Beyond the Gene: Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Struggle for Authority in GeneticsOxford University Press, 14 мая 1987 г. - Всего страниц: 282 The scope and significance of cytoplasmic inheritance has been the subject of one of the longest controversies in the history of genetics. In the first major book on the history of this subject, Jan Sapp analyses the persistent attempts of investigators of non-Mendelian inheritance to establish their claims in the face of strong resistance from nucleo-centric geneticists and classical neo-Darwinians. A new perspective on the history of genetics is offered as he explores the conflicts which have shaped theoretical thinking about heredity and evolution throughout the century: materialism vs. vitalism, reductionism vs. holism, preformation vs. epigenesis, neo-Darwinism vs. new-Lamarckism, and gradualism vs. saltationism. In so doing, Sapp highlights competitive struggles for power among individuals and disciplinary groups. He accepts that political interests and general social contexts may directly affect scientific ideas, but develops the stronger thesis that social interests inside science itself are always involved in the content of scientific knowledge. He goes on to show that there are no neutral judges in scientific controversies and investigates the social strategies and methodological rhetoric used by scientists when they defend or oppose a particular theory. At the same time, Sapp illustrates the social constraints that ensure the high cost and risk of entertaining unorthodox theories in the sciences. |
Содержание
| 3 | |
Chapter 2 Constructing Heredity | 32 |
Chapter 3 Challenging the Nuclear Monopoly of the Cell in Germany | 54 |
Making Plasmagenes in America | 87 |
Chapter 5 Boris Ephrussi and the Birth of Genetics in France | 123 |
Chapter 6 The Cold War in Genetics | 163 |
Chapter 7 Problems with Master Molecules | 192 |
Chapter 8 Patterns of Power | 221 |
Bibliography | 235 |
Index | 257 |
Другие издания - Просмотреть все
Beyond the Gene: Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Struggle for Authority in ... Jan Sapp Ограниченный просмотр - 1987 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
acquired characteristics American geneticists analysis argued attempted basis Bateson Beadle biologists biology Boris Ephrussi Brachet cellular differentiation Chapter characters chemical Chlamydomonas chloroplasts chromosomes ciliate claimed Conklin Correns cyto cytological cytoplasm in heredity cytoplasmic genetic cytoplasmic heredity cytoplasmic inheritance discussed Drosophila embryo embryologists environmental enzyme Ephrussi epigenetic evidence evolution evolutionary experimental factors France fundamental genetic investigations genetic system geneticists genic action German H. J. Muller hereditary heredity important inheritance of acquired Institute investigations of cytoplasmic Jennings Johannsen Jollos Kappa L'Héritier laboratory Lillie Loeb Lwoff Lysenko Lysenkoists mechanism Mendelian geneticists Mendelian genetics Mendelism microorganisms mitochondria molecular Muller Nanney nature Neurospora non-Mendelian inheritance nuclear genes nucleus organelles organism Paramecium particles phenotype physiological plasm plasmagenes Plasmon plastids problem produced protein Rockefeller Foundation role scientific somatic cell Sonneborn Sonneborn papers specific structure T. H. Morgan theoretical toplasmic traits transmission United University wrote yeast
Популярные отрывки
Стр. xi - One can only show how one came to hold whatever opinion one does hold. One can only give one's audience the chance of drawing their own conclusions as they observe the limitations, the prejudices, the idiosyncrasies of the speaker.
Стр. 51 - History shows that throughout the centuries, from Aristotle and Pliny to the present day, natural history constitutes the perennial root-stock or stolon of biological science and that it retains this character because it satisfies some of our most fundamental and vital interests in organisms as living individuals more or less like ourselves.
Стр. 50 - Wanderlust" of geneticists is beginning to urge them in our direction, it may not be inappropriate to point out a danger in this threatened invasion. The prestige of success enjoyed by the gene theory might easily become a hindrance to the understanding of development by directing our attention solely to the genom [sic], whereas cell movements, differentiation and in fact all developmental processes are actually effected by the cytoplasm.
Стр. 17 - We are vertebrates because our mothers were vertebrates and produced eggs of the vertebrate pattern ; but the color of our skin and hair and eyes, our sex, stature, and mental peculiarities were determined by the sperm as well as by the egg from which we came.
Стр. 117 - In accepting this view we admit that the cytoplasm of the egg is, in a measure, the substratum of inheritance, but it is so only by virtue of its relation to the nucleus, which is, so to speak, the ultimate court of appeal. The nucleus cannot operate without a cytoplasmic field in which its peculiar powers may come into play ; but this field is created and moulded by itself. Both are necessary to development; the nucleus alone suffices for the inheritance of specific possibilities of development.
Стр. 6 - The blastomeres of the seaurchin are to be regarded as forming a uniform material, and they may be thrown about, like balls in a pile, without in the least degree impairing thereby the normal power of development.
Стр. 183 - I believe that the situation is very grave. There is now a party line in genetics, which means that the basic scientific principle of the appeal to fact has been overridden by ideological considerations. A great scientific nation has repudiated certain basic elements of scientific method, and in so doing has repudiated the universal and supranational character of science.
Стр. 20 - ... that each phenomenon by itself depends upon the general forces of nature, but when taken in connection with the others it seems directed by some invisible guide on the road it follows and led to the place it occupies. We admit that the life phenomena are attached to physicochemical manifestations, but it is true that the essential is not explained thereby; for no fortuitous coming together of physicochemical phenomena constructs each organism after a plan and a fixed design (which are foreseen...
Стр. 43 - Naturalists may still be found expounding teleological systems1 which would have delighted Dr Pangloss himself, but at the present time few are misled. The student of genetics knows that the time for the development of theory is not yet. He would rather stick to the seed pan and the incubator.