scotland; be it therefore enacted, That, from and after the faid firf day of September 1772, no drivers of horfes, or other beafts of burden, with or without loads, fhall drive their horfes or other beafts of bur den abreast, so as wilfully to obftruct the free paffage of his majesty's fubjects, or to put their perfons in danger, but fhall, as much as may be, drive them in a line one after another in a regular manner, having a bridle or halter affixed to the head of each horfe or beaft of burden; and that the driver or owner of any cart, waggon, fledge, coach, chaife, or other carriage, fhall not be permitted to leave the fame upon any ftreet or highway within that part of 133 Great Britain called Scotland, after the horse or horfes have been unyoked and taken from fuch cart, wag. gon, fledge, or other carriage refpectively; except only with respect to fuch carriage, during fuch reasonable time as the fame fhall be loading or unloading; nor fhall it be allowable to any perfon or perfons to leave stones, lime, timber, rubbish, the bodies of dead horfes, or of other animals, or other nuifances, upon the ftreets and highways aforefaid, fo as to obftruct the free paffage of the fame; and that every perfon offending in the premifes, fhall forfeit a fum not ex▾ ceeding twenty fhillings fterling, and not lefs than five fhillings fterling, for each offence. And whereas many difputes fre quently happen between the drivers of loaded horfes, and other beafts of burden, and the drivers of carts, and fuch other carriages, and between the drivers of coaches, chariots, chaifes, and fuch. likercarriages, travelling upon any ftreet or highway within the limits aforefaid, about giving the way to, or making way for one another; be it enacted, That the driver of every fuch loaded horse, horfes, or other beafts of burden, and the driver of every cart, car, or fuch like carriage, and every coach, chariot, chaife, and fuch like carriage, fhall be obliged, upon meeting ano ther loaded horfe, or other beasts of burden, or another carriage of whatever kind, to make way, by holding or driving to his own left hand, or what is commonly called holding to the near fide, and that without dif tinction, whether the carriages fo meeting one another are loaded or unloaded; and that every person offending in the premifes fhall forfeit a funi not exceeding twenty fhillings fterling, and not less than five fhillings sterling, for each offence. And be it further enacted, That profecutions against offenders, in refpect of the feveral acts and neglects, which which are made punishable by this act, may be brought fummarily before the fheriff-depute or fubftitute, or any juftice of the peace of the county within which the offence fhall be committed, or before any of the magiftrates of cities or boroughs where the offences have been committed within their jurifdiction, or before any other judge competent; and this judgment fhall proceed, and be given against the offender or offenders, either upon his or their own confeffion, or upon the oath or oaths of one or more credible witnesses. And be it further enacted, That, in all, and every of the neglects and offences punishable by this prefent act, it shall be lawful for any perfon or perfons aggrieved, and intending to fue for the recovery of the penalties authorised by this act, upon the authority of the fame, and without any other warrant, to apprehend the offender or offenders, and either to carry him, her, or them, or caufe him her, or them, to be carried, by the affiftance of any peace-officer, or other perfon or perfons, before any juftice of the peace, or any judge competent, within the bounds where the offences fhall be committed; which judge is hereby impowered and required, upon conviction of the offender or offenders, by his or their own confeffion, or the oath or oaths of one or more credible witneffes, to deal with him, her, or them, in manner as herein before directed; and any perfon or perfons, who fhall fee of the offences before recited any comittted, fhall and may, by the authority of this act, without any other warrant, feize and detain the horses, carts, cars, fledges, waggons, drays, coaches, chariots, landaus, and other fuch like machines and carriages, and the horses belonging to the feveral offenders, till fuch time as fentence fhall be pronounced by the competent judge concerning the offence; and in cafe the penalties adjudged by him, in confequence of this act, fhall not be paid, or fecurity found for the fame, within twenty-four hours after conviction and fentence, then the judge, before whom the offender fhall be convicted, is hereby authorifed and required to iffue his warrant, directed to a conftable, or other-peace officer within his jurisdiction, to caufe fale to be made of the subject or fub jects detained, in cafe the fame happens to be the property of the offender or offenders, for raifing the money forfeited by him or them, rendering to fuch offender or offenders the overplus, after deducting the charges of fale, and the expence of keeping the fubject detained, both which fhall be determined by the judge before whom the offender or offenders arè convicted; and in cafe the fubject or fubjects aforefaid do not happen to be the property of fuch offender or offenders, that then the