"He is worth more the subordinate clause.

is the principal clause; "than you are worth,"

"He" is the subject of the principal clause; "worth" is the predicate; "is" is the copula. The predicate, "worth," is modified by the phrase []"more," an adverbial element, "more" being an adjective used as a noun in the objective case without a governing word. "More," as an adjective in the comparative degree, is modified by the clause "than you are worth," an adverbial element. "You" is the subject of the subordinate clause; "worth" is the predicate; "are" is the copula. "Than" is the connective.

CCXV. EXERCISES

Analyze the following sentences:

I. Advance. 2. Up, comrades, up. 3. Quick, quick, or we are lost. 4. Honest, my lord? 5. Impossible! 6. This done, we instantly departed. 7. Thou denied a grave! 8. What would content you? Talent? 9. How, now, Jenkinson? 10. A rope to the side! II. Rather he, than I. 12. The orphan of St. Louis, he became the adopted child of the Republic. 13. Seest thou a man wise in his own conceit? There is more hope of a fool than of him. 14. Are you fond of skating? Somewhat. 15. Horace is older than I. 16. That building is as large as the capitol.

17.

18.

Multitudes of little floating clouds,

Ere we, who saw, of change were conscious, pierced
Through their ethereal texture, had become
Vivid as fire. -— WORDSWORTH.

Then here's to our boyhood, its gold and its gray
The stars of its winter, the dews of its May!
And when we have done with our life-lasting toys,
Dear Father, take care of thy children, the Boys!

!

-O. W. HOLMES. 19. Wisdom, judgment, prudence, and firmness were his predominant traits. 20. Rural employments are certainly natural, amusing, and healthy. 21. He had a good mind, a sound judgment, and, a vivid

imagination. 22. He is a good, faithful, and generous boy. 23. Man is fearfully and wonderfully made. 24. To love God and to do good to men are the leading purposes of every Christian. 25. Education expands and elevates the mind. 26. Learn to labor and to wait. 27. I am not the advocate of indolence and improvidence. 28. During our voyage we whiled away our time in reading, in writing a journal, and in studying navigation. 29. That the climate of the northern hemisphere has changed, and that its mean temperature nearly resembled that of the tropics, is the opinion of many naturalists. — Lyell. 30. The writings of the sages show that the best empire is self-government, and that subduing our passions is the noblest of conquests. 31. The chastity of honor, which felt a stain like a wound, which inspired courage while it mitigated ferocity, which ennobled whatever it touched and under which vice itself lost half its evil by losing its grossness, is gone. BURKE. 32. When public bodies are to be addressed on momentous occasions, when great interests are at stake and strong passions excited, nothing is valuable in speech further than it is connected with high intellectual and moral endowments.

WEBSTER.

Complex sentences are often changed into simple sentences by abridging their subordinate clauses.

Contracted clauses are called abridged propositions.

Ex.- "We came that we might assist you"We came to assist you. "I believe that he is honest I believe him to be honest.

There is an essential difference between a sentence shortened by ellipsis and an abridged proposition. In the former, the omitted words are clearly implied, and must be restored before the sentence can be analyzed or parsed; in the latter, an equivalent expression is substituted for an entire proposition. The predicate is always retained, but is used as an assumed attribute, the assertion being wholly omitted.

In abridging a proposition, when the copula or the principal verb is changed to the infinitive mode, a noun or a pronoun used as subject or as predicate must be changed to the objective case.

"The

Ex. 1. "I knew that it was he "I knew it to be him. 2. merchant ordered that the goods should be shipped "The merchant ordered the goods to be shipped.

When the copula or principal verb is changed to a participial noun, the subject is changed to the possessive case; but a noun or a pronoun used as the predicate, remains unchanged in the nominative.

Ex.. I. "I was not aware that it was he "I was not aware of its being he. 2. “That he was a farmer promoted his election”= His being a farmer promoted his election.

When the copula or principal verb is changed to a participle, the subject is put in the nominative case absolute with it.

