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CAPITAL LETTERS

For use of cedilla, macron, and tilde, see page 58.

247

The caret [^] is used in writing, to show that some letter, word, or phrase has been omitted.

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"The se sons are alike in all of the same region."

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CCLV. CAPITAL LETTERS

(See page 52.)

The first word after an introductory word or clause may begin with a capital letter.

Ex. "Resolved, That the sum of three thousand dollars be appropriated," etc.

"Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That section fourteen," etc.

Each item of an enumeration of particulars, arranged in paragraphs, should begin with a capital letter.

Ex.

"These expenditures are in proportion to the whole expenditure of government:

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In Austria, as thirty-three per cent;

In France, as thirty-eight per cent;

In Great Britain, as seventy-four per cent."

Proper names of persons, places, months, days, etc., should begin with capital letters.

Ex. James, Emma, Boston, July, Wednesday, James Monroe, O. W. Holmes.

Titles of honor or distinction, used alone or accompanied by nouns, should begin with capital letters.

Ex. - Earl Russell; the Duke of York; Mr. Wilson; Mrs. Smith; Dr. Johnson; Gen. Harrison; Sir Robert Peel; George the Third; Charles the Bold; "O had I a thousand a year, Gaffer Green." "The Elder spake as follows."

Names of things personified should usually begin with

capital letters.

Ex.- "Come, gentle Spring! ethereal Mildness! come."

"In Misery's darkest cavern known,

His useful care was nigh,

When hopeless Anguish poured his groan,

And lonely Want retired to die.”

Words or phrases used as names for particular objects should begin with capital letters.

Ex.- The Falls; Yellow Creek; the Havana; the City of Brotherly Love; the Cape of Good Hope; John o' Groat's House; the Round Tower; the Sailor's Home; "I have read "The Tent on the Beach.'"

All appellations of the Deity should begin with capital letters.

Ex. God; the Most High; the Supreme; the Infinite One; Divine Providence; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; our Lord Jesus Christ.

A word referring to the Deity, but not used as an appellation, should sometimes begin with a capital letter.

Ex. "The Hand that made us is divine."

"The spangled heavens, a shining frame,

Their great Original proclaim."

A pronoun, whose expressed antecedent is the name of the Deity, usually requires no capitals; as, "O thou merciful God!"

vides for all his creatures."

"God pro

The pronouns he, his, him, thy, and thee, referring to names of the Deity, in sentences where their antecedents are understood, may sometimes begin with capital letters; as, "The hope of my spirit turns trembling to Thee." "Trust in Him, for He will sustain thee."

Nouns denoting the race or nation of individuals should begin with capital letters.

Ex. - The French; the Spaniards; the English; the Angio-Saxons.

GENERAL REMARKS

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Words derived from proper names should begin with capital letters.

Ex.

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American; Danish; Johnsonian; Icelandic.

When such words become common nouns by losing their reference to their original proper nouns, they should not begin with capital letters. Ex. —a louis d'or; a guinea; china ware.

Words of special importance may begin with capital letters.

Ex. -The Tariff; the Sub-Treasury Bill; the Commissioner of Common Schools; "Be prepared for the Great Day"; "Angler's Companion: a Complete and Superior Treatise on the Art of Angling."

Punctuate properly the following examples, and observe the rules for the use of capitals :·

I What tubero did that naked sword of yours mean in the battle of pharsalia at whose breast was its point aimed what was then the meaning of your arms your spirit your eyes your hands your ardor of soul what did you desire what wish for I press the youth too much he seems disturbed let me return to myself I too bore arms on the same side cicero

2. presently my soul grew stronger hesitating then no longer sir said I or madam truly your forgiveness I implore

but the fact is I was napping and so gently you came rapping and so faintly you came tapping tapping at my chamber door

that I scarce was sure I heard you here I opened wide the door darkness there and nothing more

CCLVI. GENERAL REMARKS

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Indirect quotations, or words quoted as the peculiar language of authors, should not begin with capital letters; as, “A man is an ‘individual,' or a 'person,' or a 'party A fine house is always a 'pala

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In writing many compound names of places, usage is not uniform. When the parts remain separate, or are connected by a hyphen, each

should begin with a capital letter: when the parts are consolidated, but one capital letter should be used.

Ex. "New Castle, New-Castle, Newcastle.

In phrases or sentences used as headings or titles, nouns, adjectives, participles, or other important words, only, should begin with capital letters unimportant words and connectives should begin with small letters.

In advertisements, show bills, etc., different styles and sizes of type are used, and quite frequently the rules for the use of capitals are not observed.

CCLXVII. EXERCISES TO BE CORRECTED

I. it is a pleasant thing to see the sun. man is mortal. flowers bloom in summer.

2. Resolved, that the framers of the constitution, etc.

3. The town has expended the past year:

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4. He said "you are too impulsive"; Remember the maxim, "a penny saved is a penny earned."

5. The day is past and gone; the evening shades appear; O may we all remember well

the night of death draws near."

6. James and samuel went to baltimore last august; The general assembly meets on the first monday in february.

7. The bill was vetoed by the president; John Jones, esq.; Richard the third; "The opposition was led by lord Brougham."

8. When music, heavenly maid was young,

While yet, in early Greece she sung
The passions oft to hear her shell

Throng'd around her magic cell.

9. The central park; the Ohio river; I have read "great expectations"; the atlas mountains are in Africa.

10. The lord shall endure forever; Remember thy creator.

ITALICS, SMALL CAPITALS, ETC.

251

II. "I know that my redeemer liveth"; "I am the way, the truth and the life"; "the word was made flesh."

12. Those are chinamen; the turcomans are a wandering race; the gypsies of Spain; the indians are fast disappearing.

13. The Swiss family Robinson; a russian serf; “The rank is but the Guinea's stamp"; a Cashmere shawl; a Damask rose.

14. The emancipation proclamation; the art of cookery (a title); the Missouri compromise; the whisky insurrection; "A treatise on the science of education and the art of teaching."

15. i don't like to study grammar. i write correctly enough, now. o, how i wish school was out.

CCLXVIII. ITALICS, SMALL CAPITALS, ETC.

Emphatic words, phrases, and clauses are frequently printed in italics.

Ex. “Do not you grieve at this?" "The truth is, his lordship weeps for the press, and wipes his eyes with the public." — CUrran. Words borrowed from foreign languages should be printed in italics.

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Ex. "Each word stood quite per se. pro quo surprised me into vehement laughter."

LAMB. "This odd quid

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WALPOLE.

The names of authors, annexed to selections from their writings, are frequently printed in italics or small capitals. Ex. "His coward lips did from their color fly."-Shakespeare. Parenthetical words and phrases are frequently printed in italics.

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Ex.- 66

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"Old gentleman (looking quite unconcerned), 'Run away, has

Names of ships, books, newspapers, and periodicals are frequently printed in italics or small capitals.

Ex.

"The Quaker City has arrived." "The JOURNAL is committed to no such policy as that."

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