fame fhall be returned to the lawful owner or owners thereof; and it shall be lawful for the judge aforefaid, and he is hereby required, in cafe the fine fhall not be inftantly paid upon conviction, or fatisfactory fecurity given for the fame, to commit the offender or offenders to goal, there to remain until fuch time as the fine fhall be paid, or fatisfactory fecurity found for the fame, or until the expiration of two months after fuch commitment. And be it further enacted, That if any perfon or perfons, charged with being guilty of any of the offences made punishable by this act, fhall, upon the feizure of, or an attempt to feize; under the authority of this act, his or their perfons or property, or the property of others, under their care as aforefaid, refift, abufe, or maltreat any perfon or perfons whatsoever; or if any perfon fhall aid or affift him, her, er them, in fo doing, he, she, or they, fhall refpectively forfeit the fum of twenty fhillings fteriing for every fuch laft mentioned offence; the offence. to be proved, and judgment to pro ceed 1 ceed, thereupon, in the same way and manner as herein before provided for, in the cafe of the other before mentioned offences against this act. And be it alfo enacted, That, if any perfon or perfons, who fhall be appre hended for having committed any of fence against this act,fhall refufe to dif cover his or her name, and place of abode, to any judge competent before whom he or the fhall be brought, fuch perfon or perfons, fo refufing, fhall be committed by the judge to any goal of the county, there to remain until fuch time as he, she, or they, fhall difcover his, her, or their name or names, and place or places of abode. herein contained fhall extend, or be conftrued to extend, to limit, leffen, or take away, any of the jurifdictions, powers and authorities, rights, privi leges and immunities, of any of the cities and royal boroughs within that part of the united kingdom called Scotland, or of the magiftrates and town-council of the fame as contained in acts of parliament, or charters and other grants from his majefty and his royal predeceffors; nor fhall this act be any way derogatory to, or, in any respect whatsoever, be understood to incroach, repeal, or take away the faid jurisdictions,rights or immunities; any thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding. SIR, Confo Onscious of the fervice which muft And be it likewife enacted,That the fines and forfeitures arifing from the offences made punishable by this act fhall be applied, the one half to the in former or profecuter, and the other half to the collector of the land-tax fit neceffarily arife to the of the county within which the of fence fhall have been committed, and by him to be accounted for as part of the funds, established by law, for the detection and punishment of vagrants within that part of Great Britain call ed Scotland. Provided always, That no profe cution under this prefent act fhall lie against any perfon or perfons-whatfoever, unless the fame fhall be brought within three months of the time at which the offence or offences charged was or were actually committed: and that, in all cafes, an appeal fhall lie againft every fentence or judgment of one or more juftices of the peace,made under, and by virtue of the powers given by this act, to the next quarterfeffions of the peace for the county within which the offence is committed, whofe determination fhall be final: And that the faid appeal shall be competent to every perfon and perfons having an intereft, and apprehending him, her, or themselves, to be aggrieved by fuch fentence and judgment. Declaring always, That nothing world from fuch an useful work as Notwithstanding, Notwithstanding, I'm perfwaded, -the number of Effayifts will be confiderable,the subjects canvaffed various,and the methods taken for pursuing them, as different as the complections of the adventures, -Yet, I shall not be detered from fubjecting to your management, fuch thoughts as may occafionally occur, providing they appear to carry the fhow of confiftency,fince I'm convinced from experience, that every sentence you give, will be the effect of judgment-upon which I can fafely depend I have the fortune at prefent, Sir, to be connected with the public (I'm forry for the fake of my country, I cannot fay with the focial) worldMy acquaintance, tho' not general, is pretty extenfive;—and as I'm bound by principleto be as candid, as open, I would incline to trace the fource of my objection,——and try if a mean might be fallen upon where by it could be removed- -The diftrict in which I happen to refide is characterized, as little enough verfant in the praise-worthy exercise of hofpitality Intereft has the preference on the minds of the inhabitants, and the more generous virtues are only admitted, according as they are more or lefs fubfervient thereto. exert every power which can promote it? Why then maintain a difregard for his fellow men, feeing the love of God can never dwell where the love of one another is abandoned?- -And is it not the indifpenfible obligation of the rational world, to cultivate thofe feeds of friendship, which maturized, will conftitute the felicity of immortal life? Why then fuffer earth-born views to diveft the active foul of the more noble, tender feelings of humanity,charity and love?