Ex.-I. "The fair was not held, because the weather was unfavorable"= The weather being unfavorable, the fair was not held. 2. "When the sun rose, we pursued our journey"=The sun being risen, we pursued our journey.

Sometimes an infinitive is an abridged proposition, the subject being omitted because it is contained in the principal clause.

Ex.

"I told him to go;" equivalent to, I told him that he should go. In this sentence, to go is the direct object of told, and him the indirect object.

The abridged form of an adjective clause is a participial, infinitive, or prepositional phrase.

Ex.

A

"Our friends who live in the city = Our friends living in the city = Our friends in the city. "A book that may amuse you" book to amuse you.

The abridged form of an adverbial clause is a participial, infinitive, prepositional, or absolute phrase.

=

Ex. -"When we heard the explosion, we hastened to the spot' Hearing the explosion, we hastened, etc.; “I attend school that I may learn" = I attend school to learn; “If he be economical, he will become rich " He will become rich by being economical; "When the soldiers arrived, the mob dispersed " The soldiers having arrived, etc. The abridged form of an objective clause is a noun or a pronoun

=

=

CCXVII. MODELS FOR ANALYSIS

I know him to be a sailor.

This is a sentence; declarative; simple.

"I" is the subject; "know" is the predicate. The predicate is modified by the abridged proposition "him to be a sailor," equivalent to "that he is a sailor,” an objective element. "Him" is modified by the phrase "to be a sailor," an adjective element; "sailor" by "a,” an adjective element.

I was aware of his being my enemy.

66 was " is the copula.

This is a sentence; declarative; simple. "I" is the subject; 66 " is the predicate; aware The predicate, "aware," is modified by the abridged proposition "of his being my enemy," an adverbial element, equivalent to, "that he was my enemy." "Being " " is modified by "his," an adjective element; 66 'enemy," by "my," an adjective element.

The shower having passed, we resumed our journey.

This is a sentence; declarative; simple.

"We" is the subject; "resumed " is the predicate. "Resumed" is modified by "journey," an objective element, which is modified by "our," an adjective element. "Resumed" is also modified by the abridged proposition "the shower having passed," equivalent to "when the shower had passed." "Shower" is modified by “the” and “having passed," adjective elements.

Analyze the following sentences, giving equivalent clauses for the abridged propositions: —

1. Cæsar having crossed the Rubicon, Pompey prepared for battle. 2. Having accumulated a large fortune, he retired from business. 3. Being but dust, be humble and wise. 4. Judging from his dress, I should pronounce him an artisan. 5. I believe him to be an honest

man.

MODEL FOR COMPLETE ANALYSIS

201

7. There is

6. There is no hope of his recovering his health. no prospect of the storm's abating. 8. Having been detained by this accident, he lost the opportunity of seeing them. 9. Having annoyed us thus for a time, they began to form themselves into close columns, six or eight abreast.— JANE TAYLOR.

She gave me for my pains a world of sighs. SHAKESPEARE.

CCXIX. MODEL FOR COMPLETE ANALYSIS

"The patriot, whom the corrupt tremble to see arise, may well feel a grateful satisfaction in the mighty power which heaven has delegated to him, when he thinks that he has used it for those purposes only which heaven approves."

This is a sentence; declarative; complex. It is composed of six clauses. The principal clause is:

:

"The patriot may well feel a grateful satisfaction in the mighty power."

The subordinate clauses are:

"Whom the corrupt tremble to see arise.”

"Which heaven has delegated to him."

"When he thinks."

"That he has used it for those purposes only."

"Which heaven approves."

"Patriot” is the subject of the principal clause; "may feel" is the predicate.

"Patriot" is modified by "the," an adjective element, and by the clause "whom the corrupt tremble to see arise," an adjective element, of which "whom ” is the connective, “corrupt” the subject, and “tremble" the predicate. "Corrupt" is modified by "the,” an adjective element; "tremble" is modified by the phrase "to see," an adverbial element; which is modified by "whom," an objective element, and "whom " is modified by the phrase "[to] arise," an adjective element.