— -to All mankind' are the conftant dependents of heaven, and the common children of its peculiar care; and certainly it is most difloyal and unfair, to profecute private ends, at the expence of public good;take the advantage of a brother's, a fifter's inadvertancy, and push on to wealth and greatness, in the face of every oppofition,which either facred, or common juftice may prefent.Nor can I help being of opinion, that a judicious attention to the intereft of fociety, can never hurt the intereft of individuals.-Though whilst Self is the primum mobile, our neighbours must but look for such a share of refpect, as refpects that fashionable motive for action. 'Tis true-the moral virtues have their Medium, and to over-do, is to undo-Yet I should be happy to obferve the deviation as feldom as poffible take place on the fide of diffici-: ency,-for very few will be apt to commit mistakes on the oppofite. From thefe well intended hints, confcious virtue has nothing to fear; -A ftranger is not reputable if, he is not AFFLUENT. A fellow refident, if not ftraining every nerve to aggrandize his fortune, is contemptible.And that eafy intercourfe which fignalizes honeft hearts, and renders life and living comfortable things, is too much neglected.Hence it is, Sir, that my objec--and the contracted mind has notion takes place;-and fure I am,- thing to do, but expand his fentione fingle reflection on the end of ments of love to God and man.our existence, on the laws of equi-. Hence my point would be gained,—— ty and juftice, might tend to re- and hence my ambition to ferve,greatmove it. ly encouraged.Believe me to be, SIR, Was not man created a fociable creature? Why then counteract the Divine will?Is not the principal end of man to glorify his Maker,and VOL. I : 1 A Shorter and cheaper Method of making Hay than that practifed at prefent. By a Farmer of New England. GENTLEMEN, SI think every member of fociety is indifpenfibly obliged to communicate what he has difcovered for the public benefit; I fhall make no apology for fending you an account of my own practice in making of hay, though it may feem fmall and trifling at the first mentioning: but finding that it faves me near two fifths of the time and labour I ufed to be at in this article, and that my hay is, I think, better than when I ufed to pursue the ufual method, I efteem myself juftified in communicating it to the public. My method is this: I mow my grafs, and let it lie in the fwarth till the dew is off the the next morning: then I turn and fpread my hay, and let it lie in the fun till the after part of the day, when I take it up and cock it well, and never meddle more with it till I cart it into my barn or ftack it. If the weather be good, it will do well to cart after it has stood two days in the cock. This, I have found by five or fix years constant experience, anfwers for any fort of hay, except falt hay and red clover, of which laft I have not had fo long trial; but with refpect to clover hay, I managed it laft fummer after this manner, viz. I followed my mowers as they cut the grafs, I fpread it as thin as I could, and before night I put it in cock. The next day, after the dew was off, I fpread it again; in the afternoon I cocked it a fecond time, and meddled no more no time in which I could poffibly take any further care of my hay for many days. When I had difpatched my my other affairs, I returned to it, and found it in as good order, that is to fay, the bulk of it, as ever I had hay in my life. Reflecting then how much labour may be faved by this method, I have followed the fame practice ever fince, and find it anfwer very well. The reason why I think my hay really better, is, becaufe I take it for granted, that the more juice, or natural moisture, we can retain in it, without corrupting and rotting the ftalk, the richer and more nourishing it is. The too often turning and fpread-. ing of hay in the fun extracts too much of the richness thereof, and one day's thus lying will take away fuch a quantity of the most watry particles, as that the remainder is only fufficient to raise a proper fermentation thereof when in the cock, while the fmallnefs of the body there keeps that fermentation from rifing to fuch a height as to corrupt it. After twenty-four hours, the fermentation will gradually abate; and the pitching of the hay into the cart, and afterwards into the mow, or ftack, fo checks it, that it will not again rife to fuch a height as to be detrimental. Cattle are fonder of this hay than of that which is made in the common. way, and lefs of it will support them. Your's, &c. Remarkable inftance of Ingratitude ・from Leland's Hiftory of Philip King of Macedon. with it till I carted it. The appear. A certain foldier, in the Mace ance of the hay fince makes me judge that no man has better of the fort. My first coming into this practice was purely accidental; after cutting my grafs, five or fix years ago, I put it in cock the next day; but my avocations then were fuch, that I had donian army, had, in many inftances diftinguished himself by extraordinary acts of valour and had received many marks of Philip's favour and approbation. On fome oc-"> cafion, he embarked on board a veffel, which was wrecked by a violent » .ftorm |